Alert archive / Kansas / High Wind Warnings in 2009

High Wind Warning 2, NWS Topeka, KS

March 23, 200923 counties in Kansas

NWS Topeka, KS issued this high wind warning at Mar 23, 2009, 10:12 AM CDT for 23 counties in Kansas. It was in force for 9 hr. 60 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Mar 23, 2009, 10:12 AM CDT (15:12 UTC)
Expired
Mar 23, 2009, 7:00 PM CDT
In force
9 hr
Issued by
NWS Topeka, KS
All 23 counties

Anderson County, KS, Brown County, KS, Clay County, KS, Cloud County, KS, Coffey County, KS, Dickinson County, KS, Douglas County, KS, Franklin County, KS, Geary County, KS, Jackson County, KS, Jefferson County, KS, Lyon County, KS, Marshall County, KS, Morris County, KS, Nemaha County, KS, Osage County, KS, Ottawa County, KS, Pottawatomie County, KS, Republic County, KS, Riley County, KS, Shawnee County, KS, Wabaunsee County, KS, Washington County, KS

The radar

The Topeka radar (KTWX), 16 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 15:16 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Mar 23, 10:52 AM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 58Manhattan, KS
Mar 23, 10:55 AM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 61Concordia, KS
Mar 23, 11:50 AM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGMinneapolis, KSROOF GOT ROLLED UP ON RESIDENCE. PLYWOOD ROOF EXPOSED IN OTTAWA COUNTY.
Mar 23, 11:53 AM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 60Alma, KS
Mar 23, 1:30 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMG1 N Delia, KSTREE DOWN
Mar 23, 1:30 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMG3 E Seneca, KSBOX TRAILER BLOW OVER ON HIGHWAY 36.
Mar 23, 1:40 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMG2 W Winchester, KSA PORTION OF A BARN ROOF WAS BLOWN OFF AT US 59 AND 150TH ST.
Mar 23, 1:50 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 552 Ssw Baileyville, KS1/4 MILE VISIBILITY WITH BLOWING DUST
Mar 23, 2:00 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMG1 W Marysville, KSPOWER LINE BLOWN DOWN.
Mar 23, 2:04 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGAbilene, KSDOWNED POWER LINES, LOSS OF SHINGLES, LARGE BRANCHES, AND STREET SIGNS BLOWN OVER IN EISENHOWER PARK AND AROUND THE CITY.
Mar 23, 2:04 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGNortonville, KSA SIGN WAS BLOWN OFF THE ROOF OF A BUILDING AND WENT THROUGH THE WINDOW OF AN ADJACENT BUILDING...NO INJURIES WERE REPORTED.
Mar 23, 2:06 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 67Concordia, KSLAW ENFORCEMENT REPORTS THE CITY OF CONCORDIA IS WITHOUT POWER. A LOCAL STORM SPOTTER REPORTS SIGNS DESTROYED AND A GUTTER FROM A RESIDENCE ALONG THE ROADSIDE.
Mar 23, 2:30 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 614 Sse Morrowville, KSROOF SHINGLES LOOSENED AND CHIMNEY CAP BLOWN OFF
Mar 23, 2:37 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 644 Sse Morrowville, KS
Mar 23, 2:46 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMG1 Wsw Osage City, KSTREE BLOWN DOWN BETWEEN 4TH/5TH ELLENWOOD IN OSAGE CITY BY 65 MPH EST WIND GUST. KNOCKED DOWN POWER LINE.
Mar 23, 2:54 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGClay Center, KSCLAY COUNTY DISPATCH REPORTS SEVERAL TREES BLOWN DOWN ACROSS THE COUNTY...AT LEAST ONE LARGE TREE. SEVERAL SHEET METAL OUTBUILDINGS HAVE BEEN DESTROYED AND SOME POWERLINES ARE DOWNED.
Mar 23, 3:00 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGConcordia, KSMIDDLE SCHOOL ROOF PARTIALLY BLOWN OFF, SONIC DRIVE THROUGH BAY BLOWN OVER INTO THE SUPER 8 MOTEL, MARQUEE PLACE NURSING HOME ROOF DAMAGED
Mar 23, 3:15 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMG3 Nw Morganville, KSROOF BLOWN OFF OF POLE SHED.
Mar 23, 3:15 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGHerington, KSNUMEROUS POWER POLES SNAPPED. TRANSFORMER FIRE. ROOF BLOWN OFF OF MOBILE HOME IN DICKINSON COUNTY.
Mar 23, 3:20 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMG4 N Morganville, KSSEVERAL TREES BLOWN DOWN. LOST ROOF OFF BUILDING. HOG SHEDS SOUTH OF CLAY CENTER AND METAL UTILITY SHEDS BLOWN INTO POWER LINES.
Mar 23, 3:24 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGBelleville, KSPOWER LINES DOWN
Mar 23, 3:25 PM CDTTSTM WND DMG4 Sse Morrowville, KSTOPS BLOWN OUT OF SEVERAL TREES IN YARD. PEAK WIND GUST MEASURED AT 80 MPH.
Mar 23, 3:27 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGConcordia, KSPOSSIBLE ROOF DAMAGE IN CLOUDY COUNTY
Mar 23, 3:37 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 645 S Topeka, KSFORBES FIELD ASOS
Mar 23, 3:38 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 61W Moonlight, KSMEASURED WITH HOME WEATHER STATION. PREVIOUS WIND GUSTS PRODUCED DAMAGE TO GUTTERS ON THE HOME.
Mar 23, 3:45 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMG6 W Topeka, KSSEMI BLOWN OVER NEAR MM 353 ON INTERSTATE 70.
Mar 23, 3:45 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMG9 S Greenleaf, KSPOWER POLE BREAK
Mar 23, 3:45 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGManhattan, KSSTREET SIGNS BLOWN DOWN IN COUNTY.
Mar 23, 3:45 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGWamego, KSRURAL FIRE STATION ROOF DAMAGE. TREES DOWN. ROOF EXPOSED.
Mar 23, 3:46 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMG3 N Auburn, KSTREE UPROOTED NEAR INTERSECTION OF 61ST STREET AND AUBURN ROAD.
Mar 23, 4:00 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGTopeka, KSPOWERLINES DOWN AT 33RD AND ADAMS IN TOPEKA. ESTIMATED TIME OF DAMAGE.
Mar 23, 4:03 PM CDTHAIL 12 Sse Hope, KSQUARTER SIZED HAIL COVERED THE GROUND.
Mar 23, 4:30 PM CDTHAIL 15 W Abilene, KS
Mar 23, 4:31 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 50Topeka, KS
Mar 23, 4:31 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 58Topeka, KS
Mar 23, 4:37 PM CDTHAIL 0.75Abilene, KS
Mar 23, 5:02 PM CDTHAIL 11 Nnw St. George, KS
Mar 23, 5:03 PM CDTTSTM WND GST 915 S Manhattan, KSMEASURED AT KSTATE MESONET STATION
Mar 23, 5:14 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND GST 65Se Eskridge, KS8 INCH TREE BLOWN DOWN.
Mar 23, 5:19 PM CDTHAIL 0.889 Ssw Onaga, KS
Mar 23, 5:27 PM CDTHAIL 0.885 N Wakefield, KS
Mar 23, 5:29 PM CDTHAIL 0.881 Wsw Olsburg, KS
Mar 23, 5:31 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGAuburn, KSSHINGLES DAMAGED AND TREE LIMBS DOWNED.
Mar 23, 5:32 PM CDTHAIL 0.882 Wnw Olsburg, KS
Mar 23, 5:32 PM CDTHAIL 12 Wnw Olsburg, KS
Mar 23, 5:35 PM CDTHAIL 13 S Abilene, KS
Mar 23, 5:38 PM CDTHAIL 0.751 Wnw Wakefield, KSLOTS OF PEA SIZE HAIL WITH THE LARGEST PENNY SIZE.
Mar 23, 5:40 PM CDTTSTM WND GST 60Ese Abilene, KS
Mar 23, 5:40 PM CDTHAIL 1.25N Abilene, KSHAIL LARGER THAN QUARTER SIZE FALLING ON THE NORTH SIDE OF ABILENE.
Mar 23, 5:43 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMGLawrence, KSPOWER LINES DOWN IN DOUGLAS COUNTY.
Mar 23, 6:04 PM CDTHAIL 15 Nne Moonlight, KS
Mar 23, 6:09 PM CDTHAIL 11 Nw Junction City, KSVISIBILITY REDUCED TO ZERO...A LOT OF QUARTER SIZED HAIL FALLING.
Mar 23, 6:10 PM CDTHAIL 0.5Milford, KS
Mar 23, 6:12 PM CDTHAIL 0.752 Se Milford Lake, KS
Mar 23, 6:13 PM CDTHAIL 0.882 Se Milford Lake, KS
Mar 23, 6:13 PM CDTNON-TSTM WND DMG3 Ssw Fairview, KSTREE LIMBS DOWNED AND GAS GRILL BLOWN ACROSS THE YARD.
Mar 23, 6:33 PM CDTTORNADO3 W Oneida, KSTORNADO CONFIRMED FROM DAMAGE SURVEY. TORNADO PATH APPROXIMATELY 8.5 MILES LONG. RATED EF-1.
Mar 23, 6:35 PM CDTHAIL 12 Nw Manhattan, KS
Mar 23, 6:38 PM CDTTSTM WND GST 80Bern, KS
Mar 23, 6:50 PM CDTHAIL 16 Wsw Westmoreland, KS

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

The nearest sounding before it

Topeka, KS (KTOP), launched 12:00Z, 3.2 hours before the alert went out and 61 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Topeka, KS at 12:00Z on 2009-03-23Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 3 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Topeka, KS at 12:00Z on 2009-03-23The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 332 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
3 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-529 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1190 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
19 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
332 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
505 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
1.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WWUS73 KTOP 231512
NPWTOP

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TOPEKA KS
1012 AM CDT MON MAR 23 2009

.A STRONG SPRING STORM SYSTEM WILL CONTINUE TO BRING VERY WINDY
CONDITIONS ACROSS THE CENTRAL PLAINS TODAY.

KSZ008>010-020>023-034>037-240000-
/O.UPG.KTOP.WI.Y.0006.000000T0000Z-090324T0000Z/
/O.NEW.KTOP.HW.W.0002.090323T1512Z-090324T0000Z/
REPUBLIC-WASHINGTON-MARSHALL-CLOUD-CLAY-RILEY-POTTAWATOMIE-OTTAWA-
DICKINSON-GEARY-MORRIS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MARYSVILLE...CONCORDIA...CLAY CENTER...
MANHATTAN...ABILENE...JUNCTION CITY
1012 AM CDT MON MAR 23 2009

...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM CDT THIS EVENING...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TOPEKA HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM CDT THIS EVENING. THE
WIND ADVISORY IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. VERY STRONG SOUTHERLY WINDS
OF 35 TO 40 MPH GUSTING TO 55 TO 60 MPH ARE LIKELY TO CONTINUE
ACROSS PORTIONS OF NORTH CENTRAL AND NORTHEAST KANSAS THROUGH LATE
THIS AFTERNOON.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

STRONG WINDS CAN TOPPLE TREES...BLOW SINGLES OFF OF HOUSES...AND
DOWN POWER LINES. DRIVING WILL BE DIFFICULT AND HIGH PROFILE
VEHICLES CAN BE BLOWN OFF THE ROAD. TAKE PRECAUTIONS TO SECURE
TRASH CANS...LAWN FURNITURE AND ANY OTHER LOOSE OBJECTS THAT ARE
OUTDOORS.

REMEMBER...A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS STRONG DAMAGING WINDS ARE
IMMINENT OR HIGHLY LIKELY

&&

$$

KSZ011-012-024-026-038>040-054>056-058-059-240000-
/O.CON.KTOP.WI.Y.0006.000000T0000Z-090324T0000Z/
NEMAHA-BROWN-JACKSON-JEFFERSON-WABAUNSEE-SHAWNEE-DOUGLAS-LYON-
OSAGE-FRANKLIN-COFFEY-ANDERSON-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...HIAWATHA...TOPEKA...LAWRENCE...
EMPORIA...OTTAWA
1012 AM CDT MON MAR 23 2009

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM CDT THIS EVENING...

A WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM CDT THIS EVENING. 

STRONG SOUTHERLY WINDS OF 30 TO 40 MPH WITH FREQUENT GUSTS TO 50
MPH ARE LIKELY TO CONTINUE ACROSS NORTHEAST AND EAST CENTRAL
KANSAS THROUGH THE LATE AFTERNOON HOURS.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE ACTION TO SECURE TRASH CANS...LAWN FURNITURE...AND OTHER
LOOSE OR LIGHTWEIGHT OUTDOOR OBJECTS. OUTDOOR BURNING SHOULD BE
AVOIDED. WHEN TRAVELING...USE EXTRA CAUTION ON EAST TO WEST
ORIENTED ROADWAYS...SUCH AS INTERSTATE 70...AS SIGNIFICANT CROSS
WINDS WILL EXIST.

&&

$$

CAVANAUGH
2 follow-up statements
000 
WWUS73 KTOP 231821
NPWTOP

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TOPEKA KS
121 PM CDT MON MAR 23 2009

.A STRONG SPRING STORM SYSTEM WILL CONTINUE TO BRING VERY WINDY
CONDITIONS ACROSS THE CENTRAL PLAINS TODAY.

KSZ011-012-024-026-038>040-054>056-058-059-240000-
/O.UPG.KTOP.WI.Y.0006.000000T0000Z-090324T0000Z/
/O.EXA.KTOP.HW.W.0002.000000T0000Z-090324T0000Z/
NEMAHA-BROWN-JACKSON-JEFFERSON-WABAUNSEE-SHAWNEE-DOUGLAS-LYON-
OSAGE-FRANKLIN-COFFEY-ANDERSON-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...HIAWATHA...TOPEKA...LAWRENCE...
EMPORIA...OTTAWA
121 PM CDT MON MAR 23 2009

...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM CDT THIS EVENING...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TOPEKA HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM CDT THIS EVENING. THE
WIND ADVISORY IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. 

STRONG SOUTHERLY WINDS OF 35 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 55 TO 60 MPH
ARE LIKELY TO CONTINUE ACROSS NORTHEAST AND EAST CENTRAL KANSAS
THROUGH THE LATE AFTERNOON HOURS.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

STRONG WINDS CAN TOPPLE TREES...BLOW SINGLES OFF OF HOUSES...AND
DOWN POWER LINES. DRIVING WILL BE DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY ALONG
EAST TO WEST ORIENTED ROADS SUCH AS INTERSTATE 70...AND HIGH PROFILE
VEHICLES CAN BE BLOWN OFF THE ROAD. TAKE PRECAUTIONS TO SECURE
TRASH CANS...LAWN FURNITURE AND ANY OTHER LOOSE OBJECTS THAT ARE
OUTDOORS.

REMEMBER...A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS STRONG DAMAGING WINDS ARE
IMMINENT OR HIGHLY LIKELY

&&

$$

KSZ008>010-020>023-034>037-240000-
/O.CON.KTOP.HW.W.0002.000000T0000Z-090324T0000Z/
REPUBLIC-WASHINGTON-MARSHALL-CLOUD-CLAY-RILEY-POTTAWATOMIE-OTTAWA-
DICKINSON-GEARY-MORRIS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MARYSVILLE...CONCORDIA...CLAY CENTER...
MANHATTAN...ABILENE...JUNCTION CITY
121 PM CDT MON MAR 23 2009

...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM CDT THIS
EVENING...

A HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM CDT THIS
EVENING. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

STRONG WINDS CAN TOPPLE TREES...BLOW SINGLES OFF OF HOUSES...AND
DOWN POWER LINES. DRIVING WILL BE DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY ALONG
EAST TO WEST ORIENTED ROADS SUCH AS INTERSTATE 70...AND HIGH PROFILE
VEHICLES CAN BE BLOWN OFF THE ROAD. TAKE PRECAUTIONS TO SECURE
TRASH CANS...LAWN FURNITURE AND ANY OTHER LOOSE OBJECTS THAT ARE
OUTDOORS.

REMEMBER...A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS STRONG DAMAGING WINDS ARE
IMMINENT OR HIGHLY LIKELY

&&

$$

CAVANAUGH
000 
WWUS73 KTOP 240007
NPWTOP

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TOPEKA KS
707 PM CDT MON MAR 23 2009


KSZ008>012-020>024-026-034>040-054>056-058-059-240600-
/O.EXP.KTOP.HW.W.0002.000000T0000Z-090324T0000Z/
/O.NEW.KTOP.WI.Y.0007.090324T0007Z-090324T0600Z/
REPUBLIC-WASHINGTON-MARSHALL-NEMAHA-BROWN-CLOUD-CLAY-RILEY-
POTTAWATOMIE-JACKSON-JEFFERSON-OTTAWA-DICKINSON-GEARY-MORRIS-
WABAUNSEE-SHAWNEE-DOUGLAS-LYON-OSAGE-FRANKLIN-COFFEY-ANDERSON-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MARYSVILLE...HIAWATHA...CONCORDIA...
CLAY CENTER...MANHATTAN...ABILENE...JUNCTION CITY...TOPEKA...
LAWRENCE...EMPORIA...OTTAWA
707 PM CDT MON MAR 23 2009

...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 1 AM CDT TUESDAY...
...HIGH WIND WARNING HAS EXPIRED...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TOPEKA HAS ISSUED A WIND
ADVISORY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1 AM CDT TUESDAY. THE HIGH
WIND WARNING IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. 

STRONG WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE THIS EVENING...BOTH AHEAD
OF AND BEHIND A FRONT MOVING THROUGH THE AREA. NORTH CENTRAL
KANSAS WILL EXPERIENCE WESTERLY WINDS BEHIND THE FRONT...WITH
AREAS AHEAD OF THE FRONT RECEIVING SOUTHERLY WINDS UNTIL THE FRONT
PASSES. SPEEDS ARE EXPECTED TO BE SUSTAINED 25 TO 35 MPH WITH
GUSTS OF 40 TO 45 MPH. WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO DIMINISH AFTER
MIDNIGHT.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE ACTION TO SECURE TRASH CANS...LAWN FURNITURE...AND OTHER
LOOSE OR LIGHTWEIGHT OUTDOOR OBJECTS.

&&

$$

The office that day

Everything else NWS Topeka, KS issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Mar 23, 4:01 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPDickinson, Geary, Morris44 min
Mar 23, 4:26 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPClay, Ottawa28 min
Mar 23, 4:36 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPPottawatomie, Riley39 min
Mar 23, 5:06 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPClay, Geary, Riley39 min
Mar 23, 5:16 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPJackson, Nemaha, Pottawatomie44 min
Mar 23, 5:19 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPClay, Riley26 min
Mar 23, 5:19 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPMarshall, Pottawatomie41 min
Mar 23, 5:27 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPDickinson48 min
Mar 23, 5:45 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPClay, Geary, Riley15 min
Mar 23, 6:06 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPGeary, Pottawatomie, Riley39 min
Mar 23, 6:28 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPNemaha30 min
Mar 23, 6:33 PM CDTTornado WarningTOPNemaha27 min
Mar 23, 6:42 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPPottawatomie48 min
Mar 23, 6:43 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPBrown23 min
Mar 23, 6:56 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPRiley23 min

Nearby

High Wind Warnings in Kansas, 2009Every high wind warning in 2009

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.