Alert archive / Ohio / Beach Hazards Statements in 2018
Beach Hazards Statement 13, NWS Cleveland, OH
NWS Cleveland, OH issued this beach hazards statement at Sep 7, 2018, 3:36 PM EDT for 8 counties in Ohio; Erie County, Pennsylvania. It took effect at Sep 8, 2018, 3:00 AM EDT. It was in force for 55 hr.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Sep 7, 2018, 3:36 PM EDT (19:36 UTC)
- In effect from
- Sep 8, 2018, 3:00 AM EDT
- Expired
- Sep 10, 2018, 9:36 AM EDT
- In force
- 55 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Cleveland, OH
Counties Ashtabula County, OH, Cuyahoga County, OH, Erie County, OH, Lake County, OH, Lorain County, OH, Lucas County, OH, Ottawa County, OH, Sandusky County, OH, Erie County, PA
The radar
The Cleveland radar (KCLE), 27 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:36 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Detroit, MI (KDTX), launched 12:00Z, 7.6 hours before the alert went out and 168 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- No buoyant parcel
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 2024 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 24 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 16 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 52 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
498 WHUS41 KCLE 071936 CFWCLE Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 336 PM EDT Fri Sep 7 2018 OHZ003-007>012-089-PAZ001-080345- /O.NEW.KCLE.BH.S.0013.180908T0700Z-180909T0000Z/ Lucas-Ottawa-Sandusky-Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake- Ashtabula Lakeshore-Northern Erie- 336 PM EDT Fri Sep 7 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM EDT SATURDAY THROUGH SATURDAY EVENING... The National Weather Service in Cleveland has issued a Beach Hazards Statement, which is in effect from 3 AM EDT Saturday through Saturday evening. * TIMING...From late tonight through Saturday evening * LOCATION...Beaches from Lucas County east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$
11 follow-up statements
292 WHUS41 KCLE 080153 CFWCLE Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 953 PM EDT Fri Sep 7 2018 OHZ003-007>012-089-PAZ001-081000- /O.CON.KCLE.BH.S.0013.180908T0700Z-180909T0000Z/ Lucas-Ottawa-Sandusky-Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake- Ashtabula Lakeshore-Northern Erie- 953 PM EDT Fri Sep 7 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM EDT SATURDAY THROUGH SATURDAY EVENING... * TIMING...From late tonight through Saturday evening * LOCATION...Beaches from Lucas County east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$
744 WHUS41 KCLE 080855 CFWCLE Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 455 AM EDT Sat Sep 8 2018 OHZ003-007>012-089-PAZ001-081700- /O.EXT.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180909T0200Z/ Lucas-Ottawa-Sandusky-Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake- Ashtabula Lakeshore-Northern Erie- 455 AM EDT Sat Sep 8 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT NOW IN EFFECT THROUGH THIS EVENING... * TIMING...through Saturday evening * LOCATION...Beaches from Lucas County east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents. * WATER LEVELS...Prolonged east to northeast winds will lead to rising water levels along the south shore of Lake Erie from Toledo to Marblehead. Water levels will be monitored and Lakeshore Flooding is possible. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$
385 WHUS41 KCLE 081358 CFWCLE Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 958 AM EDT Sat Sep 8 2018 OHZ003-007>012-089-PAZ001-082200- /O.CON.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180909T0200Z/ Lucas-Ottawa-Sandusky-Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake- Ashtabula Lakeshore-Northern Erie- 958 AM EDT Sat Sep 8 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH THIS EVENING... * TIMING...through Saturday evening * LOCATION...Beaches from Lucas County east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents. * WATER LEVELS...Prolonged east to northeast winds will lead to rising water levels along the south shore of Lake Erie from Toledo to Marblehead. Water levels will be monitored and Lakeshore Flooding is possible. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$
394 WHUS41 KCLE 081900 CFWCLE URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 300 PM EDT Sat Sep 8 2018 OHZ003-007-090300- /O.NEW.KCLE.CF.W.0001.180908T1900Z-180909T2000Z/ /O.EXT.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180909T1000Z/ Lucas-Ottawa- 300 PM EDT Sat Sep 8 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT NOW IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE TONIGHT... ...COASTAL FLOOD WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM EDT SUNDAY... The National Weather Service in Cleveland has issued a Coastal Flood Warning, which is in effect until 4 PM EDT Sunday. * COASTAL FLOODING...Northeast winds will remain strong enough to keep water levels elevated across the western basin of Lake Erie. Water levels are currently 72 inches above 0 chart datum and may rise an additional an additional foot at times through Sunday afternoon. * Timing...through Saturday evening * LOCATION...Beaches from Lucas County east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents. Flooding along portions of the lakeshore of Lucas and Ottawa Counties is expected. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. A Coastal Flood Warning means that flooding is occurring or imminent. Coastal residents in the warned area should be alert for rising water...and take appropriate action to protect life and property. && $$ OHZ008>012-089-PAZ001-090300- /O.EXT.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180909T1000Z/ Sandusky-Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake-Ashtabula Lakeshore- Northern Erie- 300 PM EDT Sat Sep 8 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT NOW IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE TONIGHT... * TIMING...through Saturday evening * LOCATION...Beaches from Lucas County east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents. * WATER LEVELS...Prolonged east to northeast winds will lead to rising water levels along the south shore of Lake Erie from Toledo to Marblehead. Water levels will be monitored and Lakeshore Flooding is possible. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$
274 WHUS41 KCLE 090110 CFWCLE Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 910 PM EDT Sat Sep 8 2018 OHZ003-007-090915- /O.CON.KCLE.CF.W.0001.000000T0000Z-180909T2000Z/ /O.CON.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180909T1000Z/ Lucas-Ottawa- 910 PM EDT Sat Sep 8 2018 ...COASTAL FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM EDT SUNDAY... ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 AM EDT SUNDAY... * COASTAL FLOODING...Northeast winds will remain strong enough to keep water levels elevated across the western basin of Lake Erie. Water levels are currently 72 inches above 0 chart datum and may rise an additional an additional foot at times through Sunday afternoon. * Timing...through Saturday evening * LOCATION...Beaches from Lucas County east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents. Flooding along portions of the lakeshore of Lucas and Ottawa Counties is expected. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. A Coastal Flood Warning means that flooding is occurring or imminent. Coastal residents in the warned area should be alert for rising water...and take appropriate action to protect life and property. && $$ OHZ008>012-089-PAZ001-090915- /O.CON.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180909T1000Z/ Sandusky-Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake-Ashtabula Lakeshore- Northern Erie- 910 PM EDT Sat Sep 8 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 AM EDT SUNDAY... * TIMING...through Saturday evening * LOCATION...Beaches from Lucas County east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents. * WATER LEVELS...Prolonged east to northeast winds will lead to rising water levels along the south shore of Lake Erie from Toledo to Marblehead. Water levels will be monitored and Lakeshore Flooding is possible. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$
111 WHUS41 KCLE 090848 CFWCLE Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 448 AM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 ...Lakeshore flooding continues on western Lake Erie today... OHZ003-007-091700- /O.CAN.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180909T1000Z/ /O.EXT.KCLE.CF.W.0001.000000T0000Z-180910T0800Z/ Lucas-Ottawa- 448 AM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 ...COASTAL FLOOD WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 AM EDT MONDAY... ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT IS CANCELLED... The National Weather Service in Cleveland has cancelled the Beach Hazards Statement. * COASTAL FLOODING...Easterly winds near 30 knots on Lake Erie will keep water levels elevated across the western basin through tonight. At 4 AM the water level at Toledo was 71 inches above low water datum. Water levels may rise up to a foot today and are expected to peak this evening causing lakeshore flooding in Lucas and Ottawa Counties. * Timing...through 4 AM Monday. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Coastal Flood Warning means that flooding is occurring or imminent. Coastal residents in the warned area should be alert for rising water...and take appropriate action to protect life and property. && $$ OHZ008-091000- /O.CAN.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180909T1000Z/ Sandusky- 448 AM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT IS CANCELLED... The National Weather Service in Cleveland has cancelled the Beach Hazards Statement. * WATER LEVELS...Prolonged east to northeast winds will lead to rising water levels along the south shore of Lake Erie from Toledo to Marblehead. Water levels will be monitored and Lakeshore Flooding is possible. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$ OHZ009>012-089-PAZ001-091700- /O.EXT.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180910T0800Z/ Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake-Ashtabula Lakeshore-Northern Erie- 448 AM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT NOW IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE TONIGHT... * TIMING...through late tonight. * LOCATION...Beaches from Erie County Ohio east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents will continue. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$
582 WHUS41 KCLE 091358 CFWCLE Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 958 AM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 ...Lakeshore flooding continues on western Lake Erie today... OHZ003-007-092200- /O.CON.KCLE.CF.W.0001.000000T0000Z-180910T0800Z/ Lucas-Ottawa- 958 AM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 ...COASTAL FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 AM EDT MONDAY... * COASTAL FLOODING...Easterly winds near 30 knots on Lake Erie will keep water levels elevated across the western basin through tonight. At 945 AM the water level at Toledo was 74 inches above low water datum. Water levels may rise several more inches and is expected to peak this evening. This will cause lakeshore flooding in Lucas and Ottawa Counties. * Timing...through 4 AM Monday. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Coastal Flood Warning means that flooding is occurring or imminent. Coastal residents in the warned area should be alert for rising water...and take appropriate action to protect life and property. && $$ OHZ009>012-089-PAZ001-092200- /O.CON.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180910T0800Z/ Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake-Ashtabula Lakeshore-Northern Erie- 958 AM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE TONIGHT... * TIMING...through late tonight. * LOCATION...Beaches from Erie County Ohio east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents will continue. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$
581 WHUS41 KCLE 091940 CFWCLE Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 340 PM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 OHZ003-007-100345- /O.CON.KCLE.CF.W.0001.000000T0000Z-180910T0800Z/ Lucas-Ottawa- 340 PM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 ...COASTAL FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 AM EDT MONDAY... * COASTAL FLOODING...Easterly winds near 30 knots on Lake Erie will keep water levels elevated across the western basin through tonight. At 345 PM the water level at Toledo was down to 66 inches above low water datum, but the water level is expected to rise again above 72 inches this evening. This will cause lakeshore flooding in Lucas and Ottawa Counties tonight. * Timing...through 4 AM Monday. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Coastal Flood Warning means that flooding is occurring or imminent. Coastal residents in the warned area should be alert for rising water...and take appropriate action to protect life and property. && $$ OHZ009>012-089-PAZ001-100345- /O.CON.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180910T0800Z/ Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake-Ashtabula Lakeshore-Northern Erie- 340 PM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE TONIGHT... * TIMING...through late tonight. * LOCATION...Beaches from Erie County Ohio east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents will continue. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Beach Hazards Statement is issued when swimming risks exist from a combination of wind and large waves including rip currents and longshore currents. These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$
827 WHUS41 KCLE 100117 CFWCLE Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 917 PM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 OHZ003-007-100800- /O.CON.KCLE.CF.W.0001.000000T0000Z-180910T0800Z/ Lucas-Ottawa- 917 PM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 ...COASTAL FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 AM EDT MONDAY... * COASTAL FLOODING...Easterly winds near 30 knots on Lake Erie will keep water levels elevated across the western basin through tonight. At 900 PM the water level at Toledo was 84 inches above low water datum. This will cause lakeshore flooding in Lucas and Ottawa Counties tonight. * Timing...through 4 AM Monday. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Coastal Flood Warning means that flooding is occurring or imminent. Coastal residents in the warned area should be alert for rising water...and take appropriate action to protect life and property. && $$ OHZ009>012-089-PAZ001-100800- /O.CON.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180910T0800Z/ Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake-Ashtabula Lakeshore-Northern Erie- 917 PM EDT Sun Sep 9 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 AM EDT MONDAY... * TIMING...through late tonight. * LOCATION...Beaches from Erie County Ohio east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents will continue. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$
336 WHUS41 KCLE 100749 CFWCLE Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 349 AM EDT Mon Sep 10 2018 OHZ003-007-101400- /O.CAN.KCLE.CF.W.0001.000000T0000Z-180910T0800Z/ /O.EXB.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180910T1400Z/ Lucas-Ottawa- 349 AM EDT Mon Sep 10 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EDT THIS MORNING... ...COASTAL FLOOD WARNING IS CANCELLED... The National Weather Service in Cleveland has issued a Beach Hazards Statement which is in effect until 10 AM EDT this morning. The Coastal Flood Warning has been cancelled. * TIMING...Through this morning. * LOCATION...Lucas and Ottawa County beaches. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents. * COASTAL FLOODING...Winds have decreased enough to allow lake levels on the west end of Lake Erie to drop below 72 inches above low water datum. While levels will continue to drop through the morning, waves may still cause localized flooding and shore erosion into the morning hours. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$ OHZ008-101400- /O.EXB.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180910T1400Z/ Sandusky- 349 AM EDT Mon Sep 10 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EDT THIS MORNING... The National Weather Service in Cleveland has issued a Beach Hazards Statement, which is in effect until 10 AM EDT this morning. * TIMING...Through this morning. * LOCATION...Sandusky County beaches. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$ OHZ009>012-089-PAZ001-101400- /O.EXT.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180910T1400Z/ Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake-Ashtabula Lakeshore-Northern Erie- 349 AM EDT Mon Sep 10 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EDT THIS MORNING... * TIMING...Through this morning. * LOCATION...Beaches from Erie County Ohio east to Erie County Pennsylvania. * POTENTIAL IMPACTS...High swimming risk from waves and dangerous currents will continue. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... These swimming risks can create life- threatening conditions even for good swimmers. Follow the instruction of local authorities or stay out of the water. && $$
517 WHUS41 KCLE 101336 CFWCLE Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Cleveland OH 936 AM EDT Mon Sep 10 2018 OHZ003-007>012-089-PAZ001-101445- /O.CAN.KCLE.BH.S.0013.000000T0000Z-180910T1400Z/ Lucas-Ottawa-Sandusky-Erie-Lorain-Cuyahoga-Lake- Ashtabula Lakeshore-Northern Erie- 936 AM EDT Mon Sep 10 2018 ...BEACH HAZARDS STATEMENT IS CANCELLED... The National Weather Service in Cleveland has cancelled the Beach Hazards Statement. $$
The office that day
Everything else NWS Cleveland, OH issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 7, 3:36 PM EDT | Small Craft Advisory | CLE | 66 hr |
Nearby
Beach Hazards Statements in Ohio, 2018Beach Hazards Statements in Pennsylvania, 2018Every beach hazards statement in 2018
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.