Tornadoes · United States · New York · 1980

F1 tornado, Oneida County, New York, July 21, 1980

This F1 tornado ran 0.2 miles across Oneida County on July 21, 1980, touching down at 5:04 AM EDT and reaching 70 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $50,000 to $500,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
July 21, 1980
Touchdown
5:04 AM EDT (09:04 UTC)
Path length
0.2 miles (0.3 km)
Path width
70 yards (64 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$50,000 to $500,000
County
Oneida County
Touchdown point
43.250, -75.300
Record number
691

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Albany, NY (KALB), 00:00Z

9.1 hours before the tornado, 135 km from the path. July 21, 1980.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Albany, NY at 00:00Z on 1980-07-21Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1486 joules per kilogram, CIN -128, lifted condensation level 1287 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Albany, NY at 00:00Z on 1980-07-21The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 110 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 51 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1486 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-128 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1654 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1287 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
51 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
20 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
110 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
232 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.4
Supercell composite
8.8
0-3 km lapse rate
5.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Albany, NY (KALB), 12:00Z

2.9 hours after it, 135 km from the path. July 21, 1980.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Albany, NY at 12:00Z on 1980-07-21Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 775 joules per kilogram, CIN -95, lifted condensation level 884 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Albany, NY at 12:00Z on 1980-07-21The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -88 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 36 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
775 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-95 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1047 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
884 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
36 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
25 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-88 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-35 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
-0.1
Supercell composite
-1.9
0-3 km lapse rate
5.0 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1980 tornado in New YorkEvery tornado in New York since 1950Warnings in force in New York nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of July 21, 1980

1 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
July 212:15 PM EDTF1Crawford, PA3.0101$50 million to $500 million

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.