Tornadoes · United States · Kentucky · 1964

F4 tornado, Calloway and Marshall counties, Kentucky, March 4, 1964

This F4 tornado ran 18.5 miles across Calloway and Marshall counties on March 4, 1964, touching down at 11:30 AM GMT-6 and reaching 250 yards wide. It killed 3 people and injured 24, and did $50,000 to $500,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mphthis tornado

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F4
Date
March 4, 1964
Touchdown
11:30 AM GMT-6 (17:30 UTC)
Path length
18.5 miles (29.8 km)
Path width
250 yards (229 m)
Deaths
3
Injuries
24
Property damage
$50,000 to $500,000
Counties
Calloway and Marshall counties
Touchdown point
36.700, -88.450
Lift-off point
36.880, -88.200
Record number
23

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), 12:00Z

5.5 hours before the tornado, 171 km from the path. March 4, 1964.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Nashville Metro, TN at 12:00Z on 1964-03-04Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 72 joules per kilogram, CIN -32, lifted condensation level 899 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Nashville Metro, TN at 12:00Z on 1964-03-04The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 196 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 47 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
72 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-32 J/kg
Surface CAPE
66 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
899 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
47 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
32 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
196 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
218 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.1
0-3 km lapse rate
5.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), 00:00Z

6.5 hours after it, 171 km from the path. March 5, 1964.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Nashville Metro, TN at 00:00Z on 1964-03-05Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -6916, lifted condensation level 583 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Nashville Metro, TN at 00:00Z on 1964-03-05The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -101 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 65 knots.1939587897117136156Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-6916 J/kg
Surface CAPE
8 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
583 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
65 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
52 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-101 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-191 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.5 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1964 tornado in KentuckyEvery tornado in Kentucky since 1950Warnings in force in Kentucky nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of March 4, 1964

7 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
March 412:30 AM GMT-6F1Mississippi, MO0.250$500 to $5,000
March 45:20 AM GMT-6F3Columbia, AR9.16001$50,000 to $500,000
March 49:00 AM GMT-6F2Dunklin, MO11.51002$5,000 to $50,000
March 410:00 AM GMT-6F2Shelby, TN7.62003$5,000 to $50,000
March 410:30 AM GMT-6F2Tipton, TN6.82003$5,000 to $50,000
March 411:00 AM GMT-6F3Hardin, TN27.63007$500,000 to $5 million
March 42:25 PM GMT-6F3Logan, KY7.28805$50,000 to $500,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.