Tornadoes · United States · Minnesota · 2011
EF0 tornado, St Vincent Jct to Humboldt, Minnesota, July 4, 2011
From St Vincent Jct to Humboldt, this EF0 tornado ran 2.0 miles across Kittson County on July 4, 2011, touching down at 5:08 PM CDT and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
EF186 to 110 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
EF2111 to 135 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
EF3136 to 165 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
EF4166 to 200 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
EF5over 200 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- EF0
- Date
- July 4, 2011
- Touchdown
- 5:08 PM CDT (22:08 UTC)
- Lifted
- 5:12 PM CDT (22:12 UTC)
- On the ground
- 4 minutes
- Path length
- 2.0 miles (3.2 km)
- Path width
- 50 yards (46 m)
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 0
- Crop damage
- $10,000
- County
- Kittson County
- Touchdown point
- 48.970, -97.180
- Lift-off point
- 48.961, -97.127
- Record number
- 1107041608-01
What the Weather Service recorded
By late in the afternoon of the 4th, temperatures had risen into the 80s to low 90s with dew points in the low 70s. This created an extremely unstable airmass over eastern North Dakota and the northwest quarter of Minnesota. A cold front over central North Dakota marched to the east, helping to initiate severe thunderstorms across the area.
This tornado tracked for about two miles to the east-southeast and lifted about three miles northwest of Humboldt. The tornado broke down numerous large tree limbs in shelterbelts. Peak winds were estimated at 85 mph. Wind and wind driven hail contributed to crop damages across central St. Vincent township.
From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.
The warnings
17 minutes of warning. NWS FGF issued a tornado warning for this county at 21:51 UTC, 17 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 22:30 UTC.
The county was under a severe thunderstorm watch, issued at 20:10 UTC and running to 00:18 UTC.
| Issued (UTC) | Expired | Product | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20:10 UTC | 00:18 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | FGF |
| 21:38 UTC | 22:30 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | FGF |
| 21:51 UTC | 22:30 UTC | Tornado Warning | FGF |
| 22:29 UTC | 23:30 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | FGF |
| 22:34 UTC | 12:00 UTC | Flood Advisory | FGF |
| 23:16 UTC | 00:15 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | FGF |
Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.
The forecast that day
The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk, with a 0.02 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 19:40 UTC.
SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.
The air that afternoon
The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.
International Fa, MN (KINL), 12:00Z
10.1 hours before the tornado, 286 km from the path. July 4, 2011.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 392 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -118 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 5 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1095 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 36 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 22 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 171 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 218 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 1.5
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 4.7 K/km
International Fa, MN (KINL), 00:00Z
1.9 hours after it, 286 km from the path. July 5, 2011.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 1540 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -6 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 1794 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1783 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 21 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 11 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 22 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 33 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.3
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 8.3 K/km
The surface observations
Hallock (HCO), 28 km from the path, in the two hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Temp (°F) | Dew point (°F) | Wind | Gust (kt) | Pressure (mb) | Weather |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20:14 UTC | 91.4 | 78.8 | 220° 12 kt | 16 | 1008.1 | |
| 20:34 UTC | 91.4 | 78.8 | 220° 10 kt | 14 | 1007.8 | VCTS |
| 20:54 UTC | 91.4 | 78.8 | 210° 15 kt | 18 | 1007.1 | VCTS |
| 21:14 UTC | 91.4 | 78.8 | 210° 14 kt | 18 | 1007.8 | VCTS |
| 21:34 UTC | 89.6 | 78.8 | 200° 13 kt | 16 | 1006.8 | |
| 21:54 UTC | 87.8 | 77 | 220° 12 kt | 1007.1 | VCTS | |
| 22:13 UTC | 86 | 75.2 | 220° 10 kt | 1007.8 | TS | |
| 22:34 UTC | 80.6 | 69.8 | 10° 27 kt | 40 | 1008.1 | VCTSRA |
| 22:54 UTC | 69.8 | 68 | 360° 18 kt | 22 | 1009.1 | +TSRA |
| 22:55 UTC | 69.8 | 68 | 360° 20 kt | 25 | 1009.1 | +TSRA |
| 23:14 UTC | 69.8 | 69.8 | 60° 5 kt | 1008.1 | -TSRA | |
| 23:34 UTC | 71.6 | 71.6 | 10° 3 kt | 1008.1 | VCTS | |
| 23:54 UTC | 73.4 | 73.4 | 190° 3 kt | 1008.1 | VCTS | |
| 23:55 UTC | 73.4 | 73.4 | 180° 4 kt | 1008.5 | VCTS |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.
The radar
The Fargo/Grand Forks radar (KMVX), 160 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 22:09 UTC.
Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track
Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.
What was reported nearby
Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Report | Where | County | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22:07 UTC | TSTM WND GST 67 | 2 N St. Vincent | Kittson, MN | REPORTED BY CANADIAN METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE. |
| 22:34 UTC | HAIL 1 | Orleans | Kittson, MN | NICKEL TO QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED. |
| 23:05 UTC | HAIL 1 | 7 Ese Hallock | Kittson, MN | |
| 23:17 UTC | HAIL 1 | 1 W Halma | Kittson, MN |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 2011 tornado in MinnesotaEvery tornado in Minnesota since 1950Warnings in force in Minnesota nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of July 4, 2011
6 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.