Tornadoes · United States · Alabama · 1998
F0 tornado, Opp to Andalusia, Alabama, September 28, 1998
From Opp to Andalusia, this F0 tornado ran 0.5 miles across Covington County on September 28, 1998, touching down at 8:45 AM CDT and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $30,000 of property damage.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
F040 to 72 mphthis tornado
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
F173 to 112 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
F2113 to 157 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
F3158 to 206 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
F4207 to 260 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
F5261 to 318 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- F0
- Date
- September 28, 1998
- Touchdown
- 8:45 AM CDT (13:45 UTC)
- Path length
- 0.5 miles (0.8 km)
- Path width
- 50 yards (46 m)
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 0
- Property damage
- $30,000
- County
- Covington County
- Touchdown point
- 31.350, -86.420
- Lift-off point
- 31.350, -86.420
- Record number
- 685
What the Weather Service recorded
A tornado briefly touched down along County Road 77, about 4 miles southwest of Opp. The tornado twisted several trees and power lines down.
A tornado briefly touched down near the community of Antioch (northeast of Andalusia). The tornado caused roof damage to three homes. Several trees and power lines were also blown down.
From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.
The warnings
4 minutes of warning. NWS MOB issued a tornado warning for this county at 13:41 UTC, 4 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 15:00 UTC.
| Issued (UTC) | Expired | Product | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12:48 UTC | 13:30 UTC | Tornado Warning | MOB |
| 13:41 UTC | 15:00 UTC | Tornado Warning | MOB |
| 16:15 UTC | 22:30 UTC | Flash Flood Warning | MOB |
| 16:54 UTC | 01:00 UTC | Flash Flood Warning | MOB |
| 00:23 UTC | 01:00 UTC | Tornado Warning | MOB |
| 00:59 UTC | 09:00 UTC | Flash Flood Warning | MOB |
| 01:09 UTC | 01:45 UTC | Tornado Warning | MOB |
| 02:02 UTC | 03:15 UTC | Tornado Warning | MOB |
Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.
The forecast that day
The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 11:01 UTC.
SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 1998 tornado in AlabamaEvery tornado in Alabama since 1950Warnings in force in Alabama nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of September 28, 1998
19 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 28 | 8:05 AM CDT | F0 | Covington, AL | 0.2 | 50 | $10,000 | ||
| September 28 | 8:45 AM CDT | F0 | Walton, FL | 0.5 | 50 | $50,000 | ||
| September 28 | 12:45 PM CDT | F1 | Bay, FL | 2.0 | 60 | $250,000 | ||
| September 28 | 1:57 PM CDT | F1 | Crenshaw, AL | 2.6 | 30 | $70,000 | ||
| September 28 | 2:05 PM CDT | F1 | Crenshaw, AL | 0.5 | 50 | $100,000 | ||
| September 28 | 2:06 PM CDT | F0 | Pike, AL | 5.0 | 50 | $4,000 | ||
| September 28 | 2:10 PM CDT | F1 | Crenshaw, AL | 0.5 | 50 | $50,000 | ||
| September 28 | 2:10 PM CDT | F1 | Crenshaw, AL | 0.5 | 50 | $50,000 | ||
| September 28 | 2:18 PM CDT | F0 | Pike, AL | 6.0 | 50 | $4,000 | ||
| September 28 | 2:47 PM CDT | F0 | Lowndes, AL | 6.0 | 50 | $40,000 | ||
| September 28 | 2:53 PM CDT | F0 | Bullock, AL | 7.0 | 70 | $70,000 | ||
| September 28 | 3:30 PM CDT | F0 | Dale, AL | 0.3 | 30 | $30,000 | ||
| September 28 | 3:44 PM CDT | F0 | Bullock, AL | 4.0 | 40 | $10,000 | ||
| September 28 | 4:55 PM EDT | F0 | Catawba, NC | 0.2 | 30 | $20,000 | ||
| September 28 | 5:19 PM CDT | F0 | Elmore, AL | 3.0 | 50 | $20,000 | ||
| September 28 | 5:26 PM CDT | F0 | Lee, AL | 2.0 | 30 | |||
| September 28 | 8:00 PM CDT | F0 | Henry, AL | 0.5 | 40 | $70,000 | ||
| September 28 | 8:35 PM CDT | F0 | Dale, AL | 0.3 | 40 | $150,000 | ||
| September 28 | 10:10 PM CDT | F0 | Okaloosa, FL | 4.0 | 50 | $10,000 |
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.