Tornadoes · United States · Texas · 2018

EF0 tornado, Raymondville to San Perlita, Texas, July 27, 2018

From Raymondville to San Perlita, this EF0 tornado ran 1.9 miles across Willacy County on July 27, 2018, touching down at 4:03 PM CDT and reaching 25 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF0
Date
July 27, 2018
Touchdown
4:03 PM CDT (21:03 UTC)
Lifted
4:05 PM CDT (21:05 UTC)
On the ground
2 minutes
Path length
1.9 miles (3.0 km)
Path width
25 yards (23 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Crop damage
$250
County
Willacy County
Touchdown point
26.484, -97.722
Lift-off point
26.505, -97.702
Record number
1807271503-01

What the Weather Service recorded

A sea-breeze induced thunderstorm over Willacy County spawned a brief landspout tornado just east of Raymondville during the afternoon of July 27th, 2018.

The Emergency Management Coordinator from Willacy County, Texas, reported a small tornado briefly touched down between Raymondville and San Perlita. There was no structural damage, but patches of sugar cane were blown down based on photo evidence, and a short video confirmed the brief touch down.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Brownsville Intl, TX (KBRO), 12:00Z

9.1 hours before the tornado, 73 km from the path. July 27, 2018.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Brownsville Intl, TX at 12:00Z on 2018-07-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 2282 joules per kilogram, CIN -8, lifted condensation level 781 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Brownsville Intl, TX at 12:00Z on 2018-07-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -36 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 13 knots.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
2282 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-8 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1623 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
781 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
13 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
11 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-36 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-94 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.3 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Brownsville Intl, TX (KBRO), 00:00Z

2.9 hours after it, 73 km from the path. July 28, 2018.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Brownsville Intl, TX at 00:00Z on 2018-07-28Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1298 joules per kilogram, CIN -65, lifted condensation level 1321 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Brownsville Intl, TX at 00:00Z on 2018-07-28The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -30 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 10 knots.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1298 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-65 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1870 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1321 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
10 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
5 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-30 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
64 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
7.4 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Harlingen International Airport (HRL), 30 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
19:05 UTC150° 11 kt1014.9
19:10 UTC180° 11 kt1014.9
19:15 UTC170° 9 kt1014.6
19:20 UTC140° 6 kt1014.6
19:25 UTC120° 9 kt1014.6
19:30 UTC110° 9 kt151014.6
19:35 UTC130° 8 kt1014.6
19:40 UTC110° 13 kt1014.2
19:45 UTC100° 12 kt1014.2
19:50 UTC90° 10 kt1014.2
19:52 UTC967490° 10 kt161014.2
19:55 UTC150° 8 kt1014.2
20:00 UTC150° 10 kt1014.2
20:05 UTC120° 8 kt1014.2
20:10 UTC130° 13 kt1013.9
20:15 UTC160° 12 kt1013.9
20:20 UTC120° 15 kt1013.9
20:25 UTC140° 9 kt1013.9
20:30 UTC110° 13 kt1013.5
20:35 UTC130° 19 kt1013.5
20:40 UTC120° 15 kt1013.5
20:45 UTC120° 17 kt1013.5
20:50 UTC120° 17 kt1013.5
20:52 UTC9573120° 17 kt231013.5
20:55 UTC120° 14 kt1013.2
21:00 UTC130° 14 kt1013.2
21:05 UTC130° 16 kt1013.2
21:10 UTC130° 18 kt1013.2
21:20 UTC150° 16 kt1013.2
21:25 UTC140° 13 kt1013.2
21:30 UTC140° 14 kt1013.2
21:40 UTC130° 18 kt1013.2
21:45 UTC120° 19 kt1013.2
21:50 UTC140° 19 kt1013.5
21:52 UTC9568140° 16 kt231013.5
22:05 UTC130° 19 kt1013.5
22:10 UTC130° 17 kt1013.5
22:15 UTC130° 16 kt1013.5
22:20 UTC130° 16 kt1013.5
22:25 UTC100° 14 kt201013.5
22:30 UTC100° 16 kt1013.9
22:35 UTC110° 14 kt1013.9
22:45 UTC110° 15 kt1013.5
22:50 UTC100° 17 kt1013.2
22:52 UTC9469100° 16 kt1013.2
22:55 UTC110° 19 kt1013.2
23:00 UTC110° 16 kt1013.2

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Brownsville radar (KBRO), 71 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 21:03 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2018 tornado in TexasEvery tornado in Texas since 1950Warnings in force in Texas nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of July 27, 2018

6 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
July 273:49 PM EDTEF1Chatham, GA2.4100
July 273:49 PM MDTEF1Arapahoe, CO1.3501$200,000
July 273:51 PM MDTEF1Elbert, CO1.250
July 273:55 PM MDTEF1Adams, CO2.050$100,000
July 274:06 PM MDTEF0Adams, CO3.350
July 274:18 PM MDTEF0Arapahoe, CO4.550

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.