Tornadoes · United States · Kentucky · 1997

F0 tornado, Bardstown, Kentucky, March 28, 1997

This F0 tornado ran 0.5 miles across Nelson County on March 28, 1997, touching down at 7:15 PM EST and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $50,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F0
Date
March 28, 1997
Touchdown
7:15 PM EST (00:15 UTC)
Path length
0.5 miles (0.8 km)
Path width
50 yards (46 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$50,000
County
Nelson County
Touchdown point
37.820, -85.470
Lift-off point
37.820, -85.470
Record number
96

What the Weather Service recorded

An F0 tornado ripped a couple of roofs off homes and 1 building was badly damaged as reported by police and a National Weather Service employee.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
23:59 UTC00:45 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningLMK
01:23 UTC02:30 UTCFlash Flood WarningLMK
01:23 UTC02:30 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningLMK
03:30 UTC04:00 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningLMK

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 05:53 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), 00:00Z

0.3 hours before the tornado, 213 km from the path. March 29, 1997.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Nashville Metro, TN at 00:00Z on 1997-03-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1331 joules per kilogram, CIN -16, lifted condensation level 1544 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Nashville Metro, TN at 00:00Z on 1997-03-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 223 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 49 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1331 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-16 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1559 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1544 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
49 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
21 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
223 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
390 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.1
Supercell composite
11.6
0-3 km lapse rate
7.6 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), 12:00Z

11.7 hours after it, 213 km from the path. March 29, 1997.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Nashville Metro, TN at 12:00Z on 1997-03-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -70159, lifted condensation level 1156 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Nashville Metro, TN at 12:00Z on 1997-03-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 78 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 44 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-70159 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1156 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
44 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
23 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
78 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
202 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.1 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Fort Knox/Godman (FTK), 45 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
22:25 UTC6860.8170° 8 kt1000.7TS
22:45 UTC6860.8140° 9 kt1000-TSRA
22:55 UTC6860.8120° 8 kt999.7
23:03 UTC 998.3
23:55 UTC62.659120° 4 kt999.7
00:09 UTC62.659100° 3 kt1000TS
00:27 UTC60.859120° 3 kt999.7
00:42 UTC62.659140° 7 kt999.3-SHRA
00:52 UTC60.859120° 5 kt999.3-TSRA
00:55 UTC60.859120° 4 kt999.3-TSRA
01:20 UTC62.657.2130° 6 kt999.7TS
01:55 UTC60.855.4320° 14 kt241001.4TS
02:14 UTC5951.8310° 10 kt1001.4-TSRA

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Louisville radar (KLVX), 45 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 00:13 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1997 tornado in KentuckyEvery tornado in Kentucky since 1950Warnings in force in Kentucky nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of March 28, 1997

23 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
March 286:24 PM ESTF1Marion, IN0.173$750,000
March 286:45 PM ESTF1Hardin, KY7.0100$2.0 million
March 286:04 PM CSTF3Hart, KY9.01,200114$1.4 million
March 286:06 PM CSTF0Robertson, TN0.5200
March 287:22 PM ESTF3Larue, KY2.01,2001$3.0 million
March 286:25 PM CSTF2Green, KY3.0300$20,000
March 287:31 PM ESTF2Larue, KY5.0300$100,000
March 287:41 PM ESTF2Marion, KY3.0300
March 287:05 PM CSTF0McNairy, TN0.110$1,000
March 287:15 PM CSTF2Metcalfe, KY10.020016$3.0 million
March 287:15 PM CSTF3Adair, KY15.05007$1.0 million
March 288:40 PM ESTF1Casey, KY10.050$200,000
March 287:45 PM CSTF2Adair, KY1.0200
March 288:45 PM ESTF1Scott, IN1.0100
March 288:47 PM ESTF1Jefferson, IN9.0100$200,000
March 287:50 PM CSTF0Russell, KY10.050$1.0 million
March 288:17 PM CSTF0Hardin, TN0.110
March 289:17 PM CSTF1Smith, TN1.020$50,000
March 2810:30 PM ESTF0Laurel, KY0.120
March 289:55 PM CSTF2Overton, TN5.94402$250,000
March 2810:28 PM CSTF0Hart, KY0.550$10,000
March 2810:38 PM CSTF0Coffee, TN0.520
March 2811:33 PM CSTF2Sequatchie, TN6.0440$100,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.