Alert archive / North Dakota / Wind Advisories in 2021
Wind Advisory 3, NWS Bismarck, ND
NWS Bismarck, ND issued this wind advisory at Jan 20, 2021, 2:09 AM MST for 22 counties in North Dakota. It took effect at Jan 20, 2021, 7:00 AM MST. It was in force for 11 hr.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Jan 20, 2021, 2:09 AM MST (09:09 UTC)
- In effect from
- Jan 20, 2021, 7:00 AM MST
- Expired
- Jan 20, 2021, 5:59 PM MST
- In force
- 11 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Bismarck, ND
All 22 counties
Adams County, ND, Billings County, ND, Bowman County, ND, Burleigh County, ND, Dickey County, ND, Divide County, ND, Dunn County, ND, Emmons County, ND, Golden Valley County, ND, Grant County, ND, Hettinger County, ND, Kidder County, ND, LaMoure County, ND, Logan County, ND, McIntosh County, ND, McKenzie County, ND, Mercer County, ND, Oliver County, ND, Slope County, ND, Stark County, ND, Stutsman County, ND, Williams County, ND
The radar
The Bismarck radar (KBIS), 64 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 09:14 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Bismarck Municip, ND (KBIS), launched 00:00Z, 9.2 hours before the alert went out and 69 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- No buoyant parcel
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1225 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 61 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 219 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 329 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
993 WWUS73 KBIS 200909 NPWBIS URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Bismarck ND 309 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 NDZ002>005-010>013-021>023-025-201715- /O.NEW.KBIS.HW.W.0002.210120T1400Z-210121T0300Z/ Burke-Renville-Bottineau-Rolette-Mountrail-Ward-McHenry-Pierce- McLean-Sheridan-Wells-Foster- Including the cities of Bowbells, Powers Lake, Lignite, Columbus, Portal, Mohall, Glenburn, Sherwood, Bottineau, Rolla, Dunseith, Rolette, Shell Valley, St. John, New Town, Stanley, Parshall, Minot, Velva, Towner, Drake, Rugby, Garrison, Washburn, Underwood, Wilton, Turtle Lake, Mcclusky, Goodrich, Harvey, Fessenden, and Carrington 309 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM THIS MORNING TO 9 PM CST THIS EVENING... * WHAT...Northwest winds 35 to 40 mph with gusts up to 60 mph expected. * WHERE...North central and portions of northwest North Dakota. This includes the Tribal Lands of the Turtle Mountain Chippewa Nation and portions of the MHA Nation. * WHEN...From 8 AM this morning to 9 PM CST this evening. * IMPACTS...Unsecured outdoor objects will be blown away. Travel will be difficult, especially for high profile vehicles. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... People should avoid being outside, especially around trees and on elevated surfaces. Use caution if you must travel. && $$ NDZ001-009-017>020-031>037-040>048-050-051-201715- /O.NEW.KBIS.WI.Y.0003.210120T1400Z-210121T0300Z/ Divide-Williams-McKenzie-Dunn-Mercer-Oliver-Golden Valley- Billings-Stark-Morton-Burleigh-Kidder-Stutsman-Slope-Hettinger- Grant-Bowman-Adams-Sioux-Emmons-Logan-La Moure-McIntosh-Dickey- Including the cities of Crosby, Williston, Watford City, Killdeer, Halliday, Beulah, Hazen, Center, Beach, Medora, Dickinson, Mandan, Bismarck, Steele, Tappen, Jamestown, Marmarth, Mott, New England, Elgin, Carson, New Leipzig, Bowman, Hettinger, Fort Yates, Selfridge, Solen, Linton, Strasburg, Napoleon, Gackle, Lamoure, Edgeley, Kulm, Wishek, Ashley, Oakes, and Ellendale 309 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 /209 AM MST Wed Jan 20 2021/ ...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM CST /7 AM MST/ THIS MORNING TO 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ THIS EVENING... * WHAT...Northwest winds 25 to 35 mph with gusts up to 55 mph expected. * WHERE...Western, south central, and southeastern North Dakota. This includes the Tribal Lands of the Standing Rock Sioux Nation and portions of the MHA Nation. * WHEN...From 8 AM CST /7 AM MST/ this morning to 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ this evening. * IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects. && $$ EDWARDS
6 follow-up statements
233 WWUS73 KBIS 201227 NPWBIS URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Bismarck ND 627 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 NDZ002>005-010>013-021>023-025-202030- /O.CON.KBIS.HW.W.0002.210120T1400Z-210121T0300Z/ Burke-Renville-Bottineau-Rolette-Mountrail-Ward-McHenry-Pierce- McLean-Sheridan-Wells-Foster- Including the cities of Bowbells, Powers Lake, Lignite, Columbus, Portal, Mohall, Glenburn, Sherwood, Bottineau, Rolla, Dunseith, Rolette, Shell Valley, St. John, New Town, Stanley, Parshall, Minot, Velva, Towner, Drake, Rugby, Garrison, Washburn, Underwood, Wilton, Turtle Lake, Mcclusky, Goodrich, Harvey, Fessenden, and Carrington 627 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST THIS EVENING... * WHAT...Northwest winds 35 to 40 mph with gusts up to 60 mph expected. * WHERE...North central and portions of northwestern North Dakota. This includes the Tribal Lands of the Turtle Mountain Chippewa Nation and portions of the MHA Nation. * WHEN...From 8 AM this morning to 9 PM CST this evening. * IMPACTS...Unsecured outdoor objects will be blown away. Travel will be difficult, especially for high profile vehicles. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... People should avoid being outside, especially around trees and on elevated surfaces. Use caution if you must travel. && $$ NDZ001-009-017>020-031>037-040>048-050-051-202030- /O.CON.KBIS.WI.Y.0003.210120T1400Z-210121T0300Z/ Divide-Williams-McKenzie-Dunn-Mercer-Oliver-Golden Valley- Billings-Stark-Morton-Burleigh-Kidder-Stutsman-Slope-Hettinger- Grant-Bowman-Adams-Sioux-Emmons-Logan-La Moure-McIntosh-Dickey- Including the cities of Crosby, Williston, Watford City, Killdeer, Halliday, Beulah, Hazen, Center, Beach, Medora, Dickinson, Mandan, Bismarck, Steele, Tappen, Jamestown, Marmarth, Mott, New England, Elgin, Carson, New Leipzig, Bowman, Hettinger, Fort Yates, Selfridge, Solen, Linton, Strasburg, Napoleon, Gackle, Lamoure, Edgeley, Kulm, Wishek, Ashley, Oakes, and Ellendale 627 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 /527 AM MST Wed Jan 20 2021/ ...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ THIS EVENING... * WHAT...Northwest winds 25 to 35 mph with gusts up to 55 mph expected. * WHERE...Western, south central, and southeastern North Dakota. This includes the Tribal Lands of the Standing Rock Sioux Nation and portions of the MHA Nation. * WHEN...From 8 AM CST /7 AM MST/ this morning to 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ this evening. * IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects. && $$ EDWARDS
833 WWUS73 KBIS 201404 NPWBIS URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Bismarck ND 804 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 NDZ002>005-010>013-021>023-025-202215- /O.CON.KBIS.HW.W.0002.000000T0000Z-210121T0300Z/ Burke-Renville-Bottineau-Rolette-Mountrail-Ward-McHenry-Pierce- McLean-Sheridan-Wells-Foster- Including the cities of Bowbells, Powers Lake, Lignite, Columbus, Portal, Mohall, Glenburn, Sherwood, Bottineau, Rolla, Dunseith, Rolette, Shell Valley, St. John, New Town, Stanley, Parshall, Minot, Velva, Towner, Drake, Rugby, Garrison, Washburn, Underwood, Wilton, Turtle Lake, Mcclusky, Goodrich, Harvey, Fessenden, and Carrington 804 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST THIS EVENING... * WHAT...Northwest winds 25 to 35 mph with gusts up to 60 mph. * WHERE...Portions of north central and northwestern North Dakota. This includes portions of the Tribal Lands of the MHA Nation and the Turtle Mountain Chippewa Nation. * WHEN...Until 9 PM CST this evening. * IMPACTS...Unsecured outdoor objects will be blown away. Travel will be difficult, especially for high profile vehicles. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... People should avoid being outside in forested areas and around trees and branches. If possible, remain in the lower levels of your home during the windstorm, and avoid windows. Use caution if you must drive. && $$ NDZ001-009-017>020-031>037-040>048-050-051-202215- /O.CON.KBIS.WI.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-210121T0300Z/ Divide-Williams-McKenzie-Dunn-Mercer-Oliver-Golden Valley- Billings-Stark-Morton-Burleigh-Kidder-Stutsman-Slope-Hettinger- Grant-Bowman-Adams-Sioux-Emmons-Logan-La Moure-McIntosh-Dickey- Including the cities of Crosby, Williston, Watford City, Killdeer, Halliday, Beulah, Hazen, Center, Beach, Medora, Dickinson, Mandan, Bismarck, Steele, Tappen, Jamestown, Marmarth, Mott, New England, Elgin, Carson, New Leipzig, Bowman, Hettinger, Fort Yates, Selfridge, Solen, Linton, Strasburg, Napoleon, Gackle, Lamoure, Edgeley, Kulm, Wishek, Ashley, Oakes, and Ellendale 804 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 /704 AM MST Wed Jan 20 2021/ ...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ THIS EVENING... * WHAT...Northwest winds 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 55 mph. * WHERE...Portions western, south central, southeastern North Dakota. This includes portions of the Tribal Lands of the MHA Nation and the Standing Rock Sioux Nation. * WHEN...Until 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ this evening. * IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects. && $$
094 WWUS73 KBIS 201654 NPWBIS URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Bismarck ND 1054 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 NDZ002>005-010>013-021>023-025-210100- /O.CON.KBIS.HW.W.0002.000000T0000Z-210121T0300Z/ Burke-Renville-Bottineau-Rolette-Mountrail-Ward-McHenry-Pierce- McLean-Sheridan-Wells-Foster- Including the cities of Bowbells, Powers Lake, Lignite, Columbus, Portal, Mohall, Glenburn, Sherwood, Bottineau, Rolla, Dunseith, Rolette, Shell Valley, St. John, New Town, Stanley, Parshall, Minot, Velva, Towner, Drake, Rugby, Garrison, Washburn, Underwood, Wilton, Turtle Lake, Mcclusky, Goodrich, Harvey, Fessenden, and Carrington 1054 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST THIS EVENING... * WHAT...West winds 25 to 35 mph with gusts up to 55 mph. * WHERE...Portions of north central and northwestern North Dakota. This includes portions of the Tribal Lands of the MHA Nation and the Turtle Mountain Chippewa Nation. * WHEN...Until 9 PM CST this evening. * IMPACTS...Unsecured outdoor objects will be blown away. Travel will be difficult, especially for high profile vehicles. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... People should avoid being outside in forested areas and around trees and branches. If possible, remain in the lower levels of your home during the windstorm, and avoid windows. Use caution if you must drive. && $$ NDZ001-009-017>020-031>037-040>048-050-051-210100- /O.CON.KBIS.WI.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-210121T0300Z/ Divide-Williams-McKenzie-Dunn-Mercer-Oliver-Golden Valley- Billings-Stark-Morton-Burleigh-Kidder-Stutsman-Slope-Hettinger- Grant-Bowman-Adams-Sioux-Emmons-Logan-La Moure-McIntosh-Dickey- Including the cities of Crosby, Williston, Watford City, Killdeer, Halliday, Beulah, Hazen, Center, Beach, Medora, Dickinson, Mandan, Bismarck, Steele, Tappen, Jamestown, Marmarth, Mott, New England, Elgin, Carson, New Leipzig, Bowman, Hettinger, Fort Yates, Selfridge, Solen, Linton, Strasburg, Napoleon, Gackle, Lamoure, Edgeley, Kulm, Wishek, Ashley, Oakes, and Ellendale 1054 AM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 /954 AM MST Wed Jan 20 2021/ ...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ THIS EVENING... * WHAT...West winds 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 50 mph. * WHERE...Portions western, south central, southeastern North Dakota. This includes portions of the Tribal Lands of the MHA Nation and the Standing Rock Sioux Nation. * WHEN...Until 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ this evening. * IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects. && $$
889 WWUS73 KBIS 201848 NPWBIS URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Bismarck ND 1248 PM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 NDZ002>005-010>013-021>023-025-210300- /O.CON.KBIS.HW.W.0002.000000T0000Z-210121T0300Z/ Burke-Renville-Bottineau-Rolette-Mountrail-Ward-McHenry-Pierce- McLean-Sheridan-Wells-Foster- Including the cities of Bowbells, Powers Lake, Lignite, Columbus, Portal, Mohall, Glenburn, Sherwood, Bottineau, Rolla, Dunseith, Rolette, Shell Valley, St. John, New Town, Stanley, Parshall, Minot, Velva, Towner, Drake, Rugby, Garrison, Washburn, Underwood, Wilton, Turtle Lake, Mcclusky, Goodrich, Harvey, Fessenden, and Carrington 1248 PM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST THIS EVENING... * WHAT...West winds 25 to 35 mph with gusts up to 55 mph. * WHERE...Portions of north central and northwestern North Dakota. This includes portions of the Tribal Lands of the MHA Nation and the Turtle Mountain Chippewa Nation. * WHEN...Until 9 PM CST this evening. * IMPACTS...Unsecured outdoor objects will be blown away. Travel will be difficult, especially for high profile vehicles. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... People should avoid being outside in forested areas and around trees and branches. If possible, remain in the lower levels of your home during the windstorm, and avoid windows. Use caution if you must drive. && $$ NDZ001-009-017>020-031>037-040>048-050-051-210300- /O.CON.KBIS.WI.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-210121T0300Z/ Divide-Williams-McKenzie-Dunn-Mercer-Oliver-Golden Valley- Billings-Stark-Morton-Burleigh-Kidder-Stutsman-Slope-Hettinger- Grant-Bowman-Adams-Sioux-Emmons-Logan-La Moure-McIntosh-Dickey- Including the cities of Crosby, Williston, Watford City, Killdeer, Halliday, Beulah, Hazen, Center, Beach, Medora, Dickinson, Mandan, Bismarck, Steele, Tappen, Jamestown, Marmarth, Mott, New England, Elgin, Carson, New Leipzig, Bowman, Hettinger, Fort Yates, Selfridge, Solen, Linton, Strasburg, Napoleon, Gackle, Lamoure, Edgeley, Kulm, Wishek, Ashley, Oakes, and Ellendale 1248 PM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 /1148 AM MST Wed Jan 20 2021/ ...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ THIS EVENING... * WHAT...West winds 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 50 mph. * WHERE...Portions western, south central, southeastern North Dakota. This includes portions of the Tribal Lands of the MHA Nation and the Standing Rock Sioux Nation. * WHEN...Until 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ this evening. * IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects. && $$
682 WWUS73 KBIS 202333 NPWBIS URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Bismarck ND 533 PM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 NDZ002>005-010>013-021>023-025-210300- /O.CON.KBIS.HW.W.0002.000000T0000Z-210121T0300Z/ Burke-Renville-Bottineau-Rolette-Mountrail-Ward-McHenry-Pierce- McLean-Sheridan-Wells-Foster- Including the cities of Bowbells, Powers Lake, Lignite, Columbus, Portal, Mohall, Glenburn, Sherwood, Bottineau, Rolla, Dunseith, Rolette, Shell Valley, St. John, New Town, Stanley, Parshall, Minot, Velva, Towner, Drake, Rugby, Garrison, Washburn, Underwood, Wilton, Turtle Lake, Mcclusky, Goodrich, Harvey, Fessenden, and Carrington 533 PM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST THIS EVENING... * WHAT...West winds 25 to 40 mph with gusts up to 60 mph. * WHERE...Portions of north central and northwestern North Dakota. This includes portions of the Tribal Lands of the MHA Nation and the Turtle Mountain Chippewa Nation. * WHEN...Until 9 PM CST this evening. * IMPACTS...Unsecured outdoor objects will be blown away. Travel will be difficult, especially for high profile vehicles. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... People should avoid being outside in forested areas and around trees and branches. If possible, remain in the lower levels of your home during the windstorm, and avoid windows. Use caution if you must drive. && $$ NDZ001-009-017>020-031>037-040>048-050-051-210300- /O.CON.KBIS.WI.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-210121T0300Z/ Divide-Williams-McKenzie-Dunn-Mercer-Oliver-Golden Valley- Billings-Stark-Morton-Burleigh-Kidder-Stutsman-Slope-Hettinger- Grant-Bowman-Adams-Sioux-Emmons-Logan-La Moure-McIntosh-Dickey- Including the cities of Crosby, Williston, Watford City, Killdeer, Halliday, Beulah, Hazen, Center, Beach, Medora, Dickinson, Mandan, Bismarck, Steele, Tappen, Jamestown, Marmarth, Mott, New England, Elgin, Carson, New Leipzig, Bowman, Hettinger, Fort Yates, Selfridge, Solen, Linton, Strasburg, Napoleon, Gackle, Lamoure, Edgeley, Kulm, Wishek, Ashley, Oakes, and Ellendale 533 PM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 /433 PM MST Wed Jan 20 2021/ ...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ THIS EVENING... * WHAT...West winds 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 50 mph. * WHERE...Portions western, south central, southeastern North Dakota. This includes portions of the Tribal Lands of the MHA Nation and the Standing Rock Sioux Nation. * WHEN...Until 9 PM CST /8 PM MST/ this evening. * IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects. && $$
785 WWUS73 KBIS 210059 NPWBIS URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Bismarck ND 659 PM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 NDZ002>005-010>013-021>023-025-210200- /O.CAN.KBIS.HW.W.0002.000000T0000Z-210121T0300Z/ Burke-Renville-Bottineau-Rolette-Mountrail-Ward-McHenry-Pierce- McLean-Sheridan-Wells-Foster- Including the cities of Bowbells, Powers Lake, Lignite, Columbus, Portal, Mohall, Glenburn, Sherwood, Bottineau, Rolla, Dunseith, Rolette, Shell Valley, St. John, New Town, Stanley, Parshall, Minot, Velva, Towner, Drake, Rugby, Garrison, Washburn, Underwood, Wilton, Turtle Lake, Mcclusky, Goodrich, Harvey, Fessenden, and Carrington 659 PM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IS CANCELLED... Although breezy winds may linger through the night, strong winds are no longer expected. Thus the High Wind Warning has been cancelled. $$ NDZ001-009-017>020-031>037-040>048-050-051-210200- /O.CAN.KBIS.WI.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-210121T0300Z/ Divide-Williams-McKenzie-Dunn-Mercer-Oliver-Golden Valley- Billings-Stark-Morton-Burleigh-Kidder-Stutsman-Slope-Hettinger- Grant-Bowman-Adams-Sioux-Emmons-Logan-La Moure-McIntosh-Dickey- Including the cities of Crosby, Williston, Watford City, Killdeer, Halliday, Beulah, Hazen, Center, Beach, Medora, Dickinson, Mandan, Bismarck, Steele, Tappen, Jamestown, Marmarth, Mott, New England, Elgin, Carson, New Leipzig, Bowman, Hettinger, Fort Yates, Selfridge, Solen, Linton, Strasburg, Napoleon, Gackle, Lamoure, Edgeley, Kulm, Wishek, Ashley, Oakes, and Ellendale 659 PM CST Wed Jan 20 2021 /559 PM MST Wed Jan 20 2021/ ...WIND ADVISORY IS CANCELLED... Although breezy winds may linger through the night, strong winds are no longer expected. Thus the Wind Advisory has been cancelled. $$
The office that day
Everything else NWS Bismarck, ND issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 20, 2:09 AM MST | High Wind Warning | BIS | Bottineau, Burke, Foster, McHenry, Mountrail, Pierce and 4 more | 16 hr |
Nearby
Wind Advisories in North Dakota, 2021Every wind advisory in 2021
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.