Tornadoes · United States · Missouri · 2001
F1 tornado, Aurora, Missouri, November 23, 2001
This F1 tornado ran 2.0 miles across Lawrence County on November 23, 2001, touching down at 9:20 PM CST and reaching 200 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $750,000 of property damage.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
F040 to 72 mph
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
F173 to 112 mphthis tornado
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
F2113 to 157 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
F3158 to 206 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
F4207 to 260 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
F5261 to 318 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- F1
- Date
- November 23, 2001
- Touchdown
- 9:20 PM CST (03:20 UTC)
- Path length
- 2.0 miles (3.2 km)
- Path width
- 200 yards (183 m)
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 0
- Property damage
- $750,000
- County
- Lawrence County
- Touchdown point
- 37.050, -93.720
- Lift-off point
- 37.080, -93.720
- Record number
- 524
What the Weather Service recorded
A tornado touched down in the community of Orange, about 6 miles north of Aurora along Highway K. Sporadic roof and structural damage occurred to several homes plus the local firehouse. A church also suffered minor roof damage and a missing steeple, which appeared to have been mainly caused by flying debris. Adjacent to the church, a cemetery had at least a dozen tombstones that had been blown over. The most significant damage occurred to several large poultry houses which were destroyed, with debris landing up to a mile north. Hundreds of trees were uprooted or snapped, including several that were up to two feet in diameter. The tornado then tracked across Highway K and up a hillside before dissipating in the middle of a golf course. The tornado track was approximately two miles long, reaching a width of approximately 200 yards. The damage is consistent with a strong F1 tornado, reaching winds of just over 100 mph.
From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.
The warnings
No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down. One was issued for the county at another hour that day.
| Issued (UTC) | Expired | Product | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01:37 UTC | 02:15 UTC | Tornado Warning | SGF |
Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.
The forecast that day
The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Moderate Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 01:06 UTC.
SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.
The air that afternoon
The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.
Springfield, MO (KSGF), 00:00Z
3.3 hours before the tornado, 20 km from the path. November 24, 2001.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 6 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -199 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 59 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 970 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 48 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 30 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 351 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 377 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 6.2 K/km
Springfield, MO (KSGF), 12:00Z
8.7 hours after it, 20 km from the path. November 24, 2001.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 4 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -5 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 2 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 918 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 77 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 29 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 161 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 134 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 5.3 K/km
The surface observations
Springfield (SGF), 35 km from the path, in the two hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Temp (°F) | Dew point (°F) | Wind | Gust (kt) | Pressure (mb) | Weather |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01:37 UTC | 60.8 | 55.4 | 130° 16 kt | 997.6 | TS | |
| 01:54 UTC | 61 | 56 | 140° 14 kt | 997.3 | TS | |
| 02:54 UTC | 62 | 57 | 150° 16 kt | 996.3 | TS | |
| 03:01 UTC | 60.8 | 57.2 | 140° 14 kt | 995.6 | -TSRA | |
| 03:33 UTC | 60.8 | 57.2 | 150° 16 kt | 994.6 | TS | |
| 03:54 UTC | 62 | 57 | 140° 20 kt | 993.2 | TS | |
| 04:02 UTC | 60.8 | 57.2 | 250° 13 kt | 23 | 995.6 | +TSRA BR |
| 04:14 UTC | 62.6 | 57.2 | 210° 17 kt | 24 | 995.3 | -TSRA |
| 04:35 UTC | 60.8 | 57.2 | 160° 11 kt | 995.3 | ||
| 04:54 UTC | 60 | 57 | 140° 9 kt | 994.6 | -RA | |
| 05:03 UTC | 60.8 | 57.2 | 150° 12 kt | 994.6 | TS |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.
The radar
The Springfield radar (KSGF), 34 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 03:18 UTC.
Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track
Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 2001 tornado in MissouriEvery tornado in Missouri since 1950Warnings in force in Missouri nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of November 23, 2001
7 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| November 23 | 7:25 PM CST | F1 | Logan, AR | 8.0 | 150 | $210,000 | ||
| November 23 | 7:36 PM CST | F2 | Franklin, AR | 31.5 | 500 | 1 | 4 | $2.0 million |
| November 23 | 7:40 PM CST | F1 | Franklin, AR | 8.8 | 150 | $10,000 | ||
| November 23 | 8:24 PM CST | F2 | Newton, AR | 18.5 | 200 | |||
| November 23 | 8:28 PM CST | F2 | Barry, MO | 4.0 | 440 | 3 | $1.0 million | |
| November 23 | 9:03 PM CST | F1 | Boone, AR | 8.0 | 100 | |||
| November 23 | 11:39 PM CST | F1 | Jackson Parish, LA | 9.0 | 30 | $10,000 |
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.