Tornadoes · United States · Oklahoma · 2016

Unrated tornado, Pocasset, Oklahoma, May 31, 2016

This Unrated tornado ran 0.5 miles across Grady County on May 31, 2016, touching down at 5:28 PM CDT and reaching 30 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unratedthis tornado

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
Unrated
Date
May 31, 2016
Touchdown
5:28 PM CDT (22:28 UTC)
Lifted
5:32 PM CDT (22:32 UTC)
On the ground
4 minutes
Path length
0.5 miles (0.8 km)
Path width
30 yards (27 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Grady County
Touchdown point
35.241, -97.960
Lift-off point
35.242, -97.951
Record number
1605311628-01

What the Weather Service recorded

A line of storms moved southeast out of Kansas on the morning of the 31st ahead of a cold front. Later that evening, additional storms formed along the cold front across central Oklahoma.

Many people observed three simultaneous landspouts west and north of Pocassett. No damage was reported.

Many people observed three simultaneous landspouts west and north of Pocassett. No damage was reported.

Many people observed three simultaneous landspouts west and north of Pocassett. No damage was reported.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
22:20 UTC01:15 UTCFlood AdvisoryOUN
22:33 UTC23:00 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningOUN
23:01 UTC23:45 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningOUN
23:21 UTC02:15 UTCFlash Flood WarningOUN
00:09 UTC03:15 UTCFlood AdvisoryOUN
00:29 UTC03:30 UTCFlood AdvisoryOUN

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Marginal Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 19:56 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Norman, OK (KOUN), 12:00Z

10.5 hours before the tornado, 51 km from the path. May 31, 2016.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Norman, OK at 12:00Z on 2016-05-31Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 682 joules per kilogram, CIN -167, lifted condensation level 1132 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Norman, OK at 12:00Z on 2016-05-31The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 147 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 25 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
682 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-167 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1018 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1132 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
25 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
21 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
147 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
197 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
1.4
0-3 km lapse rate
4.8 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Norman, OK (KOUN), 00:00Z

1.5 hours after it, 51 km from the path. June 1, 2016.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Norman, OK at 00:00Z on 2016-06-01Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1601 joules per kilogram, CIN -10, lifted condensation level 942 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Norman, OK at 00:00Z on 2016-06-01The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -15 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 13 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1601 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-10 J/kg
Surface CAPE
3303 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
942 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
13 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
4 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-15 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
30 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.1
Supercell composite
1.0
0-3 km lapse rate
7.3 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The radar

The Norman radar (KTLX), 62 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 22:28 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

What was reported nearby

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

Time (UTC)ReportWhereCountyRemark
22:59 UTCHAIL 12 N Lake AlumaOklahoma, OK.
23:34 UTCFLASH FLOOD2 Sw TuttleGrady, OKABOUT A FOOT OF WATER COVERING HIGHWAY 92 SOUTH OF TUTTLE.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2016 tornado in OklahomaEvery tornado in Oklahoma since 1950Warnings in force in Oklahoma nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of May 31, 2016

8 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
May 3110:04 AM CDTEF0Clinton, IA0.010
May 315:28 PM CDTUnratedGrady, OK0.730
May 315:28 PM CDTUnratedGrady, OK0.730
May 315:33 PM CDTEF0Live Oak, TX2.725
May 316:30 PM CDTEF1Kleberg, TX0.9200$2.5 million
May 316:41 PM CDTEF1Kleberg, TX2.3400$1.0 million
May 316:53 PM CDTEF0Kleberg, TX0.430
May 317:04 PM CDTEF0Putnam, MO0.020

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.