Tornadoes · United States · Michigan · 1999

F0 tornado, Clifford to Kingston, Michigan, May 6, 1999

From Clifford to Kingston, this F0 tornado ran 1.7 miles across Lapeer and Tuscola counties on May 6, 1999, touching down at 4:50 PM EDT. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F0
Date
May 6, 1999
Touchdown
4:50 PM EDT (20:50 UTC)
Path length
1.7 miles (2.7 km)
Path width
0 yards (0 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Counties
Lapeer and Tuscola counties
Touchdown point
43.330, -83.200
Lift-off point
43.350, -83.220
Record number
994

What the Weather Service recorded

A strong low pressure system drifted east across the upper Mississippi Valley during the day. Strong south winds ahead of the low brought warm, moist, and somewhat unstable air into Michigan. These winds were at times enhanced by scattered showers in the area, as well as by a strong cold front that pushed across southeast Michigan late in the afternoon. Sustained winds of 20 to 30 mph were common, with occasional gusts in excess of 40 mph. The gusts were sufficient to down trees in Blissfield, Adrian, Howell, Flint, and Bay City. In St. Clair, a large truck unloading dirt was toppled. The worst damage occurred in the northeast side of the city of Saginaw, where a furniture store was deroofed.A band of showers and a few thunderstorms developed ahead of the cold front. One of these storms briefly produced a tornado that crossed from Lapeer into Tuscola County. The tornado moved across open farmland, and did no damage other that throwing some dirt around. However, the tornado was observed by numerous eyewitnesses.This thunderstorm continued northeast into Huron County, where it downed trees and power lines in the community of Ubly.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

2 minutes of warning. NWS DTX issued a tornado warning for this county at 20:48 UTC, 2 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 21:30 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
20:48 UTC21:30 UTCTornado WarningDTX

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 20:00 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Detroit, MI (KDTX), 12:00Z

8.8 hours before the tornado, 71 km from the path. May 6, 1999.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Detroit, MI at 12:00Z on 1999-05-06Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 70 joules per kilogram, CIN -170, lifted condensation level 1025 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Detroit, MI at 12:00Z on 1999-05-06The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 136 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 31 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
70 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-170 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1025 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
31 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
25 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
136 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
170 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.8 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Detroit, MI (KDTX), 00:00Z

3.2 hours after it, 71 km from the path. May 7, 1999.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Detroit, MI at 00:00Z on 1999-05-07Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 13 joules per kilogram, CIN -2, lifted condensation level 1439 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Detroit, MI at 00:00Z on 1999-05-07The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -1 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 49 knots.1939587897117136Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
13 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-2 J/kg
Surface CAPE
66 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1439 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
49 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
15 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-1 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
48 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
6.6 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1999 tornado in MichiganEvery tornado in Michigan since 1950Warnings in force in Michigan nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of May 6, 1999

5 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
May 64:00 AM EDTF0Fannin, GA1.050$50,000
May 66:02 AM EDTF1Buncombe, NC2.0440$250,000
May 64:40 PM EDTF1Darlington, SC0.220$80,000
May 64:45 PM EDTF1Florence, SC0.120$60,000
May 65:40 PM EDTF1Horry, SC0.720$30,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.