Tornadoes · United States · Oklahoma · 1986

F1 tornado, Jackson County, Oklahoma, May 14, 1986

This F1 tornado ran 6.0 miles across Jackson County on May 14, 1986, touching down at 3:29 PM CDT and reaching 300 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
May 14, 1986
Touchdown
3:29 PM CDT (20:29 UTC)
Path length
6.0 miles (9.7 km)
Path width
300 yards (274 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Jackson County
Touchdown point
34.550, -99.330
Lift-off point
34.570, -99.200
Record number
264

The warnings

35 minutes of warning. NWS OUN issued a tornado warning for this county at 19:54 UTC, 35 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 20:30 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
19:32 UTC20:30 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningOUN
19:54 UTC20:30 UTCTornado WarningOUN
21:00 UTC21:30 UTCTornado WarningOUN
22:38 UTC23:15 UTCTornado WarningOUN
00:10 UTC01:15 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningOUN
00:55 UTC02:00 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningOUN

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Fort Sill, OK (KFSI), 12:00Z

8.5 hours before the tornado, 80 km from the path. May 14, 1986.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Fort Sill, OK at 12:00Z on 1986-05-14Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 2103 joules per kilogram, CIN -131, lifted condensation level 657 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Fort Sill, OK at 12:00Z on 1986-05-14The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 176 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 45 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
2103 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-131 J/kg
Surface CAPE
913 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
657 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
45 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
22 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
176 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
180 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
7.8
0-3 km lapse rate
4.3 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1986 tornado in OklahomaEvery tornado in Oklahoma since 1950Warnings in force in Oklahoma nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of May 14, 1986

19 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
May 142:13 PM CDTF0Nowata, OK1.050
May 143:17 PM EDTF0Pasco, FL1.030$500 to $5,000
May 142:30 PM CDTF0Dallam, TX0.210
May 142:30 PM CDTF0Randall, TX3.050
May 143:00 PM CDTF0Stanton, KS0.3100
May 143:05 PM CDTF1Oklahoma, OK0.250
May 143:08 PM CDTF0Armstrong, TX0.230
May 143:33 PM CDTF0Stanton, KS0.5100
May 143:42 PM CDTF1Jackson, OK6.0300$50,000 to $500,000
May 144:05 PM CDTF1Tillman, OK1.173$50,000 to $500,000
May 144:09 PM CDTF2Kiowa, OK3.0500$50,000 to $500,000
May 145:30 PM CDTF0Baylor, TX1.010
May 146:26 PM CDTF1Okfuskee, OK2.0150$5,000 to $50,000
May 146:49 PM CDTF1Garvin, OK0.523
May 147:30 PM CDTF3Archer, TX20.02504$500,000 to $5 million
May 148:42 PM CDTF0Montague, TX0.210
May 148:35 PM MDTF1Yuma, CO0.530
May 148:35 PM MDTF1Yuma, CO0.530
May 148:35 PM MDTF1Yuma, CO0.530

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.