Tornadoes · United States · Texas · 1998

F0 tornado, Leona, Texas, February 10, 1998

This F0 tornado ran 0.5 miles across Leon County on February 10, 1998, touching down at 10:19 AM CST and reaching 40 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $40,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F0
Date
February 10, 1998
Touchdown
10:19 AM CST (16:19 UTC)
Path length
0.5 miles (0.8 km)
Path width
40 yards (37 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$40,000
County
Leon County
Touchdown point
31.150, -96.170
Lift-off point
31.150, -96.170
Record number
27

What the Weather Service recorded

A tornado damaged a house and blew down trees in the Hilltop Lakes community.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
15:45 UTC16:30 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningFWD

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 11:01 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Fort Worth, TX (KFWD), 12:00Z

4.3 hours before the tornado, 215 km from the path. February 10, 1998.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Fort Worth, TX at 12:00Z on 1998-02-10Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 231 joules per kilogram, CIN -113, lifted condensation level 1069 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Fort Worth, TX at 12:00Z on 1998-02-10The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 32 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 45 knots.1939587897117136Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
231 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-113 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1088 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1069 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
45 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
9 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
32 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
61 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
1.2
0-3 km lapse rate
6.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Fort Worth, TX (KFWD), 00:00Z

7.7 hours after it, 215 km from the path. February 11, 1998.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Fort Worth, TX at 00:00Z on 1998-02-11Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -74951, lifted condensation level 1106 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Fort Worth, TX at 00:00Z on 1998-02-11The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -9 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 23 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-74951 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1106 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
23 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
13 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-9 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
13 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
6.0 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

College Station (CLL), 65 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
14:53 UTC6662140° 15 kt221007.1BR
15:18 UTC64.462.6140° 14 kt201006.4
15:37 UTC64.462.6 1006.8
15:42 UTC64.462.6 1006.8
15:46 UTC60.860.8300° 8 kt1006.4
15:53 UTC5755 4 kt1006.8TSRA BR
16:13 UTC55.453.640° 11 kt221006.1
16:31 UTC55.453.6350° 17 kt1007.5
17:36 UTC53.653.6 1008.8
17:45 UTC53.653.6290° 10 kt151009.5
17:53 UTC5453280° 8 kt151009.5+TSRA BR
18:06 UTC53.653.6260° 8 kt151010.5
18:14 UTC53.653.6250° 10 kt1011.5

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1998 tornado in TexasEvery tornado in Texas since 1950Warnings in force in Texas nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of February 10, 1998

10 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
February 108:50 AM CSTF0Wilson, TX0.1100
February 109:25 AM CSTF0Guadalupe, TX0.2200
February 1012:49 PM CSTF1Harris, TX3.04404$3.0 million
February 1012:50 PM CSTF1Galveston, TX1.7504$100,000
February 1012:54 PM CSTF1Harris, TX4.0440$750,000
February 1012:57 PM CSTF1Harris, TX0.5100$250,000
February 101:20 PM CSTF1Liberty, TX0.550$50,000
February 102:27 PM CSTF1Jasper, TX5.030$1.0 million
February 105:45 PM CSTF1Chicot, AR2.050$80,000
February 107:05 PM CSTF0Leflore, MS1.550$3,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.