Tornadoes · United States · Minnesota · 1982

F2 tornado, Benton County, Minnesota, September 12, 1982

This F2 tornado ran 0.8 miles across Benton County on September 12, 1982, touching down at 4:30 PM CDT and reaching 10 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $50,000 to $500,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mphthis tornado

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F2
Date
September 12, 1982
Touchdown
4:30 PM CDT (21:30 UTC)
Path length
0.8 miles (1.3 km)
Path width
10 yards (9 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$50,000 to $500,000
County
Benton County
Touchdown point
45.750, -93.930
Record number
899

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Minneapolis, MN (KSTC), 12:00Z

9.5 hours before the tornado, 103 km from the path. September 12, 1982.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Minneapolis, MN at 12:00Z on 1982-09-12Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -6452, lifted condensation level 620 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Minneapolis, MN at 12:00Z on 1982-09-12The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 225 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 45 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-6452 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
620 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
45 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
39 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
225 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
163 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
3.9 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Minneapolis, MN (KSTC), 00:00Z

2.5 hours after it, 103 km from the path. September 13, 1982.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Minneapolis, MN at 00:00Z on 1982-09-13Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 53 joules per kilogram, CIN -65, lifted condensation level 562 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Minneapolis, MN at 00:00Z on 1982-09-13The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 119 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 44 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
53 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-65 J/kg
Surface CAPE
138 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
562 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
44 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
21 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
119 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
224 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
-0.0
Supercell composite
-0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
5.6 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1982 tornado in MinnesotaEvery tornado in Minnesota since 1950Warnings in force in Minnesota nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of September 12, 1982

15 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
September 121:45 AM CDTF3Concordia Parish, LA2.0133$50,000 to $500,000
September 121:50 AM CDTF0Catahoula Parish, LA0.510under $50
September 127:40 AM CDTF1Bolivar, MS1.01335$500,000 to $5 million
September 123:00 PM CDTF1Webster, MS0.3100$5,000 to $50,000
September 124:00 PM CDTF2Rusk, WI12.0200$50,000 to $500,000
September 124:05 PM CDTF1Chickasaw, MS0.3100$5,000 to $50,000
September 124:18 PM CDTF2Eau Claire, WI5.0200$500,000 to $5 million
September 125:15 PM CDTF1Monroe, MS0.3100$5,000 to $50,000
September 125:20 PM CDTF0Benton, MN1.010$5,000 to $50,000
September 125:30 PM CDTF1Dunn, WI0.533$5,000 to $50,000
September 126:20 PM CDTF1Kay, OK1.550$50 to $500
September 127:00 PM CDTF2Dunn, WI0.533$500,000 to $5 million
September 127:17 PM CDTF1Chippewa, WI10.0150$50,000 to $500,000
September 127:27 PM CDTF2Eau Claire, WI5.077$500,000 to $5 million
September 127:45 PM CDTF1Chippewa, WI0.533$5,000 to $50,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.