Tornadoes · United States · Alabama · 1990

F0 tornado, Sumter County, Alabama, February 15, 1990

This F0 tornado ran 0.3 miles across Sumter County on February 15, 1990, touching down at 2:20 PM CST and reaching 10 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F0
Date
February 15, 1990
Touchdown
2:20 PM CST (20:20 UTC)
Path length
0.3 miles (0.5 km)
Path width
10 yards (9 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Sumter County
Touchdown point
32.600, -88.180
Record number
55

The warnings

23 minutes of warning. NWS JAN issued a tornado warning for this county at 19:57 UTC, 23 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 20:45 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
19:57 UTC20:45 UTCTornado WarningJAN
22:49 UTC05:45 UTCFlash Flood WarningJAN
04:23 UTC05:15 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningJAN

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Centreville/Bibb, AL (KCKL), 12:00Z

8.3 hours before the tornado, 98 km from the path. February 15, 1990.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Centreville/Bibb, AL at 12:00Z on 1990-02-15Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 8 joules per kilogram, CIN -132, lifted condensation level 608 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Centreville/Bibb, AL at 12:00Z on 1990-02-15The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 257 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 47 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
8 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-132 J/kg
Surface CAPE
5 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
608 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
47 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
33 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
257 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
402 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.2
0-3 km lapse rate
4.4 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Centreville/Bibb, AL (KCKL), 00:00Z

3.7 hours after it, 98 km from the path. February 16, 1990.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Centreville/Bibb, AL at 00:00Z on 1990-02-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1 joules per kilogram, CIN -65, lifted condensation level 598 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Centreville/Bibb, AL at 00:00Z on 1990-02-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 143 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 55 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-65 J/kg
Surface CAPE
8 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
598 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
55 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
32 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
143 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
239 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.2 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Meridian Nas/Mccain (NMM), 36 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
18:28 UTC300° 8 kt181010.8
19:00 UTC6867270° 2 kt1011.2TSRA FG
19:01 UTC220° 3 kt1011.2
19:20 UTC310° 2 kt1011.2
19:30 UTC300° 2 kt1011.2
19:50 UTC0° 0 kt1010.8
20:00 UTC68680° 0 kt1010.8FC
20:14 UTC0° 0 kt1010.5
20:31 UTC220° 13 kt201010.8
20:50 UTC220° 8 kt1010.8
21:00 UTC6767220° 8 kt201010.5FC SHRA
21:10 UTC270° 3 kt1010.2
22:00 UTC6564180° 6 kt211010.2TSRA FG
22:10 UTC180° 8 kt1010.2

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1990 tornado in AlabamaEvery tornado in Alabama since 1950Warnings in force in Alabama nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of February 15, 1990

10 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
February 1511:11 AM CSTF1Acadia Parish, LA0.8405$50,000 to $500,000
February 1512:52 PM CSTF0Lauderdale, MS8.020
February 151:50 PM CSTF0Lauderdale, MS0.520
February 152:08 PM CSTF1New Madrid, MO0.250$500 to $5,000
February 152:24 PM CSTF1New Madrid, MO0.250
February 152:25 PM CSTF1De Soto Parish, LA2.040$50,000 to $500,000
February 152:58 PM CSTF1Claiborne Parish, LA0.830$500 to $5,000
February 153:10 PM CSTF1Bienville Parish, LA0.830$500 to $5,000
February 153:15 PM CSTF0Webster Parish, LA0.830
February 153:50 PM CSTF1Union Parish, LA0.530

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.