Tornadoes · United States · Mississippi · 1977

F1 tornado, Hinds County, Mississippi, April 2, 1977

This F1 tornado ran 0.1 miles across Hinds County on April 2, 1977, touching down at 5:40 PM CST and reaching 10 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $5,000 to $50,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
April 2, 1977
Touchdown
5:40 PM CST (23:40 UTC)
Path length
0.1 miles (0.2 km)
Path width
10 yards (9 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$5,000 to $50,000
County
Hinds County
Touchdown point
32.070, -90.280
Record number
98

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Jackson, MS (KJAN), 12:00Z

11.7 hours before the tornado, 34 km from the path. April 2, 1977.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Jackson, MS at 12:00Z on 1977-04-02Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 239 joules per kilogram, CIN -282, lifted condensation level 656 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Jackson, MS at 12:00Z on 1977-04-02The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 248 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 60 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
239 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-282 J/kg
Surface CAPE
608 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
656 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
60 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
32 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
248 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
406 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.2
0-3 km lapse rate
3.2 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Jackson, MS (KJAN), 00:00Z

0.3 hours after it, 34 km from the path. April 3, 1977.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Jackson, MS at 00:00Z on 1977-04-03Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1301 joules per kilogram, CIN -10, lifted condensation level 1047 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Jackson, MS at 00:00Z on 1977-04-03The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 145 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 49 knots.1939587897117Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1301 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-10 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1831 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1047 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
49 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
20 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
145 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
214 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.2
Supercell composite
6.3
0-3 km lapse rate
6.3 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1977 tornado in MississippiEvery tornado in Mississippi since 1950Warnings in force in Mississippi nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 2, 1977

14 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 22:32 PM ESTF4Kalamazoo, MI12.418310$500,000 to $5 million
April 22:05 PM CSTF2Waukesha, WI9.31002$500,000 to $5 million
April 23:06 PM ESTF4Eaton, MI16.6613144$500,000 to $5 million
April 23:35 PM ESTF2Clinton, MI3.32236$50,000 to $500,000
April 23:40 PM ESTF2Ingham, MI1.557$5,000 to $50,000
April 23:45 PM ESTF1Shiawassee, MI12.0501$5,000 to $50,000
April 23:58 PM ESTF2Livingston, MI5.6831$50,000 to $500,000
April 24:00 PM ESTF0Highland, OH1.0220$5,000 to $50,000
April 24:30 PM ESTF0Brown, OH1.0220$5,000 to $50,000
April 25:10 PM ESTF1Boone, KY11.63,000$50,000 to $500,000
April 26:00 PM ESTF1Greene, NY1.833$5,000 to $50,000
April 27:15 PM CSTF2Lowndes, MS2.0100$5,000 to $50,000
April 29:15 PM ESTF1Richland, OH7.6106$5,000 to $50,000
April 29:57 PM ESTF1Cuyahoga, OH1.5177$500,000 to $5 million

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.