Tornadoes · United States · Florida · 1969

F1 tornado, Orange County, Florida, April 19, 1969

This F1 tornado ran 5.6 miles across Orange County on April 19, 1969, touching down at 3:30 AM GMT-5 and reaching 500 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $50,000 to $500,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
April 19, 1969
Touchdown
3:30 AM GMT-5 (08:30 UTC)
Path length
5.6 miles (9.0 km)
Path width
500 yards (457 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$50,000 to $500,000
County
Orange County
Touchdown point
28.600, -81.430
Lift-off point
28.630, -81.350
Record number
72

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Cape Canaveral, FL (KXMR), 00:00Z

8.5 hours before the tornado, 88 km from the path. April 19, 1969.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Cape Canaveral, FL at 00:00Z on 1969-04-19Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1954 joules per kilogram, CIN -63, lifted condensation level 1117 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Cape Canaveral, FL at 00:00Z on 1969-04-19The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 52 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 34 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1954 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-63 J/kg
Surface CAPE
2591 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1117 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
34 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
20 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
52 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
51 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.3
Supercell composite
1.5
0-3 km lapse rate
7.0 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Cape Canaveral, FL (KXMR), 12:00Z

3.5 hours after it, 88 km from the path. April 19, 1969.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Cape Canaveral, FL at 12:00Z on 1969-04-19Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1795 joules per kilogram, CIN -2, lifted condensation level 523 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Cape Canaveral, FL at 12:00Z on 1969-04-19The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 192 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 53 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1795 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-2 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1476 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
523 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
53 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
29 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
192 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
232 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
2.5
Supercell composite
9.7
0-3 km lapse rate
5.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Orlando/Herndon (ORL), 10 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
07:00 UTC7471230° 12 kt
08:00 UTC7471230° 13 kt
09:00 UTC7471220° 12 kt1008.1-TSRA
10:00 UTC7067290° 10 kt

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1969 tornado in FloridaEvery tornado in Florida since 1950Warnings in force in Florida nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 19, 1969

3 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 194:14 AM GMT-5F2Craven, NC0.110$500 to $5,000
April 195:00 PM GMT-6F3Gaines, TX0.150$500 to $5,000
April 195:00 PM GMT-6F0Gaines, TX0.110

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.