Tornadoes · United States · Oklahoma · 1999

F1 tornado, Inola to Mazie, Oklahoma, April 22, 1999

From Inola to Mazie, this F1 tornado ran 3.0 miles across Mayes and Rogers counties on April 22, 1999, touching down at 6:47 PM CDT and reaching 200 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $3,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
April 22, 1999
Touchdown
6:47 PM CDT (23:47 UTC)
Path length
3.0 miles (4.8 km)
Path width
200 yards (183 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$3,000
Counties
Mayes and Rogers counties
Touchdown point
36.120, -95.450
Lift-off point
36.070, -95.400
Record number
858

What the Weather Service recorded

Summary of events for April 22 1999:A cold front moved southeast out of Kansas into northeast Oklahoma on the afternoon of April 22. A broken line of thunderstorms formed along the front and quickly became severe as the front continued a steady southeast push. The front slowed down as it neared the I-40 corridor, causing some training thunderstorms and minor flash flooding. These thunderstorms contained the full spectrum of severe weather, from golfball-sized hail to damaging winds to several touchdowns of weak tornadoes.

An F1 tornado touched down in a rural area 4 miles southeast of Inola. This tornado moved east into Mayes County. The tornado reached its widest point of 200 yards in Rogers County. This tornado was responsible for tree damage. For more information on this tornado, see the Mayes County Tornado entry.

This F1 tornado originally formed in extreme southeast Rogers County and then moved east into extreme southwest Mayes County before lifting 2.5 miles southwest of Mazie. This tornado produced tree damage in a mostly rural area. While the tornado reached its widest point of 200 yards in Rogers County, the tornado was about 75 yards at its widest in Mayes County.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

14 minutes of warning. NWS TSA issued a tornado warning for this county at 23:33 UTC, 14 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 00:15 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
22:28 UTC23:15 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSA
22:37 UTC23:30 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSA
22:55 UTC23:45 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSA
23:33 UTC00:15 UTCTornado WarningTSA

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 20:01 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Springfield, MO (KSGF), 12:00Z

11.8 hours before the tornado, 171 km from the path. April 22, 1999.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Springfield, MO at 12:00Z on 1999-04-22Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -64728, lifted condensation level 1444 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Springfield, MO at 12:00Z on 1999-04-22The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 139 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 40 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-64728 J/kg
Surface CAPE
17 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1444 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
40 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
18 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
139 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
123 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.8 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Springfield, MO (KSGF), 00:00Z

0.2 hours after it, 171 km from the path. April 23, 1999.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Springfield, MO at 00:00Z on 1999-04-23Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 316 joules per kilogram, CIN -172, lifted condensation level 823 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Springfield, MO at 00:00Z on 1999-04-23The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 326 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 61 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
316 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-172 J/kg
Surface CAPE
355 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
823 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
61 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
29 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
326 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
336 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.1
Supercell composite
0.8
0-3 km lapse rate
4.8 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Tulsa International Airport(Aw) (TUL), 43 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
21:53 UTC8367200° 19 kt261000.7
22:36 UTC80.666.2200° 16 kt221000-TSRA
22:44 UTC80.668230° 12 kt231001TSRA
22:53 UTC7169 4 kt1001.4+TSRA BR
23:00 UTC73.469.8350° 18 kt211001-TSRA BR
23:11 UTC73.469.830° 15 kt1001.7
23:53 UTC726860° 10 kt1003.4
00:53 UTC716530° 10 kt1004.7

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1999 tornado in OklahomaEvery tornado in Oklahoma since 1950Warnings in force in Oklahoma nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 22, 1999

5 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 227:05 PM CDTF0Wagoner, OK0.350
April 227:40 PM CDTF0Cherokee, OK0.350
April 227:50 PM CDTF0Muskogee, OK1.050$1,000
April 229:50 PM CDTF0Warren, IL0.110
April 2210:27 PM CDTF0Knox, IL0.210

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.