Tornadoes · United States · Florida · 1983

F1 tornado, Clay and Duval counties, Florida, April 23, 1983

This F1 tornado ran 6.0 miles across Clay and Duval counties on April 23, 1983, touching down at 9:47 AM EST and reaching 40 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $500,000 to $5 million of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
April 23, 1983
Touchdown
9:47 AM EST (14:47 UTC)
Path length
6.0 miles (9.7 km)
Path width
40 yards (37 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$500,000 to $5 million
Counties
Clay and Duval counties
Touchdown point
30.170, -81.800
Lift-off point
30.250, -81.680
Record number
157

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Jacksonville, FL (KAYS), 12:00Z

2.8 hours before the tornado, 32 km from the path. April 23, 1983.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Jacksonville, FL at 12:00Z on 1983-04-23Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 8 joules per kilogram, CIN -32, lifted condensation level 590 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Jacksonville, FL at 12:00Z on 1983-04-23The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 0 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 0 knots.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
8 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-32 J/kg
Surface CAPE
5 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
590 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
0 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
0 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
0 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
0 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
5.1 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Jacksonville, FL (KAYS), 00:00Z

9.2 hours after it, 32 km from the path. April 24, 1983.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Jacksonville, FL at 00:00Z on 1983-04-24Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1086 joules per kilogram, CIN -5, lifted condensation level 1317 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Jacksonville, FL at 00:00Z on 1983-04-24The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 0 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 0 knots.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1086 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-5 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1137 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1317 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
0 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
0 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
0 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
0 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
7.1 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1983 tornado in FloridaEvery tornado in Florida since 1950Warnings in force in Florida nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 23, 1983

15 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 233:30 AM ESTF1Franklin, FL22.040$5,000 to $50,000
April 238:10 AM ESTF2Gilchrist, FL15.0806$500,000 to $5 million
April 238:55 AM ESTF1Union, FL10.050$500,000 to $5 million
April 2312:10 PM ESTF1Marion, FL8.0501$500,000 to $5 million
April 231:30 PM ESTF1Lake, FL3.030$50,000 to $500,000
April 231:50 PM ESTF1Volusia, FL8.040$5,000 to $50,000
April 232:30 PM ESTF1Orange, FL6.040$500 to $5,000
April 232:10 PM CSTF1Elmore, AL0.140$50 to $500
April 235:45 PM ESTF1Bibb, GA2.030$500 to $5,000
April 232:49 PM PSTF1Franklin, WA3.0100$5,000 to $50,000
April 236:17 PM ESTF0Richmond, GA2.0100$50,000 to $500,000
April 233:29 PM PSTF0Adams, WA0.533under $50
April 237:42 PM ESTF0Burke, GA0.520$50,000 to $500,000
April 238:15 PM ESTF1Aiken, SC6.0100$50,000 to $500,000
April 238:20 PM ESTF3Barnwell, SC33.02006$500,000 to $5 million

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.