Tornadoes of 1924

1. F040 to 72 mph

   Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

2. F173 to 112 mph

   Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

3. F2113 to 157 mph

   Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

4. F3158 to 206 mph

   Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

5. F4207 to 260 mph

   Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

6. F5261 to 318 mph

   Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

7. Unrated

   Grazulis gave no rating: the surviving account records a tornado without enough about the damage to rate it. Almost all of these are before 1880.

1. F4 Lorain–Sandusky tornado, OhioJune 28, 192485 killed
2. F4, Horrell Hill, SCApril 30, 192453 killed
3. F4, ESE Augusta to N Chelsea, WISeptember 21, 192418 killed
4. F4, ENE Thurman, COAugust 10, 192410 killed
5. F4, Shawnee, OKMarch 28, 19248 killed
6. F4, Wetumka, OKMay 28, 19247 killed
7. F4, S Sanborn, WISeptember 21, 19247 killed
8. F4, Black River Falls, WIAugust 7, 19244 killed
9. F4, Macon, GAApril 30, 19243 killed
10. F4, Bloomer, WIAugust 7, 19243 killed
11. F4, Tracy, MNJune 22, 19242 killed

1. F4 Lorain–Sandusky tornado, OhioJune 28, 192485 killed, 300 injured
2. F4, Horrell Hill, SCApril 30, 192453 killed, 534 injured
3. F4, ESE Augusta to N Chelsea, WISeptember 21, 192418 killed, 50 injured
4. F3, E Lynchburg/N Sardis to Pamlico, SCApril 30, 192414 killed, 144 injured
5. F3, N Empire, ALMay 27, 192411 killed, 7 injured
6. F3, Pine Mountain, GAApril 30, 192410 killed, 35 injured
7. F3, E Bay Springs to Increase, MSMay 26, 192410 killed, 30 injured
8. F4, ENE Thurman, COAugust 10, 192410 killed, 8 injured
9. F3, NW Hartwell, GA/Anderson/Walnut Grove/Moore/S Spartanburg, SCApril 30, 19249 killed, 150 injured
10. F2, Collins/Sandersville to SE Quitman, MSMay 26, 19249 killed, 25 injured

Significant tornadoes only

Grazulis listed tornadoes rated F2 or stronger, and weaker ones that killed somebody. Most tornadoes are weaker than F2, so the list holds a fraction of the tornadoes that happened.

The early years are thin

A tornado is on record only where somebody saw it and wrote it down. The count rises through the 1800s with settlement and newspapers, not with the weather.

Rated from accounts

Grazulis rated each tornado decades later from newspaper reports, Weather Bureau records and local histories, not from a damage survey.

The tracks are reconstructed

Tornado Archive drew each path through the places Grazulis names, most often as a straight line from the first to the last. A track can miss a town it hit, and a tornado with one named place is a point. The counties are today’s.

A separate record

SPC’s database, from 1950, counts every confirmed tornado of any strength. The two are kept apart on every page and never added together.

Every year before 19501950, the first year of SPC's databaseThe tornado profiles

Ratings are Grazulis's, read from written accounts of the damage; the rating scale is above. About the record before 1950 says what it holds and what it leaves out.

Thomas P. Grazulis, Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991 and Significant Tornadoes 1880-1989, as digitized by Tornado Archive (Maas and others, 2024). Public domain. Counties assigned by this site from today’s NWS county lines.