Tornadoes · United States · Mississippi · 1989

F1 tornado, Leflore County, Mississippi, April 4, 1989

This F1 tornado ran 0.5 miles across Leflore County on April 4, 1989, touching down at 7:45 AM CDT and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $50,000 to $500,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
April 4, 1989
Touchdown
7:45 AM CDT (12:45 UTC)
Path length
0.5 miles (0.8 km)
Path width
50 yards (46 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$50,000 to $500,000
County
Leflore County
Touchdown point
33.380, -90.480
Record number
97

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
12:17 UTC12:45 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningJAN

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a General Thunderstorms Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 06:49 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Jackson, MS (KJAN), 12:00Z

0.8 hours before the tornado, 124 km from the path. April 4, 1989.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Jackson, MS at 12:00Z on 1989-04-04Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 2069 joules per kilogram, CIN -15, lifted condensation level 627 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Jackson, MS at 12:00Z on 1989-04-04The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 171 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 46 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
2069 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-15 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1325 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
627 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
46 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
31 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
171 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
221 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
2.2
Supercell composite
11.1
0-3 km lapse rate
5.1 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Jackson, MS (KJAN), 00:00Z

11.2 hours after it, 124 km from the path. April 5, 1989.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Jackson, MS at 00:00Z on 1989-04-05Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -10007, lifted condensation level 1211 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Jackson, MS at 00:00Z on 1989-04-05The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -19 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 50 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-10007 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1211 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
50 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
17 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-19 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
68 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.6
0-3 km lapse rate
4.5 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Indianola (IDL), 22 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
11:00 UTC6664270° 20 kt1009.1
12:00 UTC656550° 10 kt1008.5TSRA
14:00 UTC6262330° 13 kt1012.2TSRA

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1989 tornado in MississippiEvery tornado in Mississippi since 1950Warnings in force in Mississippi nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 4, 1989

18 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 47:55 AM CDTF1Leflore, MS1.070$50,000 to $500,000
April 48:45 AM CDTF0Washington, MS0.350
April 42:22 PM EDTF2Floyd, GA4.0150$50,000 to $500,000
April 43:10 PM EDTF1Carroll, GA13.0150
April 43:15 PM EDTF2Bartow, GA3.0150$50,000 to $500,000
April 43:20 PM EDTF2Cobb, GA6.0150$500,000 to $5 million
April 43:30 PM EDTF1Habersham, GA0.313$5,000 to $50,000
April 43:30 PM EDTF2Habersham, GA8.0503$500,000 to $5 million
April 44:00 PM EDTF0DeSoto, FL0.210$500 to $5,000
April 44:09 PM EDTF2Oconee, SC6.050$50,000 to $500,000
April 44:15 PM EDTF2Hall, GA7.550$5,000 to $50,000
April 44:20 PM EDTF2Hall, GA9.0100$5,000 to $50,000
April 44:20 PM EDTF2Hall, GA3.350$50,000 to $500,000
April 44:25 PM EDTF2Banks, GA5.050$50,000 to $500,000
April 44:50 PM EDTF2Greenville, SC5.073$50,000 to $500,000
April 45:18 PM EDTF2Spartanburg, SC2.073$50,000 to $500,000
April 45:45 PM EDTF1Cherokee, SC8.050$500 to $5,000
April 49:29 PM CDTF0Mobile, AL0.323$5,000 to $50,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.