Tornadoes · United States · Texas · 1961
F4 tornado, Galveston County, Texas, September 12, 1961
This F4 tornado ran 1.0 miles across Galveston County on September 12, 1961, touching down at 4:15 AM GMT-5 and reaching 100 yards wide. It killed 8 people and injured 200.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
F040 to 72 mph
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
F173 to 112 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
F2113 to 157 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
F3158 to 206 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
F4207 to 260 mphthis tornado
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
F5261 to 318 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- F4
- Date
- September 12, 1961
- Touchdown
- 4:15 AM GMT-5 (09:15 UTC)
- Path length
- 1.0 miles (1.6 km)
- Path width
- 100 yards (91 m)
- Deaths
- 8
- Injuries
- 200
- County
- Galveston County
- Touchdown point
- 29.320, -94.780
- Record number
- 607
The surface observations
Galveston/Scholes (GLS), 10 km from the path, in the two hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Temp (°F) | Dew point (°F) | Wind | Gust (kt) | Pressure (mb) | Weather |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 08:00 UTC | 205° 35 kt | 995.6 | ||||
| 09:00 UTC | 205° 48 kt | 995.3 | ||||
| 10:00 UTC | 205° 35 kt | 995.3 | ||||
| 11:00 UTC | 205° 45 kt | 994.6 |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 1961 tornado in TexasEvery tornado in Texas since 1950Warnings in force in Texas nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of September 12, 1961
5 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 12 | 7:00 AM GMT-5 | F3 | Galveston, TX | 2.0 | 10 | |||
| September 12 | 8:30 AM GMT-5 | F3 | Liberty, TX | 0.5 | 17 | |||
| September 12 | 2:00 PM GMT-5 | F3 | Jackson Parish, LA | 2.0 | 400 | 5 | 37 | $50,000 to $500,000 |
| September 12 | 4:00 PM GMT-5 | F2 | Union, LA to AR | 7.1 | 100 | $5,000 to $50,000 | ||
| September 12 | 4:45 PM GMT-5 | F3 | Red River, TX | 0.5 | 300 |
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.