Alert archive / Iowa / Tornado Warnings in 2006

Tornado Warning 32, NWS Quad Cities, IA

June 6, 2006Keokuk County, Washington County, Iowa

NWS Quad Cities, IA issued this tornado warning at Jun 6, 2006, 3:53 PM CDT for Keokuk County, Washington County, Iowa. It was in force for 52 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Jun 6, 2006, 3:53 PM CDT (20:53 UTC)
Expired
Jun 6, 2006, 4:45 PM CDT
In force
52 min
Issued by
NWS Quad Cities, IA
Area
Counties, with a storm outline in the text

Counties Keokuk County, IA, Washington County, IA

The radar

The Quad Cities radar (KDVN), 110 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:56 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Jun 6, 4:43 PM CDTHAIL 0.251 Se Washington, IA

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this tornado warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
Jun 6, 3:20 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC6 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Davenport, (KDVN), launched 12:00Z, 8.9 hours before the alert went out and 117 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Davenport, at 12:00Z on 2006-06-06Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Davenport, at 12:00Z on 2006-06-06The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 84 square meters per square second.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-307 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1172 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
24 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
84 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
104 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
-0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WFUS53 KDVN 062052
TORDVN
IAC107-183-062145-
/O.NEW.KDVN.TO.W.0032.060606T2053Z-060606T2145Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
353 PM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN THE QUAD CITIES HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WARNING FOR...
  KEOKUK COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST IOWA...
  WASHINGTON COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST IOWA...

* UNTIL 445 PM CDT.

* AT 348 PM CDT...TRAINED SPOTTERS REPORTED A TORNADO IN KEOTA...OR 
ABOUT 11 MILES EAST OF SIGOURNEY...MOVING   SOUTHEAST AT 20 MPH.

* THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR...
  8 MILES SOUTHWEST OF WASHINGTON BY 425 PM CDT...
  8 MILES SOUTHWEST OF CRAWFORDSVILLE BY 445 PM CDT...

THE SAFEST PLACE TO BE IN A TORNADO IS IN A BASEMENT OR INTERIOR ROOM
OR HALLWAY ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A BUILDING.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 900 PM CDT
TUESDAY EVENING FOR SOUTHEASTERN IOWA AND NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS AND
NORTHEAST MISSOURI.

LAT...LON 4138 9198 4126 9213 4117 9190 4119 9150
      4150 9154

$$
4 follow-up statements
000 
WWUS53 KDVN 062100
SVSDVN

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
359 PM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

IAC107-183-062145-
/O.CON.KDVN.TO.W.0032.000000T0000Z-060606T2145Z/
WASHINGTON IA-KEOKUK IA-
359 PM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 445 PM CDT FOR KEOKUK
AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES...

AT 356 PM CDT...TRAINED SPOTTERS REPORTED A TORNADO NEAR 
WELLMAN...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 15 MPH.

THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR...
  HASKINS BY 425 PM CDT...
  7 MILES NORTHEAST OF AINSWORTH BY 430 PM CDT...

THIS STORM HAS ALREADY PRODUCED A TORNADO AND REMAINS A THREAT. 
ANOTHERE SEVERE STORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A TORNADO IS MOVING 
THROUGH SOUTHWEST WASHINGTON COUNTY.  TAKE SHELTER NOW

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 900 PM CDT
TUESDAY EVENING FOR SOUTHEASTERN IOWA AND NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS AND
NORTHEAST MISSOURI.

LAT...LON 4149 9187 4126 9213 4117 9190 4119 9150
      4150 9154

$$

ERVIN
000 
WWUS53 KDVN 062115
SVSDVN

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
414 PM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

IAC107-183-062145-
/O.CON.KDVN.TO.W.0032.000000T0000Z-060606T2145Z/
WASHINGTON IA-KEOKUK IA-
414 PM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 445 PM CDT FOR KEOKUK
AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES...

AT 413 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A TORNADO.  THIS TORNADO WAS 
LOCATED NEAR RIVERSIDE...OR ABOUT 10 MILES NORTHEAST OF 
WASHINGTON...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 20 MPH. ANOTHER STORM CAPABLE OF 
PRODUCING A TORNADO IS LOCATED IN SOUTHWEST WASHINTON COUNTY.

THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR...
  HASKINS BY 430 PM CDT...
  6 MILES NORTHEAST OF AINSWORTH BY 435 PM CDT...

THIS STORM HAS ALREADY PRODUCED A TORNADO AND REMAINS A THREAT.

THIS STORM IS ALSO CAPABLE OF PRODUCING LARGE HAIL THE SIZE OF GOLF 
BALLS.

LAT...LON 4149 9187 4126 9213 4117 9190 4119 9150
      4150 9154

$$

ERVIN
000 
WWUS53 KDVN 062130
SVSDVN

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
430 PM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

IAC107-062140-
/O.CAN.KDVN.TO.W.0032.000000T0000Z-060606T2145Z/
KEOKUK IA-
430 PM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR KEOKUK COUNTY IS CANCELLED...

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM THAT WAS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A TORNADO HAS 
MOVED OUT OF THE WARNED AREA. THEREFORE THE TORNADO WARNING HAS BEEN 
CANCELLED.


A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 900 PM CDT
TUESDAY EVENING FOR SOUTHEASTERN IOWA AND NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS AND
NORTHEAST MISSOURI.

LAT...LON 4149 9187 4123 9194 4117 9190 4119 9150
      4150 9154

$$

IAC183-062145-
/O.CON.KDVN.TO.W.0032.000000T0000Z-060606T2145Z/
WASHINGTON IA-
430 PM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 445 PM CDT FOR
WASHINGTON COUNTY...

AT 426 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A TORNADO.  THIS TORNADO WAS LOCATED NEAR HASKINS...OR ABOUT
9 MILES EAST OF WASHINGTON...MOVING SOUTH AT 20 MPH.

THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR...
  AINSWORTH BY 435 PM CDT...
  CRAWFORDSVILLE BY 445 PM CDT...

THE SAFEST PLACE TO BE IN A TORNADO IS IN A BASEMENT OR INTERIOR ROOM
OR HALLWAY ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A BUILDING.

THIS STORM IS ALSO CAPABLE OF PRODUCING LARGE HAIL THE SIZE OF GOLF 
BALLS.

LAT...LON 4149 9187 4123 9194 4117 9190 4119 9150
      4150 9154

$$

ERVIN
000 
WWUS53 KDVN 062145
SVSDVN

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
445 PM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

IAC183-062155-
/O.EXP.KDVN.TO.W.0032.000000T0000Z-060606T2145Z/
WASHINGTON IA-
445 PM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR WASHINGTON COUNTY EXPIRES AT 445 PM CDT...

HOWEVER...THIS STORM IS STILL CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PEA SIZE HAIL AND 
HEAVY RAIN.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 900 PM CDT
TUESDAY EVENING FOR SOUTHEASTERN IOWA AND NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS AND
NORTHEAST MISSOURI.

LAT...LON 4149 9187 4123 9194 4117 9190 4119 9150
      4150 9154

$$

ERVIN

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Quad Cities, IA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at Jun 6, 1:52 PM CDT, 2 hours 1 minute earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jun 6, 1:52 PM CDT, 2 hours 1 minute before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
150 PM CDT TUE JUNE 06 2006

.SYNOPSIS...
THE LOCAL AREA REMAINS IN THE MOIST WARM AIR AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT
TODAY...WHICH HAS BEEN MOISTENED FURTHER BY A DISSIPATING MCS
EARLIER THIS MORNING. ISOLATED STORMS CONTINUE TO FIRE ALONG THE
OUTFLOW OF THIS MCS AND OVER TOP OF THE COLD POOL IN EASTERN IOWA.
CONVECTION HAS INITIATED ALONG THE FRONT FROM NORTHEAST IOWA TO
SOUTH CENTRAL IOWA...AND THIS IS MOST LIKELY GOING TO BE THE MAIN
SHOW FOR THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.
&&

.SHORT TERM...TONIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY...
THE FRONT IS EXPECTED TO BE NEAR THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BY 6 TO 7 PM
THIS EVENING...SO THOUGH WE EXPECT WIDESPREAD STORMS ALONG THE
FRONT...THE EVENT SHOULD BE OVER WITH WEST OF A LINE FROM DUBUQUE TO
FAIRFIELD BY THEN.  BEHIND THE FRONT...WE EXPECT PARTLY TO MOSTLY
CLEAR SKIES AND NORTHWEST WINDS.

WEDNESDAY THROUGH THURSDAY WILL SEE DRIER AIR IN PLACE...WITH UPPER
RIDGING TAKING PLACE.  BY THURSDAY NIGHT...WE SHOULD SEE THE FIRST
IN A LONG SERIES OF ENERGY OVER TOPPING THE WESTERN RIDGE.

.LONG TERM...THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY...
THE TREND DURING THIS ENTIRE PERIOD WILL BE WARM AND HUMID...WITH
PERIODIC THUNDERSTORM CLUSTERS LEADING TO THE POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY
RAINFALL AND SEVERE WEATHER. THE UPPER RIDGE IS EXPECTED TO SLOWLY
FLATTEN...AND GRADUALLY BE REPLACED BY A WEAK TROF.  THIS WILL KEEP
THE MIDWEST ZONAL...BUT WITH ENERGY IN THE UPPER LEVELS MOVING
ACROSS AN EAST TO WEST FRONT NEAR IOWA...STORMS MAY REGENERATE IN
CONSECUTIVE DAYS.  THE SEASONAL REGIME IS ONE KNOWN FOR SIGNIFICANT
RAINFALL AND SEVERE STORMS...HOWEVER THE DETAILS OF ANY INDIVIDUAL
EVENT ARE UNCLEAR. ..ERVIN..
&&

.DVN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IA...NONE.
IL...NONE.
MO...NONE.

&&

ERVIN
Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 6, 5:01 AM CDT, 10 hours 52 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
501 AM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

IAZ040>042-051>054-063>068-076>078-087>089-098-099-ILZ001-002-007-
009-015>018-024>026-034-035-MOZ009-010-071015-
BUCHANAN-DELAWARE-DUBUQUE-BENTON-LINN-JONES-JACKSON-IOWA-JOHNSON-
CEDAR-CLINTON-MUSCATINE-SCOTT-KEOKUK-WASHINGTON-LOUISA-JEFFERSON-
HENRY IA-DES MOINES-VAN BUREN-LEE-JO DAVIESS-STEPHENSON-CARROLL-
WHITESIDE-ROCK ISLAND-HENRY IL-BUREAU-PUTNAM-MERCER-HENDERSON-
WARREN-HANCOCK-MCDONOUGH-SCOTLAND-CLARK-
501 AM CDT TUE JUN 6 2006

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF NORTH CENTRAL
ILLINOIS...NORTHWEST ILLINOIS...WEST CENTRAL ILLINOIS...EAST
CENTRAL IOWA...NORTHEAST IOWA...SOUTHEAST IOWA AND NORTHEAST
MISSOURI.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT

SEVERAL CLUSTERS OF THUNDERSTORMS WILL AFFECT MUCH OF EASTERN IOWA
AND NORTHWEST ILLINOIS EARLY THIS MORNING. THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE
CONFINED MAINLY TO AREAS NORTH OF HIGHWAY 34. SOME STORMS MAY BE
CAPABLE OF PRODUCING SMALL HAIL AND HEAVY DOWNPOURS...ESPECIALLY
NORTH OF INTERSTATE 80 BEFORE SUNRISE WITH THE ACTIVITY EXPECTED
TO DISSIPATE BY 9 AM.

THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE ENTIRE
AREA THIS AFTERNOON. THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP BY MID
AFTERNOON OVER EASTERN IOWA...THEN EXPAND EAST AND SOUTH ACROSS
NORTHEAST MISSOURI AND NORTHWEST ILLINOIS INTO EARLY EVENING AS A
WEAK COLD FRONT PUSHES THROUGH. SOME STORMS MAY BECOME SEVERE...WITH
THE POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE DAMAGING STRAIGHT LINE WINDS OVER 60 MPH
AND HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF QUARTERS. AN ISOLATED TORNADO IS
POSSIBLE... ESPECIALLY IF STORMS DEVELOP ALONG WEAK BOUNDARIES
THAT MAY LINGER FROM MORNING THUNDERSTORMS. THE POTENTIAL FOR
SEVERE WEATHER WILL END OVER THE AREA BY SUNSET.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY

THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE EACH DAY FROM FRIDAY THROUGH MONDAY.
IT IS TOO EARLY TO DETERMINE THE POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE WEATHER.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

STORM SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

SHEETS

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jun 6, 2:44 PM CDT, 1 hour 9 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
244 PM CDT TUE JUN 06 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0235 PM     HAIL             4 E HIAWATHA            42.05N 91.61W
06/06/2006  E0.75 INCH       LINN               IA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            ESTIMATED 1/2 TO 1 INCH OF RAIN IN PAST 30 MINUTES.

&&

15
Local storm report, Jun 6, 2:50 PM CDT, 1 hour 3 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
250 PM CDT TUE JUN 06 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0230 PM     HAIL             MARION                  42.03N 91.59W
06/06/2006  E0.25 INCH       LINN               IA   TRAINED SPOTTER

0233 PM     HAIL             CEDAR RAPIDS            41.97N 91.67W
06/06/2006  E0.88 INCH       LINN               IA   TRAINED SPOTTER

0234 PM     HAIL             CEDAR RAPIDS            41.97N 91.67W
06/06/2006  E0.88 INCH       LINN               IA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            TWO MINUTE DURATION

0239 PM     HAIL             5 E CEDAR RAPIDS        41.97N 91.57W
06/06/2006  E0.88 INCH       LINN               IA   TRAINED SPOTTER

0243 PM     HAIL             5 E CEDAR RAPIDS        41.97N 91.57W
06/06/2006  E1.00 INCH       LINN               IA   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

15
Local storm report, Jun 6, 3:04 PM CDT, 49 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
304 PM CDT TUE JUN 06 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0259 PM     HAIL             8 ESE CEDAR RAPIDS      41.93N 91.53W
06/06/2006  E0.88 INCH       LINN               IA   EMERGENCY MNGR

            NEAR PALISADES KEPPLER STATE PARK

&&

15
Local storm report, Jun 6, 3:26 PM CDT, 27 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
326 PM CDT TUE JUN 06 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0322 PM     FUNNEL CLOUD     4 NNE TIFFIN            41.76N 91.65W
06/06/2006                   JOHNSON            IA   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

15
Local storm report, Jun 6, 3:35 PM CDT, 18 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
335 PM CDT TUE JUN 06 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0320 PM     FUNNEL CLOUD     WILLIAMSBURG            41.67N 92.01W
06/06/2006                   IOWA               IA   PUBLIC

            MULTIPLE PUBLIC REPORTS OF FUNNELS ALONG INTERSTATE
            HIGHWAY

0331 PM     HAIL             1 S SOLON               41.79N 91.49W
06/06/2006  E1.75 INCH       JOHNSON            IA   LAW ENFORCEMENT

&&

15
Local storm report, Jun 6, 3:39 PM CDT, 14 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
339 PM CDT TUE JUN 06 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0319 PM     FUNNEL CLOUD     7 W IOWA CITY           41.66N 91.67W
06/06/2006                   JOHNSON            IA   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            NUMEROUS PUBLIC REPORTS OF FUNNEL CLOUDS ALONG INTERSTATE
            80

0332 PM     HAIL             MORSE                   41.75N 91.43W
06/06/2006  E1.75 INCH       JOHNSON            IA   LAW ENFORCEMENT

&&

15

The office that day

Everything else NWS Quad Cities, IA issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jun 6, 1:59 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDVNHenry, Jefferson, Lee25 min
Jun 6, 2:03 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDVNLinn57 min
Jun 6, 2:46 PM CDTTornado WarningDVNLinn44 min
Jun 6, 2:57 PM CDTTornado WarningDVNCedar, Johnson63 min
Jun 6, 3:50 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDVNWashington59 min
Jun 6, 4:02 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDVNJohnson43 min
Jun 6, 4:24 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDVNJefferson66 min
Jun 6, 4:24 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDVNLouisa48 min
Jun 6, 5:32 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDVNDubuque, Jackson40 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Iowa, 2006Every tornado warning in 2006Tornadoes in 2006

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.