Tornadoes · United States · Indiana · 1990

F1 tornado, Orange County, Indiana, June 2, 1990

This F1 tornado ran 11.5 miles across Orange County on June 2, 1990, touching down at 7:54 PM EST and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did under $50 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
June 2, 1990
Touchdown
7:54 PM EST (00:54 UTC)
Path length
11.5 miles (18.5 km)
Path width
50 yards (46 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
under $50
County
Orange County
Touchdown point
38.630, -86.600
Lift-off point
38.670, -86.430
Record number
574

The warnings

25 minutes of warning. NWS LMK issued a tornado warning for this county at 00:29 UTC, 25 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 01:15 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
00:29 UTC01:15 UTCTornado WarningLMK
01:48 UTC02:45 UTCTornado WarningLMK

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a High Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 07:14 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Dayton/James M C, OH (KDAY), 00:00Z

0.9 hours before the tornado, 243 km from the path. June 3, 1990.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Dayton/James M C, OH at 00:00Z on 1990-06-03Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1038 joules per kilogram, CIN 0, lifted condensation level 715 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Dayton/James M C, OH at 00:00Z on 1990-06-03The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 188 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 29 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1038 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
0 J/kg
Surface CAPE
897 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
715 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
29 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
26 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
188 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
285 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.1
Supercell composite
6.4
0-3 km lapse rate
6.0 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Dayton/James M C, OH (KDAY), 12:00Z

11.1 hours after it, 243 km from the path. June 3, 1990.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Dayton/James M C, OH at 12:00Z on 1990-06-03Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -11137, lifted condensation level 1429 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Dayton/James M C, OH at 12:00Z on 1990-06-03The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 117 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 66 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-11137 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1429 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
66 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
39 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
117 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
185 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.0 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Bloomington (BMG), 56 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
23:00 UTC7869210° 20 kt1010.2DZ
00:00 UTC7769190° 16 kt1009.5DZ
01:00 UTC7570190° 18 kt1009.5TSRA FG
02:00 UTC7469210° 15 kt1009.5TSRA FG

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1990 tornado in IndianaEvery tornado in Indiana since 1950Warnings in force in Indiana nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of June 2, 1990

67 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
June 211:35 AM CDTF0Van Buren, IA0.527$5,000 to $50,000
June 212:00 PM CDTF1Sebastian, AR2.050$5,000 to $50,000
June 212:43 PM CDTF2Buchanan, IA10.567$50,000 to $500,000
June 212:50 PM CDTF1Goodhue, MN4.050$5,000 to $50,000
June 23:12 PM CDTF1Jackson, IA1.040$5,000 to $50,000
June 24:40 PM EDTF0Lee, FL0.210
June 24:00 PM CDTF2Fond du Lac, WI1.01001$500,000 to $5 million
June 24:00 PM CDTF1Walworth, WI0.250$5,000 to $50,000
June 25:11 PM EDTF0Lee, FL0.210
June 24:30 PM CDTF2Shelby, IL8.06002$500,000 to $5 million
June 24:47 PM CDTF0Douglas, IL0.550
June 25:05 PM CDTF1Clark, IL0.550$5,000 to $50,000
June 25:15 PM ESTF0Vermillion, IN1.040$5,000 to $50,000
June 25:23 PM ESTF0Parke, IN0.550
June 25:28 PM ESTF0Parke, IN0.230$500 to $5,000
June 25:30 PM CDTF1Sangamon, IL8.0200$5,000 to $50,000
June 25:45 PM CDTF4Wayne, IL23.03002$50,000 to $500,000
June 25:45 PM ESTF0Parke, IN0.520
June 25:45 PM ESTF0Sullivan, IN0.130
June 25:50 PM ESTF2Montgomery, IN10.010012$500,000 to $5 million
June 25:53 PM CDTF2Edgar, IL to IN17.5150$50,000 to $500,000
June 25:58 PM CDTF2Edgar, IL to IN8.01006$50,000 to $500,000
June 26:00 PM ESTF0Parke, IN0.220
June 26:07 PM CDTF4Jasper, IL12.52006$50,000 to $500,000
June 26:10 PM ESTF1Boone, IN4.5301$5,000 to $50,000
June 26:10 PM ESTF0Cass, IN0.120
June 27:15 PM EDTF1Menifee, KY2.050$50,000 to $500,000
June 26:19 PM ESTF3Daviess, IN7.0200$50,000 to $500,000
June 26:20 PM CDTF4Hamilton, IL to IN106.0300112$500,000 to $5 million
June 26:20 PM CDTF1Jasper, IL3.050$5,000 to $50,000
June 27:25 PM EDTF1Morgan, KY6.050$50,000 to $500,000
June 26:25 PM ESTF1Clinton, IN6.030$5,000 to $50,000
June 26:30 PM ESTF2Greene, IN10.050$500,000 to $5 million
June 26:35 PM ESTF1Boone, IN0.530$50,000 to $500,000
June 26:37 PM ESTF0Boone, IN6.030$5,000 to $50,000
June 26:40 PM CDTF0Crawford, IL3.050
June 26:43 PM ESTF1Boone, IN7.0305$5,000 to $50,000
June 26:45 PM CDTF2Lawrence, IL to IN5.0501$50,000 to $500,000
June 26:50 PM ESTF4Lawrence, IN11.0400151$500,000 to $5 million
June 27:59 PM EDTF1Newaygo, MI1.550$5,000 to $50,000
June 27:17 PM CDTF4Gibson, IN13.0200660$5 million to $50 million
June 27:20 PM ESTF0Hamilton, IN0.220
June 27:30 PM ESTF2Putnam, IN3.55016$50,000 to $500,000
June 28:30 PM EDTF1Jackson, MI0.520$5,000 to $50,000
June 27:40 PM ESTF2Noble, IN3.52209$50,000 to $500,000
June 27:55 PM ESTF1Jennings, IN10.0402$5,000 to $50,000
June 29:00 PM EDTF1Johnson, KY1.023$50,000 to $500,000
June 28:05 PM ESTF2Jennings, IN18.060$50,000 to $500,000
June 29:10 PM EDTF2Washtenaw, MI15.0160$50,000 to $500,000
June 28:15 PM ESTF0Decatur, IN0.110
June 28:17 PM ESTF0Washington, IN3.530
June 28:20 PM ESTF4Jackson, IN18.02009$500,000 to $5 million
June 29:03 PM ESTF2Washington, IN4.51502$50,000 to $500,000
June 29:25 PM ESTF3Washington, IN41.0150$50,000 to $500,000
June 29:30 PM ESTF2Ripley, IN23.04403$50,000 to $500,000
June 29:30 PM ESTF2Crawford, IN11.01009$50,000 to $500,000
June 210:57 PM EDTF3Floyd, IN12.03007$500,000 to $5 million
June 210:00 PM CDTF4Dearborn, IN to OH33.01,35037$5 million to $50 million
June 210:05 PM CDTF0Crittenden, AR0.120
June 211:30 PM EDTF3Oldham, KY10.0735$500,000 to $5 million

All 68 of them

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.