Tornadoes of 1876
Grazulis's record has 37 significant tornadoes in the United States in 1876, which killed 54 people and injured 354. 5 were rated F4 or above. Before 1950 the record is Thomas P. Grazulis’s list of significant tornadoes: those rated F2 or stronger, and weaker ones that killed somebody.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. Grazulis rated these tornadoes on the Fujita scale decades after the fact, from written accounts of the damage. The scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
F040 to 72 mph
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
F173 to 112 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
F2113 to 157 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
F3158 to 206 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
F4207 to 260 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
F5261 to 318 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
Grazulis gave no rating: the surviving account records a tornado without enough about the damage to rate it. Almost all of these are before 1880.
The violent tornadoes of 1876
The deadliest of 1876
- F4, Elizabethtown/S Monroe City/Hassard, MO/N Hannibal, ILMarch 10, 1876
- F3, Hazel Green, WIMarch 10, 1876
- F3, N Indianola/Spring Hill, IAJuly 4, 1876
- F3, New Douglas, ILFebruary 27, 1876
- F3, SW Clarion/E Otisville/Hamilton Twp., IAApril 11, 1876
- F4, S Salina/Fallon Twp./Smokey View Twp., KSJune 6, 1876
- F3, Burlington, IAJuly 4, 1876
- F2, St Charles, MOFebruary 27, 1876
- F3, Hopkinsville, KYFebruary 27, 1876
- F2, Louisville, KYApril 13, 1876
By state
Filed under the state each path begins in.
| State | Significant tornadoes |
|---|---|
| Iowa | 7 |
| Kansas | 6 |
| Illinois | 5 |
| Missouri | 4 |
| Indiana | 4 |
| South Dakota | 3 |
| Kentucky | 2 |
| New York | 2 |
| North Carolina | 2 |
| Wisconsin | 1 |
| Pennsylvania | 1 |
Every significant tornado of 1876
Times are local standard time, where the record has one. Blank cells are not recorded.
January 1 2 tornadoes
February 27 6 tornadoes
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| February 27 | 2:30 PM CST | F2 | St Charles, MO | 6.7 | 200 | 2 | 10 | |
| February 27 | 3:50 PM CST | F3 | New Douglas, IL | 7.3 | 400 | 3 | 30 | |
| February 27 | 7:00 PM CST | F3 | NW Owensville/Princeton, IN | 15.2 | 150 | 8 | ||
| February 27 | 8:30 PM EST | F4 | S Petersburg/Glezen, IN | 9.9 | 400 | 1 | 15 | |
| February 27 | 8:00 PM CST | F2 | St. Meinrad/Luce Township, IN | 27.4 | ||||
| February 27 | 8:45 PM CST | F3 | Hopkinsville, KY | 8.3 | 800 | 2 | 15 |
March 10 3 tornadoes
March 21 1 tornado
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 21 | F3 | Vermont Township, NY | 100 | 1 |
April 11 2 tornadoes
April 13 1 tornado
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 13 | 6:30 PM EST | F2 | Louisville, KY | 50 | 2 | 10 |
May 6 4 tornadoes
May 20 1 tornado
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 20 | 11:50 AM CST | F2 | Gayville, SD |
May 22 1 tornado
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 22 | 4:00 PM EST | F2 | Rosendale to Port Ewen, NY | 7.1 | 2 |
June 6 7 tornadoes
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 6 | F1 | Ellsworth Co., KS | ||||||
| June 6 | 2:40 PM CST | F1 | S Brookville, KS | 20 | ||||
| June 6 | 2:50 PM CST | F1 | W Salina, KS | 50 | ||||
| June 6 | 3:00 PM CST | F3 | S Salina, KS | 9.7 | 200 | 4 | ||
| June 6 | 3:10 PM CST | F4 | S Salina/Fallon Twp./Smokey View Twp., KS | 11.8 | 600 | 3 | 13 | |
| June 6 | 4:00 PM CST | F4 | Lindsborg, KS | 5.3 | ||||
| June 6 | 4:00 PM CST | F4 | S Lincoln, KS | 5.1 |
June 25 2 tornadoes
July 4 4 tornadoes
July 20 1 tornado
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 20 | 4:00 PM CST | F3 | S Raymore, MO | 400 | 2 | 10 |
August 19 1 tornado
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| August 19 | F2 | Platte Co., MO |
September 13 1 tornado
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 13 | 5:30 PM EST | F1 | New River, NC |
About the record before 1950
- Significant tornadoes only
- Grazulis listed tornadoes rated F2 or stronger, and weaker ones that killed somebody. Most tornadoes are weaker than F2, so the list holds a fraction of the tornadoes that happened.
- The early years are thin
- A tornado is on record only where somebody saw it and wrote it down. The count rises through the 1800s with settlement and newspapers, not with the weather.
- Rated from accounts
- Grazulis rated each tornado decades later from newspaper reports, Weather Bureau records and local histories, not from a damage survey.
- The tracks are reconstructed
- Tornado Archive drew each path through the places Grazulis names, most often as a straight line from the first to the last. A track can miss a town it hit, and a tornado with one named place is a point. The counties are today’s.
- A separate record
- SPC’s database, from 1950, counts every confirmed tornado of any strength. The two are kept apart on every page and never added together.
Nearby
Every year before 19501950, the first year of SPC's databaseThe tornado profiles
What this means
Ratings are Grazulis's, read from written accounts of the damage; the rating scale is above. About the record before 1950 says what it holds and what it leaves out.
Sources
Thomas P. Grazulis, Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991 and Significant Tornadoes 1880-1989, as digitized by Tornado Archive (Maas and others, 2024). Public domain. Counties assigned by this site from today’s NWS county lines.