Tornadoes · United States · Minnesota · 2011

EF0 tornado, Collis, Minnesota, July 30, 2011

This EF0 tornado ran 0.5 miles across Traverse County on July 30, 2011, touching down at 7:11 PM CDT and reaching 25 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF0
Date
July 30, 2011
Touchdown
7:11 PM CDT (00:11 UTC)
Lifted
7:18 PM CDT (00:18 UTC)
On the ground
7 minutes
Path length
0.5 miles (0.8 km)
Path width
25 yards (23 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Traverse County
Touchdown point
45.590, -96.290
Lift-off point
45.586, -96.282
Record number
1107301811-01

What the Weather Service recorded

A thunderstorm developed along a cold front sweeping southward across west central Minnesota. A weak tornado dropped from the thunderstorm in far southeast Traverse County.

The tornado touched down in a corn field near Collis and traveled slowly southeast through a tree grove. The tornado damaged the corn along with many trees with several trees uprooted.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down. One was issued for the county at another hour that day.

The county was under a severe thunderstorm watch, issued at 22:31 UTC and running to 00:54 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
16:06 UTC16:45 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningABR
22:31 UTC00:54 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WatchABR
00:14 UTC00:45 UTCTornado WarningABR

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk, with a 0.05 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 20:00 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Aberdeen, SD (KABR), 00:00Z

0.2 hours before the tornado, 182 km from the path. July 31, 2011.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Aberdeen, SD at 00:00Z on 2011-07-31Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 4943 joules per kilogram, CIN -34, lifted condensation level 961 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Aberdeen, SD at 00:00Z on 2011-07-31The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 102 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 33 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
4943 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-34 J/kg
Surface CAPE
5986 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
961 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
33 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
17 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
102 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
163 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
2.7
Supercell composite
12.6
0-3 km lapse rate
7.4 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Aberdeen, SD (KABR), 12:00Z

11.8 hours after it, 182 km from the path. July 31, 2011.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Aberdeen, SD at 12:00Z on 2011-07-31Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 2478 joules per kilogram, CIN -125, lifted condensation level 710 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Aberdeen, SD at 12:00Z on 2011-07-31The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 69 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 35 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
2478 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-125 J/kg
Surface CAPE
858 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
710 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
35 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
6 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
69 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
205 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
8.0
0-3 km lapse rate
3.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The radar

The Aberdeen radar (KABR), 166 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 00:13 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

What was reported nearby

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

Time (UTC)ReportWhereCountyRemark
00:12 UTCTORNADO1 N JohnsonTraverse, MN
00:18 UTCTORNADO1 N JohnsonTraverse, MNTORNADO ON GROUND FROM APPROXIMATELY 712 PM TO 718 PM CDT. DEBRIS CLOUD OBSERVED BUT NO DAMAGE REPORTED.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2011 tornado in MinnesotaEvery tornado in Minnesota since 1950Warnings in force in Minnesota nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of July 30, 2011

2 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
July 307:13 PM CDTEF0Todd, MN0.725
July 308:26 PM CDTEF0Mille Lacs, MN5.2100$50,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.