Tornadoes · United States · North Carolina · 2018

EF0 tornado, (Gww)Goldsboro-Wayne, North Carolina, September 17, 2018

This EF0 tornado ran 0.4 miles across Wayne County on September 17, 2018, touching down at 3:55 AM EDT and reaching 100 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $75,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF0
Date
September 17, 2018
Touchdown
3:55 AM EDT (07:55 UTC)
Lifted
3:57 AM EDT (07:57 UTC)
On the ground
2 minutes
Path length
0.4 miles (0.6 km)
Path width
100 yards (91 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$75,000
County
Wayne County
Touchdown point
35.471, -77.952
Lift-off point
35.476, -77.953
Record number
1809170155-01

What the Weather Service recorded

A ridge of high pressure over eastern North America stalled Florence's forward motion a few miles off the southeast North Carolina coast on September 13th. Hurricane Florence made landfall near Wrightsville Beach early on Saturday September 15, and weakened further as it moved slowly inland. Despite making landfall as a weakened|Category 1 hurricane, Florence still produced 40 to 70 mph wind gusts, enough wind speed to uproot trees and cause widespread power outages throughout the Carolinas. As the storm moved inland, from September 15 to 17, heavy rain of 10 to 25 inches caused widespread inland flooding, inundating cities such as Fayetteville, Smithfield, Goldsboro, Durham, and Chapel Hill, and causing major river flooding on main-stem rivers such as the Neuse, Cape Fear, and Little River. Most major roads and highways in the area experienced some flooding, with large stretches of I-40 and I-95 remaining impassable for days after the storm had passed. The storm also spawned tornadoes in several places along its path. There were 3 direct and 6 indirect deaths attributed to the storm with in the WFO RAH CWA.

A short lived and weak tornado associated with Florence touched down in the pre-dawn hours just east of the Wayne Executive Jetport runway. The tornado was only on the ground for a short amount of time, but did cause some minor structural damage |to a home and destroyed several outbuildings before lifting. Property damages were estimated.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

2 minutes of warning. NWS RAH issued a tornado warning for this county at 07:53 UTC, 2 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 08:18 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
17:52 UTC21:45 UTCFlood WarningRAH
04:50 UTC05:04 UTCTornado WarningRAH
06:12 UTC14:15 UTCFlash Flood WarningRAH
07:53 UTC08:18 UTCTornado WarningRAH
09:56 UTC10:30 UTCTornado WarningRAH
21:45 UTC00:45 UTCFlood WarningRAH
00:05 UTC15:45 UTCFlood WarningRAH

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a General Thunderstorms Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 06:05 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Newport, NC (KMHX), 00:00Z

7.9 hours before the tornado, 124 km from the path. September 17, 2018.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Newport, NC at 00:00Z on 2018-09-17Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 851 joules per kilogram, CIN -1, lifted condensation level 708 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Newport, NC at 00:00Z on 2018-09-17The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 59 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 23 knots.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
851 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-1 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1355 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
708 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
23 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
22 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
59 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
77 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
5.6 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Newport, NC (KMHX), 12:00Z

4.1 hours after it, 124 km from the path. September 17, 2018.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Newport, NC at 12:00Z on 2018-09-17Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 979 joules per kilogram, CIN -2, lifted condensation level 696 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Newport, NC at 12:00Z on 2018-09-17The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 63 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 25 knots.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
979 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-2 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1320 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
696 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
25 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
19 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
63 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
114 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
5.0 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The radar

The Raleigh/Durham radar (KRAX), 53 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 07:57 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

What was reported nearby

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

Time (UTC)ReportWhereCountyRemark
06:50 UTCNON-TSTM WND DMG2 Sse PilotFranklin, NCTREE FELL DOWN ON POWER LINES ON HAGWOOD RD BETWEEN HWY 39 AND STALLINGS RD.
07:55 UTCTORNADO3 Se PikevilleWayne, NCA SHORT LIVED AND WEAK EF0 TORNADO WITH MAXIMUM WIND SPEEDS OF 70 MPH ASSOCIATED WITH TROPICAL DEPRESSION FLORENCE TOUCHED DOWN IN THE PRE-DAWN HOURS JUST EAST OF THE WAYNE EXECUTIVE JETPORT RUNWAY. THE TORNADO WAS ONLY
07:57 UTCTORNADO3 Se PikevilleWayne, NCWAYNE CO EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT REPORT TREES DOWN AND SOME MINOR STRUCTURAL DAMAGE TO A HOME ON MOUNT CARMEL CHURCH ROAD.
09:58 UTCTORNADO4 N GoldsboroWayne, NCTREES REPORTED DOWN ON WILLIAM COURT.
09:58 UTCTORNADO4 N GoldsboroWayne, NCTREE DAMAGE ON WILLIAM DRIVE WHICH IS ADJACENT TO WILLIAM COURT.
10:15 UTCFLASH FLOOD1 Sw WilsonWilson, NCWIDESPREAD FLOODING IS REPORTED. MULTIPLE LOCATIONS AROUND THE COUNTY ARE REPORTING FLOODED STREETS AND ROADS.
10:45 UTCFLASH FLOODLucamaWilson, NCSEVERAL ROADS FLOODED INCLUDING ROUTE 301 AND PLACES THAT TYPICALLY DO NOT FLOOD.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2018 tornado in North CarolinaEvery tornado in North Carolina since 1950Warnings in force in North Carolina nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of September 17, 2018

12 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
September 177:06 AM EDTEF0Wilson, NC0.9350$250,000
September 1710:35 AM EDTEF0Mecklenburg, VA9.2100$20,000
September 171:33 PM EDTEF1Hanover, VA0.7100$20,000
September 172:46 PM EDTEF1Chesterfield, VA8.8150$20,000
September 173:32 PM EDTEF1City of Richmond, VA4.0100$20,000
September 173:38 PM EDTEF2Chesterfield, VA7.535011$1.0 million
September 173:55 PM EDTEF0Powhatan, VA0.775$3,000
September 174:05 PM EDTEF0City of Richmond, VA0.375$2,000
September 174:14 PM EDTEF0City of Richmond, VA1.375$5,000
September 174:23 PM EDTEF0City of Richmond, VA1.475$3,000
September 174:26 PM EDTEF0Hanover, VA0.550
September 174:57 PM EDTEF0City of Richmond, VA1.175$5,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.