F1 tornado, Patton to St Augustine, Pennsylvania, September 27, 1998

1. F040 to 72 mph

   Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

   Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

3. F2113 to 157 mph

   Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

4. F3158 to 206 mph

   Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

5. F4207 to 260 mph

   Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

6. F5261 to 318 mph

   Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

7. Unrated

   The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

Rating

F1

Date

September 27, 1998

Touchdown

6:25 PM EDT (22:25 UTC)

Path length

7.0 miles (11.3 km)

Path width

100 yards (91 m)

Deaths

0

Injuries

0

County

Cambria County

Touchdown point

40.630, -78.650

Lift-off point

40.620, -78.580

Record number

653

An F1 tornado with peak winds probably less than 80mph touched down on high ground just west of Patton, uprooting trees along a 100-yard path through the town of Patton, and east along a 7-mile track of intermittent damage to the small community of St. Augustine. Most of the damage in Patton was confined to snapped and uprooted trees. Just east of St. Augustine, the storm lifted the east side of a barn roof off the support beams and set it back down. Buckwheat flattened south of the barn had evidence of vortex swirls. A large pen containing game pheasants had plastic netting blown off and rolled up in a ball to the north of the pen. A couple dozen pheasants were killed, and a fair number flew away. Just north of that farm, a 2100 gallon water drum was lifted off a platform and blown about 1/4-mile east. At the farm east of St. Augustine, eyewitnesses told of the approach of the weather, with lightning, then rain becoming progressively heavy, followed by hail, then horizontal rain and high winds. One person said rain blew in the open windows on every side of her house.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a General Thunderstorms Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 11:03 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

The State College radar (KCCX), 61 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 22:26 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

The live radar over the trackEvery 1998 tornado in PennsylvaniaEvery tornado in Pennsylvania since 1950Warnings in force in Pennsylvania nowThe forecast where you are

5 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.