Alert archive / Georgia / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2007

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 68, NWS Atlanta, GA

April 11, 2007Emanuel County, Treutlen County, Georgia

NWS Atlanta, GA issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Apr 11, 2007, 8:49 PM EDT for Emanuel County, Treutlen County, Georgia. It was in force for 26 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Apr 11, 2007, 8:49 PM EDT (00:49 UTC)
Expired: Apr 11, 2007, 9:15 PM EDT
In force: 26 min
Issued by: NWS Atlanta, GA
Area: Counties, with a storm outline in the text

Counties Emanuel County, GA, Treutlen County, GA

The radar

The Robins AFB radar (KJGX), 95 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 00:52 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Jacksonville, FL (KJAX), launched 00:00Z, 0.8 hours before the alert went out and 223 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 643 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -55 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1005 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 44 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 111 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 219 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.6
Supercell composite: 5.3

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS52 KFFC 120049
SVRFFC
GAC107-283-120115-
/O.NEW.KFFC.SV.W.0068.070412T0049Z-070412T0115Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
849 PM EDT WED APR 11 2007

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PEACHTREE CITY HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  SOUTHERN EMANUEL COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA
  EASTERN TREUTLEN COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA

* UNTIL 915 PM EDT

* AT 847 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PENNY SIZED HAIL.  THIS
  STORM WAS LOCATED 10 MILES SOUTHWEST OF LEXSY...MOVING EAST AT 35
  MPH.

* OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO
  STILLMORE.

IF YOU SEE WIND DAMAGE...LARGE HAIL OR SIGNIFICANT FLOODING...WAIT
UNTIL THE STORM HAS PASSED...AND THEN CALL THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE TOLL FREE AT 1 8 6 6 7 6 3 4 4 6 6.

LAT...LON 3244 8250 3233 8251 3235 8225 3255 8214

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Atlanta, GA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Apr 11, 6:55 PM EDT, 1 hour 54 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 11, 6:55 PM EDT, 1 hour 54 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
655 PM EDT WED APR 11 2007

.SHORT TERM /TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY NIGHT/...
UPPER LEVEL SHORT WAVE LIFTING NORTHWARD INTO THE GREAT LAKES AREA
THIS AFTERNOON...SLIGHTLY FASTER THAT MODELS PROGGED.  PRE-FRONTAL
LINE OF CONVECTION HAS PUSHED INTO NORTH GEORGIA THIS AFTERNOON
AND WILL MOVE ACROSS NORTH GEORGIA THROUGH THIS AFTERNOON. A SECOND
LINE HAS DEVELOPED ALONG THE FRONT AND WILL MOVE INTO NORTHWEST
GEORGIA BETWEEN 22 AND 23Z. MODELS DIFFER ON HOW FAST FRONT WILL
PUSH THROUGH WITH GFS/ECMWF FASTER THAN NAM SOLUTION. WILL LEAN
CLOSER TO SLOWER NAM SOLUTION FOR IMMEDIATE SHORT TERM...AS GFS
APPEARS TOO FAST TO BREAK DOWN IN SITU WEDGE. EASTERLY FLOW NOTED
INTO PORTIONS OF EASTERN ALABAMA CURRENTLY AND IN SITU WEDGE WILL
KEEP ALL BUT AREAS WEST OF A LAGRANGE TO CANTON LINE TOO STABLE
FOR ANYTHING BUT ELEVATED CONVECTION.  BEST INSTABILITY AND SHEAR
NOTED JUST AHEAD OF FRONT OVER PORTIONS OF NORTHWEST GEORGIA THIS
EVENING...WITH MOST UNSTABLE CAPES...LAPSE RATES INDICATING BEST
AREA FOR THREAT FROM HAIL OVER WEST CENTRAL PORTIONS. WILL CONTINUE
SEVERE WORDING FOR STORMS OVER WEST GEORGIA...BELIEVE THE MAIN
THREAT ACROSS NORTHWEST GEORGIA WILL BE DAMAGING WINDS BUT CANNOT
RULE OUT AN ISOLATED TORNADO ALTHOUGH TORNADO THREAT APPEARS
MINIMAL AS BETTER SHEAR SHIFTS NORTH OF FORECAST AREA AS FRONT
APPROACHES. FURTHER SOUTH OVER WEST CENTRAL GEORGIA...LARGE HAIL
WILL BE THE MAIN THREAT. TIMING OF SEVERE WEATHER WILL BE BETWEEN
22-03Z. FRONT EXITS FORECAST AREA BY THURSDAY MORNING WITH DRY AIR
FILTERING INTO THE SOUTHEAST AS SURFACE HIGH BUILDS INTO BEHIND
THE EXITING FRONT. TEMPERATURES BEHIND THE FRONT ARE MILD...AND
GUIDANCE SHOWING GOOD WARM UP ON THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. TEMPERATURES
TOMORROW NIGHT WILL BE SLIGHTLY COOLER THAN TONIGHT AS MOSTLY
CLEAR SKIES AND DIMINISHING WINDS WILL ALLOW SOME RADIATIONAL
COOLING.

.LONG TERM /SATURDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
A STRONG...BROAD SHORT WAVE ROTATES THROUGH THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO
THE SOUTHEAST BY SATURDAY NIGHT AND THEN ALONG THE SOUTHEAST COAST
BY SUNDAY NIGHT. AT THE SURFACE...SURFACE HIGH SHIFTS OFF THE
SOUTHEAST COAST ON SATURDAY AS A COLD FRONT PUSHES EASTWARD.
EXTENDED MODELS SHOW SOME DISCREPANCIES AS FAR AS TIMING OF THE
COLD FRONT AND CONVECTION AHEAD/ALONG IT WHICH WILL IMPACT
STRENGTH OF THUNDERSTORMS. DGEX/GFS A BIT FASTER BRINGING FRONT
INTO AREA BY LATE AFTERNOON WITH ECMWF HOLDING OFF UNTIL EARLY
EVENING. FRONT SLOWS DOWN SATURDAY NIGHT AND SUNDAY EXITING
FORECAST AREA SUNDAY AFTERNOON. WEAK RIDGING BUILDS OVER THE AREA
TUESDAY AND EARLY WEDNESDAY...AHEAD OF THE NEXT SHORT WAVE WHICH
MOVES INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. EXTENDED MODELS ARE IN
GOOD AGREEMENT AS FAR AS TIMING AND INTENSITY OF UPPER LEVEL
FEATURES. EXTENDED MODELS DIVERGE FURTHER EARLY PORTIONS OF NEXT
WEEK AS GFS BUILDS SURFACE HIGH...DRIER AIR INTO FORECAST AREA
MONDAY AND TUESDAY AHEAD OF INVERTED SURFACE TROUGH WHICH AFFECTS
AREA ON DAY 7. ECMWF BRINGS WARM FRONT NORTHWARD ACROSS THE AREA
TUESDAY AHEAD OF APPROACHING SYSTEM. WILL NEED TO CONTINUE TO
MONITOR UNFOLDING SITUATION. HAVE STAYED CLOSE TO GUIDANCE
TEMPERATURES THROUGH THE EXTENDED EXCEPT SUNDAY AND MONDAY WHERE
IT LOOKS LIKE MODELS WARMING TEMPERATURES TOO QUICKLY.

&&

.FIRE WEATHER...
WILL CONTINUE FIRE WEATHER WATCH ACROSS CENTRAL PORTIONS FOR
TOMORROW AFTERNOON. ALTHOUGH CHANCES FOR RAINFALL IS NOT AS GOOD
AS ACROSS NORTH GEORGIA THIS EVENING ANY RAINFALL WILL IMPACT TEN
HOUR FUEL MOISTURES FOR TOMORROW. IF MEASURABLE RAINFALL DOES MISS
CENTRAL PORTIONS TONIGHT...WIND GUSTS TOMORROW AFTERNOON WILL MEET
CRITERIA FOR RED FLAG WARNING. CURRENTLY THE LINE OF CONVECTION
ASSOCIATED WITH THE FRONT WILL PUSH INTO PORTIONS OF WEST CENTRAL
GEORGIA BUT SHOULD START TO WEAKEN AS THE FRONT PROGRESSES
EASTWARD.

&&

.AVIATION...WEDGE HOLDING ACROSS EXTREME NORTH GA THIS EVENING.
STRONGEST STORMS MOST LIKELY CSG-MCN AND SOUTH. CONVECTION SHOULD BE
DIMINISHING AFTER 03Z. IFR CEILINGS UNTIL SURFACE FRONT MOVES ACROSS
THE AREA...AFTER 03Z. CEILING IMPROVING AFTER THAT...BECOMING MOSTLY
MID/HIGH WITH WINDS BECOMING WEST TO NORTHWEST 10 MPH. VISIBILITY
BELOW 3SM IN RAIN/FOG IMPROVING TO 5SM OR GREATER BY 03Z.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
ATHENS          46  70  42  74  50 /  60   5   5   5  20
ATLANTA         48  69  44  72  57 /  60   5   5   5  20
BLAIRSVILLE     42  65  34  68  50 /  60  10   5  10  20
CARTERSVILLE    43  68  37  69  52 /  60   5   5   5  30
COLUMBUS        51  76  45  79  57 /  40   5   5   5  10
GAINESVILLE     46  69  41  72  51 /  60  10   5   5  20
MACON           48  76  42  79  55 /  50   5   5   5  10
ROME            42  69  38  71  55 /  60   5   5  10  40
PEACHTREE CITY  43  70  37  75  53 /  50   5   5   5  20
VIDALIA         55  79  44  79  54 /  40   5   5   5   5

&&

.FFC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
FIRE WEATHER WATCH FROM THURSDAY AFTERNOON THROUGH THURSDAY
EVENING FOR THE FOLLOWING ZONES ACROSS CENTRAL GEORGIA:
BALDWIN...BIBB...BLECKLEY...CHATTAHOOCHEE...CRAWFORD...CRISP...
DODGE...DOOLY...EMANUEL...GLASCOCK...HANCOCK...HARRIS...
HOUSTON...JEFFERSON...JOHNSON...JONES...LAMAR...LAURENS...
MACON...MARION...MERIWETHER...MONROE...MONTGOMERY...MUSCOGEE...
PEACH...PIKE...PULASKI...SCHLEY...STEWART...SUMTER...TALBOT...
TAYLOR...TELFAIR...TOOMBS...TREUTLEN...TROUP...TWIGGS...
UPSON...WARREN...WASHINGTON...WEBSTER...WHEELER...WILCOX...
WILKINSON.

&&

12/41

Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 11, 11:15 AM EDT, 9 hours 34 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
1115 AM EDT WED APR 11 2007

GAZ001>009-011>016-019>025-027-030>039-041>062-066>076-078>086-
089>098-102>113-121100-
BALDWIN-BANKS-BARROW-BARTOW-BIBB-BLECKLEY-BUTTS-CARROLL-CATOOSA-
CHATTAHOOCHEE-CHATTOOGA-CHEROKEE-CLARKE-CLAYTON-COBB-COWETA-
CRAWFORD-CRISP-DADE-DAWSON-DEKALB-DODGE-DOOLY-DOUGLAS-EMANUEL-
FANNIN-FAYETTE-FLOYD-FORSYTH-GILMER-GLASCOCK-GORDON-GREENE-
GWINNETT-HALL-HANCOCK-HARALSON-HARRIS-HEARD-HENRY-HOUSTON-JACKSON-
JASPER-JEFFERSON-JOHNSON-JONES-LAMAR-LAURENS-LUMPKIN-MACON-
MADISON-MARION-MERIWETHER-MONROE-MONTGOMERY-MORGAN-MURRAY-
MUSCOGEE-NEWTON-NORTH FULTON-OCONEE-OGLETHORPE-PAULDING-PEACH-
PICKENS-PIKE-POLK-PULASKI-PUTNAM-ROCKDALE-SCHLEY-SOUTH FULTON-
SPALDING-STEWART-SUMTER-TALBOT-TALIAFERRO-TAYLOR-TELFAIR-TOOMBS-
TOWNS-TREUTLEN-TROUP-TWIGGS-UNION-UPSON-WALKER-WALTON-WARREN-
WASHINGTON-WEBSTER-WHEELER-WHITE-WHITFIELD-WILCOX-WILKES-
WILKINSON-
1115 AM EDT WED APR 11 2007

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTH AND CENTRAL GEORGIA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT
SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS EXPECTED ACROSS NORTH AND CENTRAL GEORGIA
THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING...WITH ISOLATED SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
POSSIBLE ACROSS PORTIONS OF WEST GEORGIA.

.SYNOPSIS...
HIGH PRESSURE CENTERED JUST OFF THE MID ATLANTIC COAST WILL CONTINUE
TO BUILD SOUTHWEST TODAY...WEDGING DOWN THE APPALACHIANS INTO
NORTHEAST AND NORTH CENTRAL GEORGIA. MEANWHILE...A COLD FRONT WILL
APPROACH WEST GEORGIA THIS AFTERNOON FROM THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
REGION...SWEEPING ACROSS THE REGION OVERNIGHT.

.PRIMARY HAZARDS...
THE PRIMARY HAZARDS FROM THE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE DAMAGING WINDS
AND LARGE HAIL. THE BEST CHANCE FOR SEVERE STORMS WILL BE ALONG
AND WEST OF A LINE FROM DALTON TO ATLANTA TO AMERICUS. THE BEST
TIME WILL BE BETWEEN THE HOURS OF 3 PM AND 9 PM.

.DISCUSSION...
SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP AND MOVE ACROSS
NORTH AND CENTRAL GEORGIA TODAY...AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT MAKING ITS
WAY EAST FROM THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. THE ATMOSPHERE AHEAD OF THE
FRONT IS EXPECTED TO DESTABILIZE...WITH CAPES IN THE 500 TO 1000
RANGE AND LIFTED INDICES FROM ZERO TO MINUS 3 ACROSS WEST AND
CENTRAL GEORGIA THIS AFTERNOON. A FEW OF THE THUNDERSTORMS COULD
BECOME SEVERE WITH LARGE HAIL AND STRONG WINDS BEING THE MAIN
THREAT.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY
THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY SATURDAY THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT. SOME OF
THESE STORMS COULD BE SEVERE. OTHERWISE...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS
EXPECTED.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...
SPOTTERS SHOULD MONITOR THE LATEST INFORMATION AND BE READY FOR
POSSIBLE ACTIVATION THIS AFTERNOON.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Apr 11, 8:00 PM EDT, 49 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
800 PM EDT WED APR 11 2007

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0753 PM     HAIL             FORT BENNING            32.35N 84.97W
04/11/2007  E1.00 INCH       CHATTAHOOCHEE      GA   AMATEUR RADIO

&&

SNELSON

Local storm report, Apr 11, 8:02 PM EDT, 47 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
802 PM EDT WED APR 11 2007

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0755 PM     HAIL             FORT BENNING            32.35N 84.97W
04/11/2007  M1.50 INCH       CHATTAHOOCHEE      GA   OTHER FEDERAL

            MEASURED BY WEATHER OBSERVER AT FORT BENNING. WIND GUST
            TO 43 KTS ALSO REPORTED.

&&

SNELSON

Local storm report, Apr 11, 8:04 PM EDT, 45 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
804 PM EDT WED APR 11 2007

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0755 PM     HAIL             5 SE COLUMBUS           32.42N 84.91W
04/11/2007  E0.75 INCH       MUSCOGEE           GA   PUBLIC

&&

SNELSON

Local storm report, Apr 11, 8:33 PM EDT, 16 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
833 PM EDT WED APR 11 2007

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0815 PM     HAIL             CUSSETA                 32.30N 84.78W
04/11/2007  E1.00 INCH       CHATTAHOOCHEE      GA   COUNTY OFFICIAL

&&

MGRIESIN

Special weather statement, Apr 11, 8:38 PM EDT, 11 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
838 PM EDT WED APR 11 2007

GAZ086-098-120115-
838 PM EDT WED APR 11 2007

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT FOR HAIL A HALF INCH IN DIAMETER
AND 40 MPH WINDS IN TREUTLEN AND EMANUEL COUNTIES UNTIL 915 PM EDT...

AT 833 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
STRONG THUNDERSTORM OVER ZAIDEE...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH.

THIS STORM HAS THE POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE HAIL A HALF INCH IN
DIAMETER...FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING AND WIND GUSTS TO 40
MPH AS IT MOVES ACROSS PORTIONS OF TREUTLEN AND EMANUEL COUNTIES
THROUGH 915 PM EDT. SOME LOCATIONS IN THE PATH OF THIS STORM INCLUDE
ZAIDEE...LEXSY...NUNEZ...GEORGE L. SMITH STATE
PARK...CANOOCHEE...TWIN CITY AND GARFIELD. BRIEF HEAVY DOWNPOURS MAY
CAUSE PONDING OF WATER ON ROADWAYS.

Local storm report, Apr 11, 8:41 PM EDT, 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
841 PM EDT WED APR 11 2007

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0750 PM     HAIL             6 SE COLUMBUS           32.41N 84.90W
04/11/2007  E1.75 INCH       MUSCOGEE           GA   PUBLIC

            GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL REPORTED NEAR THE CHATTAHOCHEE COUNTY
            LINE.

&&

MGRIESIN

The office that day

Everything else NWS Atlanta, GA issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Apr 11, 8:08 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Crisp, Wilcox	17 min
Apr 11, 8:17 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	FFC	Marion, Stewart, Webster	43 min
Apr 11, 8:35 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	FFC	Schley, Sumter	55 min
Apr 11, 9:10 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Macon	35 min
Apr 11, 10:54 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Jasper, Morgan	36 min
Apr 11, 11:36 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Morgan, Newton, Walton	39 min
Apr 12, 1:27 AM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Warren	18 min
Apr 12, 1:35 AM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Washington	25 min
Apr 12, 1:48 AM EDT	Dense Fog Advisory	FFC	Banks, Barrow, Bartow, Butts, Carroll, Catoosa and 46 more	2 hr
Apr 12, 2:44 AM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Jefferson	31 min
Apr 12, 5:05 AM EDT	Dense Fog Advisory	FFC	Banks, Barrow, Bartow, Butts, Carroll, Catoosa and 46 more	3 hr
Apr 12, 5:05 AM EDT	Wind Advisory	FFC	Baldwin, Banks, Barrow, Bartow, Butts, Carroll and 56 more	13 hr
Apr 12, 6:03 AM EDT	Red Flag Warning	FFC	Baldwin, Bibb, Bleckley, Chattahoochee, Crawford, Crisp and 38 more	14 hr

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Georgia, 2007 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2007

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.