Tornadoes · United States · North Dakota · 2018

EF0 tornado, Killdeer, North Dakota, June 1, 2018

This EF0 tornado ran 0.3 miles across Dunn County on June 1, 2018, touching down at 4:26 PM MDT and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF0
Date
June 1, 2018
Touchdown
4:26 PM MDT (22:26 UTC)
Lifted
4:27 PM MDT (22:27 UTC)
On the ground
1 minutes
Path length
0.3 miles (0.5 km)
Path width
50 yards (46 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Dunn County
Touchdown point
47.470, -102.840
Lift-off point
47.472, -102.835
Record number
1806011626-01

What the Weather Service recorded

A strong short-wave trough pushed into the Northern Plains, with severe storms initiating over eastern Montana into northeast Wyoming. Severe thunderstorms eventually pushed into North Dakota, where very strong instability and deep layer shear were noted. There were five tornadoes.

This was the first of two tornadoes in Dunn County this day. This tornado remained in an open field. No damage occurred and so it was rated EF0. A second tornado in Dunn County later this day was rated EF2.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down. One was issued for the county at another hour that day.

The county was under a tornado watch, issued at 20:30 UTC and running to 00:54 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
20:30 UTC00:54 UTCTornado WatchBIS
22:01 UTC23:00 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningBIS
22:33 UTC23:00 UTCTornado WarningBIS
22:56 UTC23:30 UTCTornado WarningBIS
23:02 UTC23:30 UTCTornado WarningBIS

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Enhanced Risk, with a 0.05 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 19:50 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Bismarck Municip, ND (KBIS), 12:00Z

10.4 hours before the tornado, 180 km from the path. June 1, 2018.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Bismarck Municip, ND at 12:00Z on 2018-06-01Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -77780, lifted condensation level 1549 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Bismarck Municip, ND at 12:00Z on 2018-06-01The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 438 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 47 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-77780 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1549 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
47 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
32 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
438 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
623 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.5 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Watford (S25), 48 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
20:35 UTC686880° 8 kt1002.7VCTS
20:55 UTC66.266.270° 5 kt101002.4-TSRA
21:15 UTC66.266.2330° 10 kt1002TS
21:35 UTC64.464.4360° 10 kt1001-DZ
21:55 UTC64.464.4310° 12 kt1001.4TS
22:15 UTC64.464.4290° 11 kt201002VCTS RA
22:35 UTC62.662.610° 7 kt1002TS
22:55 UTC64.464.4290° 10 kt151003VCTS
23:15 UTC64.464.4290° 14 kt211003
23:35 UTC5959270° 19 kt251004.1
23:55 UTC60.860.8270° 18 kt251004.4
00:15 UTC62.662.6280° 17 kt261006.4

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Bismarck radar (KBIS), 175 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 22:26 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

What was reported nearby

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

Time (UTC)ReportWhereCountyRemark
21:29 UTCFUNNEL CLOUD6 Wsw Grassy ButteMckenzie, NDA STORM CHASER REPORTED A WELL DEFINED FUNNEL CLOUD APPROXIMATELY 6 WSW OF THE TOWN OF GRASSY BUTTE.
21:52 UTCHAIL 113 S Watford CityMckenzie, NDLAW ENFORCEMENT REPORTED PEA TO QUARTER SIZED HAIL COVERING THE GROUND AT MILE MARKER 127, WHICH IS 13 MILES SOUTH OF WATFORD CITY.
22:26 UTCTORNADO1 Ese OakdaleDunn, NDBRIEF TOUCHDOWN IN A FIELD. NO DAMAGE.
22:35 UTCTORNADO6 Ene OakdaleDunn, NDMOBILE HOME COMPLETELY DESTROYED. NO ONE WAS HOME AT THE TIME. NO INJURIES. NO DEATHS. THIS WAS LIKELY AN EF2 TORNADO, BASED ON THE DAMAGE EVIDENT IN THE PICTURES.
22:37 UTCTORNADO6 Ene OakdaleDunn, NDSTOCK TRAILER WAS FLIPPED. A TRUCK WAS PUSHED 200 YARDS AND THROUGH A FENCE. AN OLD OUTBUILDING WAS COMPLETELY DESTROYED. ALL ON THE FARM REACHED SAFETY AND THERE WERE NO INJURIES. NO DEATHS. THIS FARM WAS ABOUT ONE MILE
22:41 UTCHAIL 1.58 Ne OakdaleDunn, ND3-5 MILES NORTH OF MILE MARKER 183 ON HIGHWAY 22.
22:41 UTCTORNADO8 Ne OakdaleDunn, ND3-5 MILES NORTH OF MILE MARKER 183 ON HIGHWAY 22.
22:55 UTCTORNADO3 N MandareeMckenzie, NDPUBLIC VIDEO. TIME ESTIMATED VIA RADAR.
23:10 UTCFUNNEL CLOUD6 W 4 Bears LodgeMckenzie, NDFUNNEL CLOUD IS MOVING NORTHEAST. RELAYED THROUGH STATE RADIO.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2018 tornado in North DakotaEvery tornado in North Dakota since 1950Warnings in force in North Dakota nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of June 1, 2018

14 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
June 112:11 PM MDTEF2Washakie, WY1.0300$20,000
June 112:16 PM MDTEF2Johnson, WY1.0300
June 11:34 PM MDTEF0Campbell, WY1.025
June 11:41 PM MDTEF3Campbell, WY3.82002
June 11:55 PM MDTEF1Campbell, WY0.525$50,000
June 11:59 PM MDTEF1Campbell, WY4.650
June 14:34 PM MDTEF2Dunn, ND3.5200$175,000
June 15:53 PM CDTEF0Morton, ND7.3100$5,000
June 15:55 PM CDTEF0McKenzie, ND0.350
June 16:25 PM CDTEF0Mercer, ND1.475
June 17:36 PM CDTEF0Walworth, SD0.110
June 18:43 PM CDTUnratedKent, TX0.030
June 19:14 PM CDTEF0Valley, NE0.040
June 19:59 PM CDTEF0Madison, NE0.150

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.