Tornadoes · United States · Florida · 1980

F2 tornado, Monroe County, Florida, April 27, 1980

This F2 tornado ran 0.5 miles across Monroe County on April 27, 1980, touching down at 12:15 PM EDT and reaching 150 yards wide. It killed nobody and injured 10, and did $50,000 to $500,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mphthis tornado

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F2
Date
April 27, 1980
Touchdown
12:15 PM EDT (16:15 UTC)
Path length
0.5 miles (0.8 km)
Path width
150 yards (137 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
10
Property damage
$50,000 to $500,000
County
Monroe County
Touchdown point
24.670, -81.420
Record number
190

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Key West, FL (KEYW), 12:00Z

4.3 hours before the tornado, 33 km from the path. April 27, 1980.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Key West, FL at 12:00Z on 1980-04-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1230 joules per kilogram, CIN -92, lifted condensation level 1018 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Key West, FL at 12:00Z on 1980-04-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 22 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 37 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1230 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-92 J/kg
Surface CAPE
3382 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1018 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
37 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
3 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
22 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
42 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.1
Supercell composite
1.8
0-3 km lapse rate
5.1 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Key West, FL (KEYW), 00:00Z

7.7 hours after it, 33 km from the path. April 28, 1980.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Key West, FL at 00:00Z on 1980-04-28Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -6058, lifted condensation level 1933 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Key West, FL at 00:00Z on 1980-04-28The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 101 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 49 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-6058 J/kg
Surface CAPE
376 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1933 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
49 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
26 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
101 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
126 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.2
0-3 km lapse rate
5.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Key West Nas (NQX), 29 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
15:00 UTC8275150° 3 kt1013.9DZ
16:00 UTC8074130° 4 kt1013.5DZ
17:00 UTC7974190° 4 kt1013.9TSRA
18:00 UTC686650° 18 kt241016.3SHRA

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1980 tornado in FloridaEvery tornado in Florida since 1950Warnings in force in Florida nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 27, 1980

5 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 2712:05 AM CSTF2Etowah, AL3.8100$5,000 to $50,000
April 273:40 AM EDTF1Hall, GA4.51001$50,000 to $500,000
April 275:30 AM EDTF1Thomas, GA3.673$500 to $5,000
April 271:15 PM EDTF0Brunswick, NC0.110
April 276:10 PM EDTF0City of Richmond, VA0.110

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.