Alert archive / Arizona / Wind Advisories in 2016

Wind Advisory 5, NWS Tucson, AZ

April 24, 20166 counties in Arizona

NWS Tucson, AZ issued this wind advisory at Apr 24, 2016, 2:00 PM MST for 6 counties in Arizona. It took effect at Apr 25, 2016, 12:00 PM MST. It was in force for 8 hr.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Apr 24, 2016, 2:00 PM MST (21:00 UTC)
In effect from
Apr 25, 2016, 12:00 PM MST
Expired
Apr 25, 2016, 7:58 PM MST
In force
8 hr
Issued by
NWS Tucson, AZ

Counties Cochise County, AZ, Graham County, AZ, Greenlee County, AZ, Pima County, AZ, Pinal County, AZ, Santa Cruz County, AZ

The radar

The Tucson radar (KEMX), 61 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:02 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Tuscon, AZ (KDMA), launched 12:00Z, 9.0 hours before the alert went out and 49 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Tuscon, AZ at 12:00Z on 2016-04-24Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Tuscon, AZ at 12:00Z on 2016-04-24The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 24 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
2649 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
35 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
24 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
194 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

363 
WWUS75 KTWC 242100
NPWTWC

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TUCSON AZ
200 PM MST SUN APR 24 2016

AZZ501>515-251200-
/O.NEW.KTWC.WI.Y.0005.160425T1900Z-160426T0300Z/
WESTERN PIMA COUNTY-TOHONO O'ODHAM NATION-
UPPER SANTA CRUZ RIVER VALLEY/ALTAR VALLEY-TUCSON METRO AREA-
SOUTH CENTRAL PINAL COUNTY-SOUTHEAST PINAL COUNTY-
UPPER SAN PEDRO RIVER VALLEY-
EASTERN COCHISE COUNTY BELOW 5000 FEET-UPPER GILA RIVER VALLEY-
WHITE MOUNTAINS OF GRAHAM AND GREENLEE COUNTIES-
GALIURO AND PINALENO MOUNTAINS-CHIRICAHUA MOUNTAINS-
DRAGOON AND MULE AND HUACHUCA AND SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS-
CATALINA AND RINCON MOUNTAINS-BABOQUIVARI MOUNTAINS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...AJO...ORGAN PIPE CACTUS N.M....SELLS...
NOGALES...TUCSON...GREEN VALLEY...MARANA...VAIL...
PICACHO PEAK STATE PARK...MAMMOTH...ORACLE...SIERRA VISTA...
BENSON...WILLCOX...CLIFTON...SAFFORD...HANNAGAN MEADOW...
MOUNT GRAHAM...CHIRICAHUA NM...BISBEE...CANELO HILLS...
MADERA CANYON...MOUNT LEMMON...SUMMERHAVEN
200 PM MST SUN APR 24 2016

...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM NOON TO 8 PM MST MONDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TUCSON HAS ISSUED A WIND
ADVISORY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM NOON TO 8 PM MST MONDAY. 

* IMPACTS...HIGH PROFILES VEHICLES WILL BE AFFECTED BY STRONG 
  CROSS WINDS. AREAS OF BLOWING DUST MAY QUICKLY AND DANGEROUSLY 
  REDUCE VISIBILITY. 

* TIMING...SOUTHWEST WINDS WILL INCREASE BY MIDDAY MONDAY AND
  PEAK DURING THE MID TO LATE AFTERNOON HOURS. SPEED45S WILL
  DECREASE AFTER SUNSET.

* WINDS...IN VALLEYS OF COCHISE COUNTY...EXPECT SUSTAINED WINDS OF
  30 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO ABOUT 50 MPH. VALLEY LOCATIONS
  ELSEWHERE...EXPECT SUSTAINED WINDS BETWEEN 25 AND 35 MPH WITH
  GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH. IN THE MOUNTAINS EXPECT SUSTAINED WINDS
  BETWEEN 30 AND 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH. ISOLATED
  LOCATIONS PRONE TO SOUTHWEST WINDS MAY EXPERIENCE HIGHER VALUES.

* FOR A DETAILED VIEW OF THE HAZARD AREA...VISIT 
  WEATHER.GOV/TUCSON AND CLICK ON THE DETAILED HAZARDS TAB 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT SUSTAINED WINDS OF 30 MPH OR GREATER
ARE EXPECTED IN THE VALLEYS...OR 35 MPH OR GREATER ABOVE
5000 FEET. HIGHER GUSTS ARE ALSO LIKELY. THIS COULD MAKE DRIVING
DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA
CAUTION.

&&

$$


VISIT US ON FACEBOOK...TWITTER...YOUTUBE...AND AT WEATHER.GOV/TUCSON
4 follow-up statements
825 
WWUS75 KTWC 250943
NPWTWC

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TUCSON AZ
243 AM MST MON APR 25 2016

AZZ501>515-251745-
/O.CON.KTWC.WI.Y.0005.160425T1900Z-160426T0300Z/
WESTERN PIMA COUNTY-TOHONO O'ODHAM NATION-
UPPER SANTA CRUZ RIVER VALLEY/ALTAR VALLEY-TUCSON METRO AREA-
SOUTH CENTRAL PINAL COUNTY-SOUTHEAST PINAL COUNTY-
UPPER SAN PEDRO RIVER VALLEY-
EASTERN COCHISE COUNTY BELOW 5000 FEET-UPPER GILA RIVER VALLEY-
WHITE MOUNTAINS OF GRAHAM AND GREENLEE COUNTIES-
GALIURO AND PINALENO MOUNTAINS-CHIRICAHUA MOUNTAINS-
DRAGOON AND MULE AND HUACHUCA AND SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS-
CATALINA AND RINCON MOUNTAINS-BABOQUIVARI MOUNTAINS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...AJO...ORGAN PIPE CACTUS N.M....SELLS...
NOGALES...TUCSON...GREEN VALLEY...MARANA...VAIL...
PICACHO PEAK STATE PARK...MAMMOTH...ORACLE...SIERRA VISTA...
BENSON...WILLCOX...CLIFTON...SAFFORD...HANNAGAN MEADOW...
MOUNT GRAHAM...CHIRICAHUA NM...BISBEE...CANELO HILLS...
MADERA CANYON...MOUNT LEMMON...SUMMERHAVEN
243 AM MST MON APR 25 2016

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM NOON TODAY TO 8 PM MST
THIS EVENING...

* IMPACTS...HIGH PROFILES VEHICLES WILL BE AFFECTED BY STRONG 
  CROSS WINDS. AREAS OF BLOWING DUST MAY QUICKLY AND DANGEROUSLY 
  REDUCE VISIBILITY. 

* TIMING...SOUTHWEST WINDS WILL INCREASE BY MIDDAY TODAY AND PEAK
  DURING THE MID TO LATE AFTERNOON HOURS. SPEEDS WILL DECREASE
  AFTER SUNSET.

* WINDS...IN VALLEYS OF COCHISE COUNTY...EXPECT SUSTAINED WINDS 
  OF 30 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO ABOUT 50 MPH. VALLEY 
  LOCATIONS ELSEWHERE...EXPECT SUSTAINED WINDS BETWEEN 25 AND 35 
  MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH. IN THE MOUNTAINS EXPECT SUSTAINED 
  WINDS BETWEEN 30 AND 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH. ISOLATED 
  LOCATIONS PRONE TO SOUTHWEST WINDS MAY EXPERIENCE HIGHER 
  VALUES. 

* FOR A DETAILED VIEW OF THE HAZARD AREA...VISIT 
  WEATHER.GOV/TUCSON AND CLICK ON THE DETAILED HAZARDS TAB 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT SUSTAINED WINDS OF 30 MPH OR GREATER
ARE EXPECTED IN THE VALLEYS...OR 35 MPH OR GREATER ABOVE
5000 FEET. HIGHER GUSTS ARE ALSO LIKELY. THIS COULD MAKE DRIVING
DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA
CAUTION.

&&

$$

VISIT US ON FACEBOOK...TWITTER...YOUTUBE...AND AT WEATHER.GOV/TUCSON
254 
WWUS75 KTWC 251634
NPWTWC

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TUCSON AZ
934 AM MST MON APR 25 2016

AZZ501>515-260300-
/O.CON.KTWC.WI.Y.0005.160425T1900Z-160426T0300Z/
WESTERN PIMA COUNTY-TOHONO O'ODHAM NATION-
UPPER SANTA CRUZ RIVER VALLEY/ALTAR VALLEY-TUCSON METRO AREA-
SOUTH CENTRAL PINAL COUNTY-SOUTHEAST PINAL COUNTY-
UPPER SAN PEDRO RIVER VALLEY-
EASTERN COCHISE COUNTY BELOW 5000 FEET-UPPER GILA RIVER VALLEY-
WHITE MOUNTAINS OF GRAHAM AND GREENLEE COUNTIES-
GALIURO AND PINALENO MOUNTAINS-CHIRICAHUA MOUNTAINS-
DRAGOON AND MULE AND HUACHUCA AND SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS-
CATALINA AND RINCON MOUNTAINS-BABOQUIVARI MOUNTAINS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...AJO...ORGAN PIPE CACTUS N.M....SELLS...
NOGALES...TUCSON...GREEN VALLEY...MARANA...VAIL...
PICACHO PEAK STATE PARK...MAMMOTH...ORACLE...SIERRA VISTA...
BENSON...WILLCOX...CLIFTON...SAFFORD...HANNAGAN MEADOW...
MOUNT GRAHAM...CHIRICAHUA NM...BISBEE...CANELO HILLS...
MADERA CANYON...MOUNT LEMMON...SUMMERHAVEN
934 AM MST MON APR 25 2016

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM MST THIS EVENING...

* IMPACTS...HIGH PROFILES VEHICLES WILL BE AFFECTED BY STRONG 
  CROSS WINDS. AREAS OF BLOWING DUST MAY QUICKLY AND DANGEROUSLY 
  REDUCE VISIBILITY. 

* TIMING...SOUTHWEST WINDS WILL PEAK DURING THE MID TO LATE
  AFTERNOON HOURS. SPEEDS WILL DECREASE AFTER SUNSET.

* WINDS...IN VALLEYS OF COCHISE COUNTY...EXPECT SUSTAINED WINDS 
  OF 30 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO ABOUT 50 MPH. VALLEY 
  LOCATIONS ELSEWHERE...EXPECT SUSTAINED WINDS BETWEEN 25 AND 35 
  MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH. IN THE MOUNTAINS EXPECT SUSTAINED 
  WINDS BETWEEN 30 AND 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH. ISOLATED 
  LOCATIONS PRONE TO SOUTHWEST WINDS MAY EXPERIENCE HIGHER 
  VALUES. 

* FOR A DETAILED VIEW OF THE HAZARD AREA...VISIT 
  WEATHER.GOV/TUCSON AND CLICK ON THE DETAILED HAZARDS TAB 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT SUSTAINED WINDS OF 30 MPH OR GREATER
ARE EXPECTED IN THE VALLEYS...OR 35 MPH OR GREATER ABOVE
5000 FEET. HIGHER GUSTS ARE ALSO LIKELY. THIS COULD MAKE DRIVING
DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA
CAUTION.

&&

$$


VISIT US ON FACEBOOK...TWITTER...YOUTUBE...AND AT WEATHER.GOV/TUCSON
234 
WWUS75 KTWC 252057
NPWTWC

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TUCSON AZ
157 PM MST MON APR 25 2016

AZZ508-260300-
/O.NEW.KTWC.DU.Y.0002.160425T2057Z-160426T0300Z/
/O.CON.KTWC.WI.Y.0005.000000T0000Z-160426T0300Z/
EASTERN COCHISE COUNTY BELOW 5000 FEET-
INCLUDING THE CITY OF...WILLCOX
157 PM MST MON APR 25 2016

...BLOWING DUST ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM MST THIS EVENING...
...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM MST THIS EVENING...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TUCSON HAS ISSUED A BLOWING DUST
ADVISORY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM MST THIS EVENING. 

* IMPACTS...BLOWING DUST CAN RESTRICT VISIBILITIES BELOW A MILE 
  POSING A SIGNIFICANT HAZARD TO MOTORISTS. IN ADDITION...STRONG 
  AND GUSTY WINDS WILL LIKELY SUSPEND DUST INTO THE AIR THAT 
  PEOPLE AND ANIMALS BREATHE. INDIVIDUALS WITH HEART DISEASE AND 
  RESPIRATORY SENSITIVITIES MAY WANT TO REDUCE THEIR LEVEL OF 
  EXERTION TO LIMIT THE DUST THEY BREATHE INTO THEIR LUNGS... 
  ESPECIALLY IF THEY ARE NEAR DUST-PRONE LOCATIONS. THOSE MOST 
  AT RISK MAY FEEL BETTER OF THEY AVOID OUTSIDE EXERCISE TODAY...
  KEEPING WINDOWS AND DOORS CLOSED TO HELP REDUCE EXPOSURE. 

* VISIBILITY...BELOW 1 MILE.

* TIMING...SOUTHWEST WINDS WILL PEAK DURING THE MID TO LATE 
  AFTERNOON HOURS. SPEEDS WILL DECREASE AFTER SUNSET. 

* WINDS...IN VALLEYS OF COCHISE COUNTY...EXPECT SUSTAINED WINDS 
  OF 30 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO ABOUT 50 MPH. VALLEY 
  LOCATIONS ELSEWHERE...EXPECT SUSTAINED WINDS BETWEEN 25 AND 35 
  MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH. IN THE MOUNTAINS EXPECT SUSTAINED 
  WINDS BETWEEN 30 AND 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH. ISOLATED 
  LOCATIONS PRONE TO SOUTHWEST WINDS MAY EXPERIENCE HIGHER 
  VALUES. 

* FOR A DETAILED VIEW OF THE HAZARD AREA...VISIT 
  WEATHER.GOV/TUCSON AND CLICK ON THE DETAILED HAZARDS TAB 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A BLOWING DUST ADVISORY MEANS THAT BLOWING DUST WILL RESTRICT
VISIBILITIES BELOW ONE MILE IN SOME AREAS. TRAVELERS ARE URGED TO
USE CAUTION. IF YOU ENCOUNTER LOCALIZED DENSE BLOWING DUST...
ESPECIALLY NEAR PLOWED FIELDS OR CONSTRUCTION SITES...DO NOT DRIVE
INTO IT IF AT ALL POSSIBLE.

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT SUSTAINED WINDS OF 30 MPH OR GREATER
ARE EXPECTED IN THE VALLEYS...OR 35 MPH OR GREATER ABOVE
5000 FEET. HIGHER GUSTS ARE ALSO LIKELY. THIS COULD MAKE DRIVING
DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA
CAUTION.

&&

$$

AZZ501>507-509>515-260300-
/O.CON.KTWC.WI.Y.0005.000000T0000Z-160426T0300Z/
WESTERN PIMA COUNTY-TOHONO O'ODHAM NATION-
UPPER SANTA CRUZ RIVER VALLEY/ALTAR VALLEY-TUCSON METRO AREA-
SOUTH CENTRAL PINAL COUNTY-SOUTHEAST PINAL COUNTY-
UPPER SAN PEDRO RIVER VALLEY-UPPER GILA RIVER VALLEY-
WHITE MOUNTAINS OF GRAHAM AND GREENLEE COUNTIES-
GALIURO AND PINALENO MOUNTAINS-CHIRICAHUA MOUNTAINS-
DRAGOON AND MULE AND HUACHUCA AND SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS-
CATALINA AND RINCON MOUNTAINS-BABOQUIVARI MOUNTAINS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...AJO...ORGAN PIPE CACTUS N.M....SELLS...
NOGALES...TUCSON...GREEN VALLEY...MARANA...VAIL...
PICACHO PEAK STATE PARK...MAMMOTH...ORACLE...SIERRA VISTA...
BENSON...CLIFTON...SAFFORD...HANNAGAN MEADOW...MOUNT GRAHAM...
CHIRICAHUA NM...BISBEE...CANELO HILLS...MADERA CANYON...
MOUNT LEMMON...SUMMERHAVEN
157 PM MST MON APR 25 2016

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM MST THIS EVENING...

* IMPACTS...HIGH PROFILES VEHICLES WILL BE AFFECTED BY STRONG 
  CROSS WINDS. AREAS OF BLOWING DUST MAY QUICKLY AND DANGEROUSLY 
  REDUCE VISIBILITY. 

* TIMING...SOUTHWEST WINDS WILL PEAK DURING THE MID TO LATE 
  AFTERNOON HOURS. SPEEDS WILL DECREASE AFTER SUNSET. 

* WINDS...IN VALLEYS OF COCHISE COUNTY...EXPECT SUSTAINED WINDS 
  OF 30 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO ABOUT 50 MPH. VALLEY 
  LOCATIONS ELSEWHERE...EXPECT SUSTAINED WINDS BETWEEN 25 AND 35 
  MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH. IN THE MOUNTAINS EXPECT SUSTAINED 
  WINDS BETWEEN 30 AND 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH. ISOLATED 
  LOCATIONS PRONE TO SOUTHWEST WINDS MAY EXPERIENCE HIGHER 
  VALUES. 

* FOR A DETAILED VIEW OF THE HAZARD AREA...VISIT 
  WEATHER.GOV/TUCSON AND CLICK ON THE DETAILED HAZARDS TAB 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT SUSTAINED WINDS OF 30 MPH OR GREATER
ARE EXPECTED IN THE VALLEYS...OR 35 MPH OR GREATER ABOVE
5000 FEET. HIGHER GUSTS ARE ALSO LIKELY. THIS COULD MAKE DRIVING
DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA
CAUTION.

&&

$$


VISIT US ON FACEBOOK...TWITTER...YOUTUBE...AND AT WEATHER.GOV/TUCSON
266 
WWUS75 KTWC 260258
NPWTWC

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TUCSON AZ
758 PM MST MON APR 25 2016

AZZ508-260400-
/O.CAN.KTWC.DU.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-160426T0300Z/
/O.CAN.KTWC.WI.Y.0005.000000T0000Z-160426T0300Z/
EASTERN COCHISE COUNTY BELOW 5000 FEET-
758 PM MST MON APR 25 2016

...BLOWING DUST ADVISORY AND WIND ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 8PM MST...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TUCSON HAS CANCELLED THE BLOWING
DUST ADVISORY. THE WIND ADVISORY HAS BEEN CANCELLED. 

WINDS HAVE BEGUN TO WANE ACROSS THE AREA...AND HAVE DROPPED BELOW
ADVISORY LEVELS. OVERNIGHT FURTHER WEAKENING OF WINDS IS EXPECTED
AND BLOWING DUST IS NOT ANTICIPATED.

$$

AZZ501>507-509>515-260400-
/O.CAN.KTWC.WI.Y.0005.000000T0000Z-160426T0300Z/
WESTERN PIMA COUNTY-TOHONO O'ODHAM NATION-
UPPER SANTA CRUZ RIVER VALLEY/ALTAR VALLEY-TUCSON METRO AREA-
SOUTH CENTRAL PINAL COUNTY-SOUTHEAST PINAL COUNTY-
UPPER SAN PEDRO RIVER VALLEY-UPPER GILA RIVER VALLEY-
WHITE MOUNTAINS OF GRAHAM AND GREENLEE COUNTIES-
GALIURO AND PINALENO MOUNTAINS-CHIRICAHUA MOUNTAINS-
DRAGOON AND MULE AND HUACHUCA AND SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS-
CATALINA AND RINCON MOUNTAINS-BABOQUIVARI MOUNTAINS-
758 PM MST MON APR 25 2016

...WIND ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 8PM MST...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TUCSON HAS CANCELLED THE WIND
ADVISORY. 

WINDS HAVE BEGUN TO WANE ACROSS THE AREA...AND HAVE DROPPED BELOW
ADVISORY LEVELS. OVERNIGHT FURTHER WEAKENING OF WINDS IS EXPECTED.

$$


VISIT US ON FACEBOOK...TWITTER...YOUTUBE...AND AT WEATHER.GOV/TUCSON

The office that day

Everything else NWS Tucson, AZ issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 24, 2:07 PM MSTRed Flag WarningTWCCochise, Graham, Greenlee, Pima, Pinal, Santa Cruz30 hr

Nearby

Wind Advisories in Arizona, 2016Every wind advisory in 2016

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.