Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Flash Flood Watches in 2018
Flash Flood Watch 11, NWS Philadelphia/Mount Holly
NWS Philadelphia/Mount Holly issued this flash flood watch at Aug 2, 2018, 3:31 AM EDT for 5 counties in Pennsylvania; Morris County, Sussex County, Warren County, New Jersey. It took effect at Aug 2, 2018, 2:00 PM EDT. It was in force for 45 hr.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Aug 2, 2018, 3:31 AM EDT (07:31 UTC)
- In effect from
- Aug 2, 2018, 2:00 PM EDT
- Expired
- Aug 4, 2018, 10:52 AM EDT
- In force
- 45 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Philadelphia/Mount Holly
- Flood severity
- None
Counties Morris County, NJ, Sussex County, NJ, Warren County, NJ, Berks County, PA, Carbon County, PA, Lehigh County, PA, Monroe County, PA, Northampton County, PA
The radar
The Philadelphia radar (KDIX), 122 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 07:32 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Brookhaven, NY (KOKX), launched 00:00Z, 7.5 hours before the alert went out and 202 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 986 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -42 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 816 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 44 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 180 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 206 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.9
- Supercell composite
- 6.6
The text
As transmitted.
147 WGUS61 KPHI 020731 FFAPHI URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED Flood Watch National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ 331 AM EDT Thu Aug 2 2018 PAZ054-055-060>062-021545- /O.NEW.KPHI.FF.A.0011.180802T1800Z-180803T0400Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Carbon-Monroe-Berks-Lehigh-Northampton- Including the cities of Jim Thorpe, Stroudsburg, Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton 331 AM EDT Thu Aug 2 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM 2 PM EDT THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH THIS EVENING... The National Weather Service in Mount Holly has issued a * Flash Flood Watch for Berks County, the Lehigh Valley and southern Poconos in northeast Pennsylvania. * From 2 PM EDT this afternoon through this evening. * Showers and thunderstorms containing heavy downpours are expected to develop this afternoon. This activity may become better organized toward early evening and then weaken eventually late in the evening. While rainfall amounts area wide will generally average under one inch, locally heavy rainfall of 2 to 3 inches are possible where thunderstorms move over the same location. * Heavy rainfall within a short period of time can lead to rapidly rising water and flash flooding, particularly in urban areas, along small creeks and streams as the ground is already very saturated due to recent heavy rains over the past two weeks. * There is a potential for an additional round of locally heavy rainfall and flash flooding on Friday. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that there is the potential for flash flooding which can be life-threatening. Heavy rain is expected to occur over a short period of time. Rapidly rising flood waters may quickly inundate roadways and areas of poor drainage. Streams and creeks could leave their banks, flooding nearby properties. Please monitor the forecast, especially if you live in a location that is prone to flooding. Be prepared to take action if a flash flood warning is issued for your area. && $$ JRK
10 follow-up statements
969 WGUS61 KPHI 021638 FFAPHI Flood Watch National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ 1238 PM EDT Thu Aug 2 2018 PAZ054-055-060>062-030100- /O.CON.KPHI.FF.A.0011.180802T1800Z-180803T0400Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Carbon-Monroe-Berks-Lehigh-Northampton- Including the cities of Jim Thorpe, Stroudsburg, Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton 1238 PM EDT Thu Aug 2 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EDT TONIGHT... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of east central Pennsylvania and northeast Pennsylvania, including the following areas, in east central Pennsylvania, Berks, Lehigh, and Northampton. In northeast Pennsylvania, Carbon and Monroe. * Until midnight EDT tonight * Showers and thunderstorms containing heavy downpours will develop this afternoon. This activity will become better organized toward early evening and then weaken eventually late in the evening. While rainfall amounts area wide will generally average under one inch, locally heavy rainfall of 2 to 3 inches are possible where thunderstorms move over the same location. * Heavy rainfall within a short period of time can lead to rapidly rising water and flash flooding, particularly in urban areas, along small creeks and streams as the ground is already very saturated due to recent heavy rains over the past two weeks. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that there is the potential for flash flooding which can be life-threatening. Heavy rain is expected to occur over a short period of time. Rapidly rising flood waters may quickly inundate roadways and areas of poor drainage. Streams and creeks could leave their banks, flooding nearby properties. Please monitor the forecast, especially if you live in a location that is prone to flooding. Be prepared to take action if a flash flood warning is issued for your area. && $$ MPS
573 WGUS61 KPHI 021914 FFAPHI URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED Flood Watch National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ 314 PM EDT Thu Aug 2 2018 PAZ054-055-060>062-030500- /O.EXT.KPHI.FF.A.0011.000000T0000Z-180804T1200Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Carbon-Monroe-Berks-Lehigh-Northampton- Including the cities of Jim Thorpe, Stroudsburg, Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton 314 PM EDT Thu Aug 2 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH NOW IN EFFECT THROUGH SATURDAY MORNING... The Flash Flood Watch is now in effect for * Portions of east central Pennsylvania and northeast Pennsylvania, including the following areas, in east central Pennsylvania, Berks, Lehigh, and Northampton. In northeast Pennsylvania, Carbon and Monroe. * Through Saturday morning * Showers and thunderstorms containing heavy downpours will impact the region through this evening. This activity will become better organized in the early evening, and then will eventually weaken towards midnight tonight. While rainfall amounts area wide will generally average under one inch, locally heavy rainfall of 2 to 3 inches are possible where thunderstorms move over the same location. There will be a lull in the activity between around midnight or so tonight and Friday afternoon. For Friday afternoon through Friday night, another round of showers and thunderstorm producing heavy rainfall is expected. Therefore, the Flash Flood Watch has been extended through Saturday morning to cover the following round of activity. * Heavy rainfall within a short period of time can lead to rapidly rising water and flash flooding, particularly in urban areas, along small creeks and streams as the ground is already very saturated due to recent heavy rains over the past two weeks. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that there is the potential for flash flooding which can be life-threatening. Heavy rain is expected to occur over a short period of time. Rapidly rising flood waters may quickly inundate roadways and areas of poor drainage. Streams and creeks could leave their banks, flooding nearby properties. Please monitor the forecast, especially if you live in a location that is prone to flooding. Be prepared to take action if a flash flood warning is issued for your area. && $$ MPS
499 WGUS61 KPHI 030842 FFAPHI Flood Watch National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ 442 AM EDT Fri Aug 3 2018 PAZ054-055-060>062-031645- /O.CON.KPHI.FF.A.0011.000000T0000Z-180804T1200Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Carbon-Monroe-Berks-Lehigh-Northampton- Including the cities of Jim Thorpe, Stroudsburg, Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton 442 AM EDT Fri Aug 3 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH SATURDAY MORNING... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of eastern Pennsylvania including Berks, Lehigh, and Northampton, Carbon, and Monroe counties. * Through Saturday morning. * Scattered showers and thunderstorms developing this afternoon will contain brief heavy downpours. The threat for flash flooding increases with subsequent rounds of locally heavy rainfall from showers and storms tonight into early Saturday morning. * Heavy rainfall within a short period of time can lead to rapidly rising water and flash flooding, particularly in urban areas, along small creeks and streams as the ground is already very saturated due to recent heavy rains over the past two weeks. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that there is the potential for flash flooding which can be life-threatening. Heavy rain is expected to occur over a short period of time. Rapidly rising flood waters may quickly inundate roadways and areas of poor drainage. Streams and creeks could leave their banks, flooding nearby properties. Please monitor the forecast, especially if you live in a location that is prone to flooding. Be prepared to take action if a flash flood warning is issued for your area. && $$ JRK
802 WGUS61 KPHI 031311 FFAPHI Flood Watch National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ 911 AM EDT Fri Aug 3 2018 PAZ054-055-060>062-032200- /O.CON.KPHI.FF.A.0011.000000T0000Z-180804T1200Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Carbon-Monroe-Berks-Lehigh-Northampton- Including the cities of Jim Thorpe, Stroudsburg, Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton 911 AM EDT Fri Aug 3 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH SATURDAY MORNING... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of east central Pennsylvania and northeast Pennsylvania, including the following areas, in east central Pennsylvania, Berks, Lehigh, and Northampton. In northeast Pennsylvania, Carbon and Monroe. * Through Saturday morning * Scattered showers and thunderstorms developing this afternoon will contain brief heavy downpours. The threat for flash flooding increases with subsequent rounds of locally heavy rainfall from showers and thunderstorms tonight into early Saturday morning. * Heavy rainfall within a short period of time can lead to rapidly rising water and flash flooding, particularly in urban areas, along small creeks and streams as the ground is already very saturated due to recent heavy rains over the past two weeks. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that there is the potential for flash flooding which can be life-threatening. Heavy rain is expected to occur over a short period of time. Rapidly rising flood waters may quickly inundate roadways and areas of poor drainage. Streams and creeks could leave their banks, flooding nearby properties. Please monitor the forecast, especially if you live in a location that is prone to flooding. Be prepared to take action if a flash flood warning is issued for your area. && $$ MPS
602 WGUS61 KPHI 031912 FFAPHI Flood Watch National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ 312 PM EDT Fri Aug 3 2018 PAZ054-055-060>062-040400- /O.CON.KPHI.FF.A.0011.000000T0000Z-180804T1200Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Carbon-Monroe-Berks-Lehigh-Northampton- Including the cities of Jim Thorpe, Stroudsburg, Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton 312 PM EDT Fri Aug 3 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH SATURDAY MORNING... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of east central Pennsylvania and northeast Pennsylvania, including the following areas, in east central Pennsylvania, Berks, Lehigh, and Northampton. In northeast Pennsylvania, Carbon and Monroe. * Through Saturday morning * Scattered showers and thunderstorms into this evening will contain brief, heavy downpours. The threat for flash flooding increases with subsequent rounds of locally heavy rainfall from showers and thunderstorms late tonight into early Saturday morning. * Heavy rainfall within a short period of time can lead to rapidly rising water and flash flooding, particularly in urban areas, along small creeks and streams as the ground is already very saturated due to recent heavy rains over the past two weeks. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that there is the potential for flash flooding which can be life-threatening. Heavy rain is expected to occur over a short period of time. Rapidly rising flood waters may quickly inundate roadways and areas of poor drainage. Streams and creeks could leave their banks, flooding nearby properties. Please monitor the forecast, especially if you live in a location that is prone to flooding. Be prepared to take action if a flash flood warning is issued for your area. && $$ MPS
439 WGUS61 KPHI 031927 FFAPHI URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED Flood Watch National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ 327 PM EDT Fri Aug 3 2018 NJZ001-007-008-040400- /O.EXA.KPHI.FF.A.0011.000000T0000Z-180804T1200Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Sussex-Warren-Morris- Including the cities of Newton, Washington, and Morristown 327 PM EDT Fri Aug 3 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT THROUGH SATURDAY MORNING... The National Weather Service in Mount Holly has expanded the * Flash Flood Watch to include a portion of northern New Jersey, including the following areas, Morris, Sussex, and Warren. * Through Saturday morning * Scattered showers and thunderstorms into this evening will contain brief, heavy downpours. The threat for flash flooding increases with subsequent rounds of locally heavy rainfall from showers and thunderstorms late tonight into early Saturday morning. * Heavy rainfall within a short period of time can lead to rapidly rising water and flash flooding, particularly in urban areas, along small creeks and streams as the ground is already very saturated due to recent heavy rains over the past two weeks. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that there is the potential for flash flooding which can be life-threatening. Heavy rain is expected to occur over a short period of time. Rapidly rising flood waters may quickly inundate roadways and areas of poor drainage. Streams and creeks could leave their banks, flooding nearby properties. Please monitor the forecast, especially if you live in a location that is prone to flooding. Be prepared to take action if a flash flood warning is issued for your area. && $$ PAZ054-055-060>062-040400- /O.CON.KPHI.FF.A.0011.000000T0000Z-180804T1200Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Carbon-Monroe-Berks-Lehigh-Northampton- Including the cities of Jim Thorpe, Stroudsburg, Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton 327 PM EDT Fri Aug 3 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH SATURDAY MORNING... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of east central Pennsylvania and northeast Pennsylvania, including the following areas, in east central Pennsylvania, Berks, Lehigh, and Northampton. In northeast Pennsylvania, Carbon and Monroe. * Through Saturday morning * Scattered showers and thunderstorms into this evening will contain brief, heavy downpours. The threat for flash flooding increases with subsequent rounds of locally heavy rainfall from showers and thunderstorms late tonight into early Saturday morning. * Heavy rainfall within a short period of time can lead to rapidly rising water and flash flooding, particularly in urban areas, along small creeks and streams as the ground is already very saturated due to recent heavy rains over the past two weeks. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that there is the potential for flash flooding which can be life-threatening. Heavy rain is expected to occur over a short period of time. Rapidly rising flood waters may quickly inundate roadways and areas of poor drainage. Streams and creeks could leave their banks, flooding nearby properties. Please monitor the forecast, especially if you live in a location that is prone to flooding. Be prepared to take action if a flash flood warning is issued for your area. && $$ MPS
166 WGUS61 KPHI 040154 FFAPHI Flood Watch National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ 954 PM EDT Fri Aug 3 2018 NJZ001-007-008-PAZ054-055-060>062-041200- /O.CON.KPHI.FF.A.0011.000000T0000Z-180804T1200Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Sussex-Warren-Morris-Carbon-Monroe-Berks-Lehigh-Northampton- Including the cities of Newton, Washington, Morristown, Jim Thorpe, Stroudsburg, Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton 954 PM EDT Fri Aug 3 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 AM EDT SATURDAY... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * The New Jersey counties of Sussex, Warren and Morris, and the Pennsylvania counties of Berks, Lehigh, Northampton, Carbon and Monroe. * Until 8 AM EDT Saturday * Showers and isolated thunderstorms will contain heavy downpours. The threat of flash flooding will continue to increase with each subsequent round of locally heavy rainfall into early Saturday morning. * Heavy rainfall within a short period of time can lead to rapidly rising water and flash flooding. The main concern is for urban areas and locations along small streams and creeks as the ground is already saturated due to the heavy rain over the past two weeks. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that there is the potential for flash flooding which can be life-threatening. Heavy rain is expected to occur over a short period of time. Rapidly rising flood waters may quickly inundate roadways and areas of poor drainage. Streams and creeks could leave their banks, flooding nearby properties. Please monitor the forecast, especially if you live in a location that is prone to flooding. Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued for your area. && $$ Iovino
669 WGUS61 KPHI 040725 FFAPHI Flood Watch National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ 325 AM EDT Sat Aug 4 2018 NJZ001-007-008-PAZ054-055-060>062-041200- /O.CON.KPHI.FF.A.0011.000000T0000Z-180804T1200Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Sussex-Warren-Morris-Carbon-Monroe-Berks-Lehigh-Northampton- Including the cities of Newton, Washington, Morristown, Jim Thorpe, Stroudsburg, Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton 325 AM EDT Sat Aug 4 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 AM EDT THIS MORNING... The Flash Flood Watch continues for * Portions of northern New Jersey and Pennsylvania, including the following areas, in northern New Jersey, Morris, Sussex, and Warren. In Pennsylvania, Berks, Carbon, Lehigh, Monroe, and Northampton. * Until 8 AM EDT this morning. * Heavy showers and isolated thunderstorms will continue to affect the area early this morning. Flooding and flash flooding has already been occurring in portions of the watch area and additional rounds of heavy showers on already saturated ground will lead to the threat of further flash flooding. * Heavy rainfall within a short period of time can lead to rapidly rising water and flash flooding. The main concern is for urban areas and locations along small streams and creeks as the ground is already saturated due to the heavy rain over the past two weeks. * Showers will move out of the area by mid morning. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that there is the potential for flash flooding which can be life-threatening. Heavy rain is expected to occur over a short period of time. Rapidly rising flood waters may quickly inundate roadways and areas of poor drainage. Streams and creeks could leave their banks, flooding nearby properties. Please monitor the forecast, especially if you live in a location that is prone to flooding. Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued for your area. && $$ Fitzsimmons/CMS
523 WGUS61 KPHI 041140 FFAPHI URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED Flood Watch National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ 740 AM EDT Sat Aug 4 2018 PAZ054-055-060>062-041245- /O.CAN.KPHI.FF.A.0011.000000T0000Z-180804T1200Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Carbon-Monroe-Berks-Lehigh-Northampton- Including the cities of Jim Thorpe, Stroudsburg, Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton 740 AM EDT Sat Aug 4 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS CANCELLED... The Flash Flood Watch for portions of east central Pennsylvania and northeast Pennsylvania has been cancelled. Rainfall is ending across the area. $$ NJZ001-007-008-041600- /O.EXT.KPHI.FF.A.0011.000000T0000Z-180804T1600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Sussex-Warren-Morris- Including the cities of Newton, Washington, and Morristown 740 AM EDT Sat Aug 4 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON EDT TODAY... The Flash Flood Watch is now in effect for * A portion of northern New Jersey, including the following areas, Morris, Sussex, and Warren. * Until noon EDT today * Heavy showers and isolated thunderstorms will continue to affect the area this morning. Flooding and flash flooding has already been occurring in portions of the watch area and additional rounds of heavy showers on already saturated ground will lead to the threat of further flash flooding. * Heavy rainfall within a short period of time can lead to rapidly rising water and flash flooding. The main concern is for urban areas and locations along small streams and creeks as the ground is already saturated due to the heavy rain over the past two weeks. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Flash Flood Watch means that there is the potential for flash flooding which can be life-threatening. Heavy rain is expected to occur over a short period of time. Rapidly rising flood waters may quickly inundate roadways and areas of poor drainage. Streams and creeks could leave their banks, flooding nearby properties. Please monitor the forecast, especially if you live in a location that is prone to flooding. Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued for your area. && $$ po
515 WGUS61 KPHI 041452 FFAPHI Flood Watch National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ 1052 AM EDT Sat Aug 4 2018 NJZ001-007-008-041600- /O.CAN.KPHI.FF.A.0011.000000T0000Z-180804T1600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Sussex-Warren-Morris- Including the cities of Newton, Washington, and Morristown 1052 AM EDT Sat Aug 4 2018 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS CANCELLED... The Flash Flood Watch for a portion of northern New Jersey has been cancelled. Only scattered showers are expected this afternoon. $$
The office that day
Everything else NWS Philadelphia/Mount Holly issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 1, 8:59 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | PHI | Berks | 61 min |
| Aug 1, 9:54 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | PHI | Berks, Carbon, Lehigh | 66 min |
| Aug 1, 10:40 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | PHI | Berks, Bucks, Lehigh, Montgomery, Northampton | 37 min |
| Aug 1, 11:35 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | PHI | Chester, Delaware | 20 min |
| Aug 2, 1:50 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | PHI | Lehigh | 25 min |
| Aug 2, 2:19 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | PHI | Northampton | 41 min |
| Aug 2, 1:41 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | PHI | Burlington | 34 min |
| Aug 2, 2:09 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | PHI | Monmouth | 36 min |
| Aug 2, 3:41 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | PHI | Morris | 34 min |
| Aug 2, 6:02 PM EDT | Special Marine Warning | PHI | 58 min |
Nearby
Flash Flood Watches in Pennsylvania, 2018Flash Flood Watches in New Jersey, 2018Every flash flood watch in 2018
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.