Tornadoes · United States · Missouri · 1996

F1 tornado, Highway 59 to Westboro, Missouri, May 8, 1996

From Highway 59 to Westboro, this F1 tornado ran 5.0 miles across Atchison County on May 8, 1996, touching down at 11:25 PM CDT and reaching 100 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $70,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
May 8, 1996
Touchdown
11:25 PM CDT (04:25 UTC)
Path length
5.0 miles (8.0 km)
Path width
100 yards (91 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$70,000
County
Atchison County
Touchdown point
40.570, -95.450
Lift-off point
40.530, -95.300
Record number
187

What the Weather Service recorded

A tornado touched down 2 miles east of Highway 59 and one mile south of Route C. The tornado traveled approximately 5 miles to the east destroying a barn and a warehouse of a seed company 1 mile east of Westboro.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

24 minutes of warning. NWS EAX issued a tornado warning for this county at 04:01 UTC, 24 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 05:00 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
11:02 UTC15:22 UTCFlash Flood WarningEAX
02:34 UTC03:30 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAX
03:25 UTC07:30 UTCFlash Flood WarningEAX
03:43 UTC05:00 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAX
04:01 UTC05:00 UTCTornado WarningEAX
12:40 UTC17:40 UTCFlash Flood WarningEAX

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Moderate Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 19:45 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Omaha, NE (KOAX), 00:00Z

4.4 hours before the tornado, 120 km from the path. May 9, 1996.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Omaha, NE at 00:00Z on 1996-05-09Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1091 joules per kilogram, CIN -45, lifted condensation level 739 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Omaha, NE at 00:00Z on 1996-05-09The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 94 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 55 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1091 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-45 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
739 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
55 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
14 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
94 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
84 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
3.2
0-3 km lapse rate
5.8 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Omaha, NE (KOAX), 12:00Z

7.6 hours after it, 120 km from the path. May 9, 1996.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Omaha, NE at 12:00Z on 1996-05-09Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 48 joules per kilogram, CIN -80, lifted condensation level 573 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Omaha, NE at 12:00Z on 1996-05-09The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -45 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 44 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
48 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-80 J/kg
Surface CAPE
2 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
573 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
44 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
11 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-45 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-50 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
-0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.4 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1996 tornado in MissouriEvery tornado in Missouri since 1950Warnings in force in Missouri nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of May 8, 1996

17 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
May 82:01 PM CDTF0Jasper, IL15.840
May 82:38 PM ESTF1Clay, IN4.5400$250,000
May 83:20 PM ESTF1Greene, IN0.5200$10,000
May 83:55 PM ESTF2Jackson, IN5.5200$1.3 million
May 83:00 PM MDTF0Scotts Bluff, NE0.350
May 84:00 PM ESTF1Brown, IN2.075$50,000
May 84:15 PM ESTF0Decatur, IN0.775$40,000
May 86:00 PM EDTF1Gallatin, KY2.01007$10,000
May 86:46 PM EDTF0Clermont, OH1.0100$30,000
May 87:15 PM EDTF2Pendleton, KY2.02002$70,000
May 87:45 PM EDTF0Scioto, OH0.550$10,000
May 88:10 PM EDTF0Clark, OH1.0100$10,000
May 88:44 PM CDTF2Gage, NE9.588015$12 million
May 89:07 PM CDTF1Thayer, NE7.0150$2.0 million
May 89:30 PM CDTF1Jefferson, NE1.5100$250,000
May 810:00 PM CDTF1Jefferson, NE2.5100$350,000
May 810:00 PM CDTF0Pratt, KS0.550

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.