Alert archive / Nevada / Flash Flood Watches in 2021
Flash Flood Watch 5, NWS Las Vegas, NV
NWS Las Vegas, NV issued this flash flood watch at Jul 23, 2021, 1:11 PM PDT for Clark County, Nevada; San Bernardino County, California; Mohave County, Arizona. It took effect at Jul 24, 2021, 12:00 PM PDT. It was in force for 56 hr.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Jul 23, 2021, 1:11 PM PDT (20:11 UTC)
- In effect from
- Jul 24, 2021, 12:00 PM PDT
- Expired
- Jul 26, 2021, 8:21 PM PDT
- In force
- 56 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Las Vegas, NV
- Flood severity
- None
Counties Mohave County, AZ, San Bernardino County, CA, Clark County, NV
The radar
The Las Vegas radar (KESX), 15 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:13 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Las Vegas, NV (KVEF), launched 12:00Z, 8.2 hours before the alert went out and 101 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 153 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -190 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 2435 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 9 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 8 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 35 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
792 WGUS65 KVEF 232011 FFAVEF URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED Flood Watch National Weather Service Las Vegas NV 111 PM PDT Fri Jul 23 2021 .A large circulation moving to the west across Arizona will produce scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms with heavy rainfall over Mohave County and the Colorado River Valley Saturday afternoon through at least Sunday evening. AZZ001>003-036-CAZ527-NVZ021-241100- /O.NEW.KVEF.FF.A.0005.210724T1900Z-210726T0700Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Northwest Plateau-Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave-Northwest Deserts-Lake Mead National Recreation Area-San Bernardino County-Upper Colorado River Valley-Lake Mead National Recreation Area- Including the cities of Western Grand Canyon, Pipe Spring National Monument, Tuweep, Golden Valley, Lake Havasu City, Mt Trumbull, Oatman, Colorado City, Valentine, Topock, Needles, Mohave Valley, Bullhead City, Hoover Dam, Laughlin, Yucca, Dolan Springs, Kingman, Wikieup, and Desert Hills 111 PM MST Fri Jul 23 2021 /111 PM PDT Fri Jul 23 2021/ ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM SATURDAY AFTERNOON THROUGH SUNDAY EVENING... The National Weather Service in Las Vegas has issued a * Flash Flood Watch for portions of northwest Arizona, southeast California and southern Nevada, including the following areas, in northwest Arizona, Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Northwest Deserts and Northwest Plateau. In southeast California, San Bernardino County-Upper Colorado River Valley. In southern Nevada, Lake Mead National Recreation Area. * From Saturday afternoon through Sunday evening. * Conditions will be favorable for scattered to numerous thunderstorms with heavy rainfall to develop in the afternoon and evening hours and move from northeast to southwest. Storms may move over some areas multiple times. * Locally heavy rainfall will likely result in flash flooding of washes and poor drainage areas. Burn scars from past and more recent wildfires will be especially prone to flash flooding and debris flow. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood deaths occur in vehicles. && $$ JA
7 follow-up statements
523 WGUS65 KVEF 240925 FFAVEF Flood Watch National Weather Service Las Vegas NV 225 AM PDT Sat Jul 24 2021 .A large circulation moving to the west across Arizona will produce scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms with heavy rainfall over Mohave County and the Colorado River Valley Saturday afternoon through at least Sunday evening. AZZ001>003-036-CAZ527-NVZ021-241930- /O.CON.KVEF.FF.A.0005.210724T1900Z-210726T0700Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Northwest Plateau-Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave-Northwest Deserts- Lake Mead National Recreation Area-San Bernardino County- Upper Colorado River Valley- 225 AM PDT Sat Jul 24 2021 /225 AM MST Sat Jul 24 2021/ ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM NOON PDT /NOON MST/ TODAY THROUGH SUNDAY EVENING... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of northwest Arizona, southeast California, and southern Nevada, including the following areas, in northwest Arizona, Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Northwest Deserts, and Northwest Plateau. In southeast California, San Bernardino County-Upper Colorado River Valley. In southern Nevada, Lake Mead National Recreation Area. * From noon PDT /noon MST/ today through Sunday evening * Conditions will be favorable for scattered to numerous thunderstorms with heavy rainfall to develop in the afternoon and evening hours and move from northeast to southwest. Multiple storms may move over some areas. * Locally heavy rainfall will likely result in flash flooding of washes and poor drainage areas. Burn scars from wildfires will be especially prone to flash flooding and debris flows. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood deaths occur in vehicles. && $$ Morgan
732 WGUS65 KVEF 241926 FFAVEF Flood Watch National Weather Service Las Vegas NV 1226 PM PDT Sat Jul 24 2021 .A large circulation moving to the west across Arizona will produce scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms with heavy rainfall over Mohave County and the Colorado River Valley from Lake Mead to Lake Havasu through Sunday evening. AZZ001>003-036-CAZ527-NVZ021-251100- /O.CON.KVEF.FF.A.0005.000000T0000Z-210726T0700Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Northwest Plateau-Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave-Northwest Deserts-Lake Mead National Recreation Area-San Bernardino County-Upper Colorado River Valley-Lake Mead National Recreation Area- Including the cities of Western Grand Canyon, Pipe Spring National Monument, Tuweep, Golden Valley, Lake Havasu City, Mt Trumbull, Oatman, Colorado City, Valentine, Topock, Needles, Mohave Valley, Bullhead City, Hoover Dam, Laughlin, Yucca, Dolan Springs, Kingman, Wikieup, and Desert Hills 1226 PM MST Sat Jul 24 2021 /1226 PM PDT Sat Jul 24 2021/ ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH SUNDAY EVENING... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of northwest Arizona, southeast California and southern Nevada, including the following areas, in northwest Arizona, Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Northwest Deserts and Northwest Plateau. In southeast California, San Bernardino County-Upper Colorado River Valley. In southern Nevada, Lake Mead National Recreation Area. * Through Sunday evening. * Conditions will be favorable for scattered to numerous thunderstorms with heavy rainfall to develop in the afternoon and evening hours and move from northeast to southwest. Multiple storms may move over some areas. * Locally heavy rainfall will likely result in flash flooding of washes and poor drainage areas. Burn scars from past and more recent wildfires will be especially prone to flash flooding and debris flows. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood deaths occur in vehicles. && $$ JA
969 WGUS65 KVEF 250816 FFAVEF Flood Watch National Weather Service Las Vegas NV 116 AM PDT Sun Jul 25 2021 .A large circulation moving to the west across Arizona will produce scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms with heavy rainfall over Mohave County and the Colorado River Valley from Lake Mead to Lake Havasu through this evening. AZZ001>003-036-CAZ527-NVZ021-251945- /O.CON.KVEF.FF.A.0005.000000T0000Z-210726T0700Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Northwest Plateau-Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave-Northwest Deserts- Lake Mead National Recreation Area-San Bernardino County- Upper Colorado River Valley- 116 AM PDT Sun Jul 25 2021 /116 AM MST Sun Jul 25 2021/ ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH THIS EVENING... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of northwest Arizona, southeast California, and southern Nevada, including the following areas, in northwest Arizona, Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Northwest Deserts, and Northwest Plateau. In southeast California, San Bernardino County-Upper Colorado River Valley. In southern Nevada, Lake Mead National Recreation Area. * Through this evening * Conditions will be favorable for scattered to numerous thunderstorms with heavy rainfall to develop in the afternoon and evening hours and move from northeast to southwest. Multiple storms may move over some areas. * Locally heavy rainfall will likely result in flash flooding of washes and poor drainage areas. Burn scars from wildfires will be especially prone to flash flooding and debris flows. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood deaths occur in vehicles. && $$ Morgan
452 WGUS65 KVEF 251919 FFAVEF URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED Flood Watch National Weather Service Las Vegas NV 1219 PM PDT Sun Jul 25 2021 CAZ519>522-NVZ014-017-019-261930- /O.NEW.KVEF.FF.A.0006.210726T1200Z-210727T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Eastern Sierra Slopes-Owens Valley-White Mountains of Inyo County- Death Valley National Park-Esmeralda and Central Nye County- Western Clark and Southern Nye County-Spring Mountains- Red Rock Canyon- 1219 PM PDT Sun Jul 25 2021 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM EARLY MONDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY EVENING... The National Weather Service in Las Vegas has issued a * Flash Flood Watch for portions of southeast California and Nevada, including the following areas, in southeast California, Death Valley National Park, Eastern Sierra Slopes, Owens Valley, and White Mountains of Inyo County. In Nevada, Esmeralda and Central Nye County, Spring Mountains-Red Rock Canyon, and Western Clark and Southern Nye County. * From late tonight through Monday evening * Very moist rich air will move into eastern California tonight into Monday. Storms forming in this environment may drop very heavy rain in very short periods of time, leading to areas of flash flooding. * Locally heavy rainfall will likely result in flash flooding of washes and poor drainage areas. Burn scars from wildfires will be especially prone to flash flooding and debris flows. Parts of Death Valley are especially vulnerable to flash flooding. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that conditions may become favorable for flooding of washes...streams and other drainage areas in the watch area. If you are in the watch area...you should closely monitor weather forecasts and be prepared to take immediate action should heavy rain and flooding occur or a flash flood warning is issued. Listen to NOAA weather radio...commercial radio or television stations for updates on this flash flood threat or by visiting us online at weather.gov/lasvegas && $$ CAZ523>525-NVZ022-261930- /O.EXB.KVEF.FF.A.0005.210726T0000Z-210727T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Western Mojave Desert-Eastern Mojave Desert-Morongo Basin- Southern Clark County- 1219 PM PDT Sun Jul 25 2021 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM 5 PM PDT THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH MONDAY EVENING... The National Weather Service in Las Vegas has expanded the * Flash Flood Watch to include portions of southeast California and southern Nevada, including the following areas, in southeast California, Eastern Mojave Desert, Morongo Basin, and Western Mojave Desert. In southern Nevada, Southern Clark County. * From 5 PM PDT this afternoon through Monday evening * Conditions will be favorable for strong thunderstorms with heavy rainfall to develop in the afternoon and evening hours and move from northeast to southwest. Multiple storms may move over some areas. * Locally heavy rainfall will likely result in flash flooding of washes and poor drainage areas. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood deaths occur in vehicles. && $$ AZZ001>003-036-CAZ527-NVZ021-260700- /O.CON.KVEF.FF.A.0005.000000T0000Z-210726T0700Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Northwest Plateau-Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave-Northwest Deserts- Lake Mead National Recreation Area-San Bernardino County- Upper Colorado River Valley- 1219 PM PDT Sun Jul 25 2021 /1219 PM MST Sun Jul 25 2021/ ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT PDT /MIDNIGHT MST/ TONIGHT... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of northwest Arizona, southeast California, and southern Nevada, including the following areas, in northwest Arizona, Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Northwest Deserts, and Northwest Plateau. In southeast California, San Bernardino County-Upper Colorado River Valley. In southern Nevada, Lake Mead National Recreation Area. * Until midnight PDT /midnight MST/ tonight * Conditions will be favorable for scattered to numerous thunderstorms with heavy rainfall to develop in the afternoon and evening hours and move from northeast to southwest. Multiple storms may move over some areas. * Locally heavy rainfall will likely result in flash flooding of washes and poor drainage areas. Burn scars from wildfires will be especially prone to flash flooding and debris flows. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood deaths occur in vehicles. && $$
225 WGUS65 KVEF 260643 FFAVEF URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED Flood Watch National Weather Service Las Vegas NV 1143 PM PDT Sun Jul 25 2021 AZZ001>003-036-CAZ527-NVZ021-260745- /O.EXP.KVEF.FF.A.0005.000000T0000Z-210726T0700Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Northwest Plateau-Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave-Northwest Deserts- Lake Mead National Recreation Area-San Bernardino County- Upper Colorado River Valley- 1143 PM PDT Sun Jul 25 2021 /1143 PM MST Sun Jul 25 2021/ ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH WILL EXPIRE AT MIDNIGHT PDT /MIDNIGHT MST/ TONIGHT... The Flash Flood Watch for portions of northwest Arizona, southeast California, and southern Nevada will expire at midnight PDT /midnight MST/ tonight. The heavy rain which fell Sunday had moved away to the west. Although spotty heavy rain is possible again on Monday, much less areal coverage is expected. $$ CAZ519>522-NVZ014-017-019-261800- /O.EXT.KVEF.FF.A.0006.210726T0643Z-210727T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Eastern Sierra Slopes-Owens Valley-White Mountains of Inyo County- Death Valley National Park-Esmeralda and Central Nye County- Western Clark and Southern Nye County-Spring Mountains- Red Rock Canyon- 1143 PM PDT Sun Jul 25 2021 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH NOW IN EFFECT THROUGH MONDAY EVENING... The Flash Flood Watch is now in effect for * Portions of southeast California and Nevada, including the following areas, in southeast California, Death Valley National Park, Eastern Sierra Slopes, Owens Valley, and White Mountains of Inyo County. In Nevada, Esmeralda and Central Nye County, Spring Mountains-Red Rock Canyon, and Western Clark and Southern Nye County. * Through Monday evening * Very moist air had moved into eastern California and southern Nevada. Thunderstorms which develop may drop very heavy rain in very short periods of time, leading to flash flooding. * Locally heavy rainfall will likely result in flash flooding of washes and poor drainage areas. Burn scars from wildfires will be especially prone to flash flooding and debris flows. Parts of Death Valley are especially vulnerable to flash flooding. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that conditions may become favorable for flooding of washes...streams and other drainage areas in the watch area. If you are in the watch area...you should closely monitor weather forecasts and be prepared to take immediate action should heavy rain and flooding occur or a flash flood warning is issued. Listen to NOAA weather radio...commercial radio or television stations for updates on this flash flood threat or by visiting us online at weather.gov/lasvegas && $$ CAZ523>525-NVZ022-261800- /O.CON.KVEF.FF.A.0005.000000T0000Z-210727T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Western Mojave Desert-Eastern Mojave Desert-Morongo Basin- Southern Clark County- 1143 PM PDT Sun Jul 25 2021 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH MONDAY EVENING... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of southeast California and southern Nevada, including the following areas, in southeast California, Eastern Mojave Desert, Morongo Basin, and Western Mojave Desert. In southern Nevada, Southern Clark County. * Through Monday evening * Conditions will be favorable for strong thunderstorms with heavy rainfall to develop in the afternoon and evening hours and move from northeast to southwest. Multiple storms may move over some areas. * Locally heavy rainfall will likely result in flash flooding of washes and poor drainage areas. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood deaths occur in vehicles. && $$ Morgan
737 WGUS65 KVEF 261753 FFAVEF Flood Watch National Weather Service Las Vegas NV 1053 AM PDT Mon Jul 26 2021 CAZ523>525-NVZ022-270600- /O.CON.KVEF.FF.A.0005.000000T0000Z-210727T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Western Mojave Desert-Eastern Mojave Desert-Morongo Basin- Southern Clark County- 1053 AM PDT Mon Jul 26 2021 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH THIS EVENING... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of southeast California and southern Nevada, including the following areas, in southeast California, Eastern Mojave Desert, Morongo Basin, and Western Mojave Desert. In southern Nevada, Southern Clark County. * Through this evening * Conditions will be favorable for strong thunderstorms with heavy rainfall to develop in the afternoon and evening hours and move from northeast to southwest. Multiple storms may move over some areas. * Locally heavy rainfall will likely result in flash flooding of washes and poor drainage areas. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood deaths occur in vehicles. && $$ CAZ519>522-NVZ014-017-019-270600- /O.CON.KVEF.FF.A.0006.000000T0000Z-210727T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Eastern Sierra Slopes-Owens Valley-White Mountains of Inyo County- Death Valley National Park-Esmeralda and Central Nye County- Western Clark and Southern Nye County-Spring Mountains- Red Rock Canyon- 1053 AM PDT Mon Jul 26 2021 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH THIS EVENING... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of southeast California and Nevada, including the following areas, in southeast California, Death Valley National Park, Eastern Sierra Slopes, Owens Valley, and White Mountains of Inyo County. In Nevada, Esmeralda and Central Nye County, Spring Mountains-Red Rock Canyon, and Western Clark and Southern Nye County. * Through this evening * Very moist air had moved into eastern California and southern Nevada. Thunderstorms which develop may drop very heavy rain in very short periods of time, leading to flash flooding. * Locally heavy rainfall will likely result in flash flooding of washes and poor drainage areas. Burn scars from wildfires will be especially prone to flash flooding and debris flows. Parts of Death Valley are especially vulnerable to flash flooding. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that conditions may become favorable for flooding of washes...streams and other drainage areas in the watch area. If you are in the watch area...you should closely monitor weather forecasts and be prepared to take immediate action should heavy rain and flooding occur or a flash flood warning is issued. Listen to NOAA weather radio...commercial radio or television stations for updates on this flash flood threat or by visiting us online at weather.gov/lasvegas && $$
731 WGUS65 KVEF 270321 FFAVEF Flood Watch National Weather Service Las Vegas NV 821 PM PDT Mon Jul 26 2021 CAZ519>522-NVZ014-017-019-270430- /O.CAN.KVEF.FF.A.0006.000000T0000Z-210727T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Eastern Sierra Slopes-Owens Valley-White Mountains of Inyo County- Death Valley National Park-Esmeralda and Central Nye County-Western Clark and Southern Nye County-Spring Mountains-Red Rock Canyon- Including the cities of Westgard Pass, The Town Of Mt Charleston, Amargosa Valley, Furnace Creek, Red Rock Canyon, Lone Pine, Olancha, Bristlecone Pine, Beatty, Aspendell, Silver Peak, Desert Rock, Whitney Portal, Dyer, Indian Springs, Stovepipe Wells, Goldfield, Pahrump, Bishop, Independence, and Shoshone 821 PM PDT Mon Jul 26 2021 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS CANCELLED... The Flash Flood Watch for portions of southeast California and Nevada, including the following areas, in southeast California, Death Valley National Park, Eastern Sierra Slopes, Owens Valley and White Mountains of Inyo County. In Nevada, Esmeralda and Central Nye County, Spring Mountains-Red Rock Canyon and Western Clark and Southern Nye County has been cancelled. The Flash Flood Watch is cancelled. Flooding is no longer expected to pose a threat. Please continue to heed remaining road closures. $$ CAZ523>525-NVZ022-270430- /O.CAN.KVEF.FF.A.0005.000000T0000Z-210727T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Western Mojave Desert-Eastern Mojave Desert-Morongo Basin-Southern Clark County- Including the cities of Mountain Pass, Cal-Nev-Ari, Fort Irwin, Mitchell Caverns, Barstow, Primm, Baker, Searchlight, Morongo Valley, Yucca Valley, Twentynine Palms, and Daggett 821 PM PDT Mon Jul 26 2021 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS CANCELLED... The Flash Flood Watch for portions of southeast California and southern Nevada, including the following areas, in southeast California, Eastern Mojave Desert, Morongo Basin and Western Mojave Desert. In southern Nevada, Southern Clark County has been cancelled. The Flash Flood Watch is cancelled. Flooding is no longer expected to pose a threat. Please continue to heed remaining road closures. $$ BKP
The office that day
Everything else NWS Las Vegas, NV issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 23, 4:39 PM PDT | Flash Flood Warning | VEF | Mohave | 81 min |
Nearby
Flash Flood Watches in Nevada, 2021Flash Flood Watches in California, 2021Flash Flood Watches in Arizona, 2021Every flash flood watch in 2021
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.