EF1 tornado, Athens, Alabama, December 28, 2024

1. EF065 to 85 mph

   Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

2. EF186 to 110 mphthis tornado

   Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

3. EF2111 to 135 mph

   Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

4. EF3136 to 165 mph

   Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

5. EF4166 to 200 mph

   Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

6. EF5over 200 mph

   Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

7. Unrated

   The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

Rating

EF1

Date

December 28, 2024

Touchdown

11:15 PM CST (05:15 UTC)

Lifted

11:20 PM CST (05:20 UTC)

On the ground

5 minutes

Path length

3.9 miles (6.2 km)

Path width

160 yards (146 m)

Deaths

0

Injuries

0

Property damage

$2.4 million

County

Limestone County

Touchdown point

34.775, -86.978

Lift-off point

34.830, -86.965

Record number

2412282315-01

45 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS HUN, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF1. The highest wind the damage implies is 110 mph.

• Power pole snapped an air-conditioning unit on top of building moved about 15 to 20 feet. Dangling on the edge of the building about to fall.
• Insulation noted in the trees next to the road
• Picture of rebar in a concrete block column of building that was destroyed
• Damaged parts. A helicopter on a metal pole about 50 feet to the north northwest. Also at the side, was damaged and partially destroyed. Flagpoles also severely leaning. Some power poles snapped across the street.

Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.

A potent low pressure system lifted northeast through the lower Mississippi Valley and mid South during the evening and overnight of the 28th. A squall line along a trailing cold front roared northeast through north Alabama, producing strong to severe thunderstorms, which spawned one tornado in Limestone County in downtown Athens, and produced damaging winds in several locations. A couple of narrow swaths of wind damage were surveyed in Lawrence and Limestone Counties with estimated winds up to around 80 mph.

The tornado began by snapping a few large softwood branches on Sanderfer Road just west of the intersection with Jefferson Street. From there, the tornado skipped north-northeast, snapping several|larger hardwood trees just south of an apartment complex on Southwind Drive. The tornado continued northward, snapping softwood branches and a few trees on Commercial Drive, south of Highway 72. The tornado produced its first building damage at the KFC restaurant at this location, blowing a portion of the roof off and strewing it across the highway and into the parking lot of the Taco Bell across the street. The tornado moved northward into downtown Athens. Several power poles were snapped along Madison Street and Jefferson Stret. Quite a few large soft and hardwood trees were snapped and uprooted in this area as well, beginning the EF1 damage portion of the path. Considerable roof damage and debris was then strewn throughout the square near the Courthouse in downtown Athens. Several buildings on every side of the square had portions of their roof removed, beginning with the roof completely torn off of the CEI Bookstore at the intersection of Green Street and Marion Street. From there, numerous other buildings downtown had at least some form of roof damage, with debris strewn to the north-northeast one to two blocks, between the intersections of Washington and Market Streets along Marion Street. Though the Limestone County Courthouse thankfully didn't sustain any damage other than their weathervane on the dome of the roof being bent, the very large oak tree beside the staircase wasn't as fortunate; the 100-year old tree was uprooted. From here, the tornado caused major damage just north-northeast at the Veterans Memorial Park, downing iron fencing and hurling a helicopter that was anchored to a metal pole about 50-60 feet to the west. The worst-looking building damage occurred at the intersection of Monroe and Pryor Streets, where an old warehouse was completely destroyed. It was determined that no anchor bolts were noted along the base of the cinderblock walls of the warehouse with the exception of some rebar that was found near where the overhead doors were located. Winds peaked at 100 mph with a peak path width of 160 yards at the destroyed warehouse location, with additional roof damage observed that followed the train tracks moving north-northeast. Several other businesses in this area had 20-50% (at least) of their roofs destroyed or blown off, strewing tin and debris downstream. Sporadic softwood trees were snapped or uprooted toward the end of the tornado path, along with snapping of large branches on Wilkinson Street just southwest of Airport Road.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

The county was under a tornado watch, issued at 02:10 UTC and running to 06:07 UTC.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk, with a 0.05 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 00:58 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

The Northeast Alabama radar (KHTX), 82 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 05:16 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

The live radar over the trackEvery 2024 tornado in AlabamaEvery tornado in Alabama since 1950Warnings in force in Alabama nowThe forecast where you are

76 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

All 77 of them

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.