Tornadoes · United States · Texas · 1973

F2 tornado, Runnels County, Texas, April 22, 1973

This F2 tornado ran 0.2 miles across Runnels County on April 22, 1973, touching down at 1:34 PM CST and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $50 to $500 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mphthis tornado

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F2
Date
April 22, 1973
Touchdown
1:34 PM CST (19:34 UTC)
Path length
0.2 miles (0.3 km)
Path width
50 yards (46 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$50 to $500
County
Runnels County
Touchdown point
31.680, -99.980
Record number
227

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Abilene Municipa, TX (KABI), 12:00Z

7.6 hours before the tornado, 90 km from the path. April 22, 1973.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Abilene Municipa, TX at 12:00Z on 1973-04-22Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1948 joules per kilogram, CIN -65, lifted condensation level 957 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Abilene Municipa, TX at 12:00Z on 1973-04-22The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 0 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 0 knots.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1948 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-65 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1917 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
957 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
0 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
0 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
0 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
0 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
5.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Abilene Municipa, TX (KABI), 00:00Z

4.4 hours after it, 90 km from the path. April 23, 1973.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Abilene Municipa, TX at 00:00Z on 1973-04-23Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 784 joules per kilogram, CIN -43, lifted condensation level 1078 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Abilene Municipa, TX at 00:00Z on 1973-04-23The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 102 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 55 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
784 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-43 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1630 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1078 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
55 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
10 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
102 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
230 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.8
Supercell composite
5.4
0-3 km lapse rate
6.5 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

San Angelo/Mathis (SJT), 61 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
18:00 UTC8166170° 12 kt1010.2
19:00 UTC81.8665.84180° 14 kt1011.9
20:00 UTC79.8865350° 13 kt1011.9
21:00 UTC8066340° 12 kt1011.2

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1973 tornado in TexasEvery tornado in Texas since 1950Warnings in force in Texas nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 22, 1973

5 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 221:30 PM CSTF2Callahan, TX0.3100$500 to $5,000
April 221:34 PM CSTF2Runnels, TX0.250$50 to $500
April 221:34 PM CSTF2Runnels, TX0.250$50 to $500
April 2210:50 PM CSTF1Pulaski, AR0.110$50 to $500
April 2211:55 PM CSTF1Pulaski, AR0.110$50 to $500

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.