Alert archive / Colorado / Red Flag Warnings in 2016

Red Flag Warning 32, NWS Pueblo, CO

November 16, 20167 counties in Colorado

NWS Pueblo, CO issued this red flag warning at Nov 16, 2016, 2:49 PM MST for 7 counties in Colorado. It took effect at Nov 17, 2016, 10:00 AM MST. It was in force for 8 hr. 18 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Nov 16, 2016, 2:49 PM MST (21:49 UTC)
In effect from
Nov 17, 2016, 10:00 AM MST
Expired
Nov 17, 2016, 6:00 PM MST
In force
8 hr
Issued by
NWS Pueblo, CO

Counties Baca County, CO, Bent County, CO, Huerfano County, CO, Las Animas County, CO, Otero County, CO, Prowers County, CO, Pueblo County, CO

The radar

The Pueblo radar (KPUX), 93 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:54 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Nov 17, 10:05 AM MSTHIGH SUST WINDS 171 S Pueblo, COMESONET STATION PUEBLO /KOAAT/.
Nov 17, 10:20 AM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 582 Ne Aguilar, COMESONET STATION 1 ENE AGUILAR /CO031/.
Nov 17, 10:30 AM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 45Aguilar, COMESONET STATION AGUILAR /E2802/.
Nov 17, 10:45 AM MSTHIGH SUST WINDS 181 Wnw Trinidad, COMESONET STATION TRINIDAD /TRNDD/.
Nov 17, 10:52 AM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 685 S La Veta Pass, COAWOS STATION LA VETA PASS /VTP/.
Nov 17, 10:57 AM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 421 Wnw Colorado City, COMESONET STATION 1 W COLORADO CITY /CCYC2/.
Nov 17, 11:30 AM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 351 Wnw Trinidad, COMESONET STATION TRINIDAD /D2978/.
Nov 17, 11:40 AM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 516 S Colorado City, COMESONET STATION 6 SSE COLORADO CITY /CO029/.
Nov 17, 11:55 AM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 533 Ese Hoehne, COASOS STATION TRINIDAD AIRPORT /TAD/.
Nov 17, 11:56 AM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 488 Nw Gardner, COMESONET STATION 8 NW GARDNER /BMOC2/.
Nov 17, 12:10 PM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 529 Nnw Walsenburg, COMESONET STATION 9 NNW WALSENBURG /CO030/.
Nov 17, 12:23 PM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 324 E Thatcher, COMESONET STATION 4 E THATCHER /CCEC2/.
Nov 17, 12:26 PM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 376 Ese Weston, COMESONET STATION 6 ESE WESTON /CUHC2/.
Nov 17, 12:51 PM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 459 S Springfield, COASOS STATION 8 S SPRINGFIELD /SPD/.
Nov 17, 12:53 PM MSTHIGH SUST WINDS 164 Wsw Lamar, COASOS STATION LAMAR AIRPORT /LAA/.
Nov 17, 1:05 PM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 457 Nne La Veta, COMESONET STATION 6 NNE LA VETA /C5482/.
Nov 17, 1:54 PM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 715 S La Veta Pass, COAWOS STATION LA VETA PASS /VTP/.
Nov 17, 1:54 PM MSTNON-TSTM WND GST 716 S La Veta Pass, COAWOS STATION LA VETA PASS /VTP/.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

The nearest sounding before it

Denver, CO (KDEN), launched 12:00Z, 9.8 hours before the alert went out and 237 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Denver, CO at 12:00Z on 2016-11-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Denver, CO at 12:00Z on 2016-11-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 110 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
4171 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
42 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
110 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
157 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

505 
WWUS85 KPUB 162149
RFWPUB

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PUEBLO CO
249 PM MST WED NOV 16 2016

...A RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR GUSTY WINDS...LOW
RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND DRY FUELS UNTIL 7 PM THIS EVENING...FOR
FIRE WEATHER ZONES 221...222...AND 224 THROUGH 237...WHICH
INCLUDES THE SAN LUIS VALLEY...THE EASTERN MOUNTAINS...AND ALL OF
THE SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO PLAINS...

...A RED FLAG WARNING HAS BEEN ISSUED FOR GUSTY WINDS...LOW
RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND DRY FUELS FROM 10 AM THURSDAY MORNING
THROUGH 6 PM THURSDAY EVENING...FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 228
THROUGH 230...232...233...AND 235 THROUGH 237...WHICH INCLUDES
PUEBLO...HUERFANO...LAS ANIMAS...OTERO...BENT...PROWERS AND BACA
COUNTIES...

COZ228>230-232-233-235>237-171400-
/O.UPG.KPUB.FW.A.0020.161117T1700Z-161118T0100Z/
/O.NEW.KPUB.FW.W.0032.161117T1700Z-161118T0100Z/
/O.CON.KPUB.FW.W.0031.000000T0000Z-161117T0200Z/
PUEBLO COUNTY INCLUDING PUEBLO-
HUERFANO COUNTY INCLUDING WALSENBURG-
WESTERN LAS ANIMAS COUNTY INCLUDING TRINIDAD AND THATCHER-
OTERO COUNTY INCLUDING LA JUNTA AND WESTERN COMANCHE GRASSLANDS-
EASTERN LAS ANIMAS COUNTY INCLUDING PINON CANYON-
BENT COUNTY INCLUDING LAS ANIMAS-PROWERS COUNTY INCLUDING LAMAR-
BACA COUNTY INCLUDING SPRINGFIELD AND EASTERN COMANCHE GRASSLANDS-
249 PM MST WED NOV 16 2016

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM MST THIS EVENING
FOR GUSTY WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND DRY FUELS FOR FIRE
WEATHER ZONES 229...230...233 AND 237...

...RED FLAG WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM TO 6 PM MST THURSDAY FOR
GUSTY WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND DRY FUELS FOR FIRE
WEATHER ZONES 228...229...230...232...233...235...236 AND 237...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PUEBLO HAS ISSUED A RED FLAG
WARNING FOR GUSTY WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND DRY FUELS...WHICH
IS IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM TO 6 PM MST THURSDAY. THE FIRE WEATHER
WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT.

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONES 228...229...230...232... 
  233...235...236 AND 237.

* WINDS...SOUTHWEST 15 TO 25 WITH GUSTS TO 35 MPH THROUGH THIS
  EVENING. SOUTHWEST 30 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 55 MPH ON
  THURSDAY.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...5 TO 10 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...EXTREME FIRE BEHAVIOR WITH RAPID RATES OF FIRE 
  GROWTH AND SPREAD WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH ANY FIRE STARTS TODAY 
  OR THURSDAY.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW....OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES CAN
CONTRIBUTE TO EXTREME FIRE BEHAVIOR.

&&

$$

COZ221-222-224>227-231-234-170200-
/O.CON.KPUB.FW.W.0031.000000T0000Z-161117T0200Z/
TELLER COUNTY/RAMPART RANGE INCLUDING PIKES PEAK AND FLORISSANT
FOSSIL BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT-
FREMONT COUNTY INCLUDING CANON CITY/HOWARD/TEXAS CREEK-
SAN LUIS VALLEY INCLUDING ALAMOSA/DEL NORTE/FORT GARLAND/SAGUACHE-
SOUTHERN FRONT RANGE INCLUDING SANGRE DE CRISTO MOUNTAINS/WET
MOUNTAINS/LA VETA PASS-
NORTHERN EL PASO COUNTY INCLUDING MONUMENT AND BLACK FOREST-
SOUTHERN EL PASO COUNTY INCLUDING FORT CARSON AND COLORADO
SPRINGS-CROWLEY COUNTY INCLUDING ORDWAY-
KIOWA COUNTY INCLUDING EADS-
249 PM MST WED NOV 16 2016

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM MST THIS EVENING
FOR GUSTY WINDS AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES
221...222...224...225...226...227...231 AND 234...

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONES 221...222...224...225... 
  226...227...231 AND 234.

* WINDS...SOUTHWEST 15 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 35 MPH.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...10 TO 15 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...EXTREME FIRE BEHAVIOR WITH RAPID RATES OF FIRE 
  GROWTH AND SPREAD WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH ANY FIRE STARTS TODAY.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW....OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES CAN
CONTRIBUTE TO EXTREME FIRE BEHAVIOR.

&&

$$
4 follow-up statements
472 
WWUS85 KPUB 170127
RFWPUB

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PUEBLO CO
627 PM MST WED NOV 16 2016

...A RED FLAG WARNING FOR GUSTY WINDS...LOW HUMIDITIES AND
DRY FUELS EXPIRED AT 6 PM THIS EVENING...FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES
221...222...AND 224 THROUGH 237...WHICH INCLUDES THE SAN LUIS
VALLEY...THE EASTERN MOUNTAINS...AND ALL OF THE SOUTHEAST COLORADO
PLAINS...

...A RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR GUSTY WINDS...LOW
HUMIDITIES AND DRY FUELS FROM 10 AM TO 6 PM THURSDAY...FOR FIRE
WEATHER ZONES 228 THROUGH 230...232...233...AND 235 THROUGH
237...WHICH INCLUDES PUEBLO...HUERFANO...LAS ANIMAS...OTERO...
BENT...PROWERS AND BACA COUNTIES...

COZ228>230-232-233-235>237-171730-
/O.CAN.KPUB.FW.W.0031.000000T0000Z-161117T0200Z/
/O.CON.KPUB.FW.W.0032.161117T1700Z-161118T0100Z/
PUEBLO COUNTY INCLUDING PUEBLO-
HUERFANO COUNTY INCLUDING WALSENBURG-
WESTERN LAS ANIMAS COUNTY INCLUDING TRINIDAD AND THATCHER-
OTERO COUNTY INCLUDING LA JUNTA AND WESTERN COMANCHE GRASSLANDS-
EASTERN LAS ANIMAS COUNTY INCLUDING PINON CANYON-
BENT COUNTY INCLUDING LAS ANIMAS-PROWERS COUNTY INCLUDING LAMAR-
BACA COUNTY INCLUDING SPRINGFIELD AND EASTERN COMANCHE GRASSLANDS-
627 PM MST WED NOV 16 2016

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM TO 6 PM MST
THURSDAY FOR GUSTY WINDS AND LOW HUMIDITIES FOR FIRE WEATHER
ZONES 228...229...230...232...233...235...236 AND 237... 
...RED FLAG WARNING FOR TODAY WAS EXPIRED AT 6 PM FOR FIRE
WEATHER ZONES 228...229...230...232...233...235...236 AND 237...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PUEBLO HAS EXPIRED THE RED FLAG
WARNING THAT WAS IN EFFECT FOR TODAY. THE RED FLAG WARNING FOR
THURSDAY REMAINS IN EFFECT.

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONES 228...229...230...232... 
  233...235...236 AND 237.

* WINDS...SOUTHWEST 30 TO 40 GUSTING TO 55 MPH.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...5 TO 10 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...RAPID RATES OF FIRE IGNITION...GROWTH AND SPREAD WILL
  BE POSSIBLE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW....OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW HUMIDITIES...AND DRY FUELS WILL CONTRIBUTE
TO THE POTENTIAL FOR EXTREME FIRE BEHAVIOR.

&&

$$

COZ221-222-224>227-231-234-170230-
/O.CAN.KPUB.FW.W.0031.000000T0000Z-161117T0200Z/
TELLER COUNTY/RAMPART RANGE INCLUDING PIKES PEAK AND FLORISSANT
FOSSIL BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT-
FREMONT COUNTY INCLUDING CANON CITY/HOWARD/TEXAS CREEK-
SAN LUIS VALLEY INCLUDING ALAMOSA/DEL NORTE/FORT GARLAND/SAGUACHE-
SOUTHERN FRONT RANGE INCLUDING SANGRE DE CRISTO MOUNTAINS/WET
MOUNTAINS/LA VETA PASS-
NORTHERN EL PASO COUNTY INCLUDING MONUMENT AND BLACK FOREST-
SOUTHERN EL PASO COUNTY INCLUDING FORT CARSON AND COLORADO
SPRINGS-CROWLEY COUNTY INCLUDING ORDWAY-
KIOWA COUNTY INCLUDING EADS-
627 PM MST WED NOV 16 2016

...RED FLAG WARNING FOR TODAY WAS EXPIRED AT 6 PM FOR GUSTY WINDS
AND LOW HUMIDITIES FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 221...222...224...225...
226...227...231 AND 234...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PUEBLO HAS EXPIRED THE RED FLAG
WARNING THAT WAS IN EFFECT FOR TODAY.

WINDS ARE CALMING DOWN ACROSS THE AREA AND HUMIDITIES ARE
BEGINNING TO RISE. CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS ARE NO LONGER
EXPECTED FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE EVENING.

$$
021 
WWUS85 KPUB 171052
RFWPUB

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PUEBLO CO
352 AM MST THU NOV 17 2016

...A RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR GUSTY WINDS...LOW
HUMIDITIES AND DRY FUELS FROM 10 AM TO 6 PM THURSDAY...FOR FIRE
WEATHER ZONES 228 THROUGH 230...232...233...AND 235 THROUGH 237...
WHICH INCLUDES PUEBLO...HUERFANO...LAS ANIMAS...OTERO... BENT...
PROWERS AND BACA COUNTIES...

COZ228>230-232-233-235>237-180100-
/O.CON.KPUB.FW.W.0032.161117T1700Z-161118T0100Z/
PUEBLO COUNTY INCLUDING PUEBLO-
HUERFANO COUNTY INCLUDING WALSENBURG-
WESTERN LAS ANIMAS COUNTY INCLUDING TRINIDAD AND THATCHER-
OTERO COUNTY INCLUDING LA JUNTA AND WESTERN COMANCHE GRASSLANDS-
EASTERN LAS ANIMAS COUNTY INCLUDING PINON CANYON-
BENT COUNTY INCLUDING LAS ANIMAS-PROWERS COUNTY INCLUDING LAMAR-
BACA COUNTY INCLUDING SPRINGFIELD AND EASTERN COMANCHE GRASSLANDS-
352 AM MST THU NOV 17 2016

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM THIS MORNING TO
6 PM MST THIS EVENING FOR GUSTY WINDS AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY
FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 228...229...230...232...233...235...
236 AND 237...

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONES 228...229...230...232... 
  233...235...236 AND 237.

* WINDS...SOUTHWEST 30 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 60 MPH.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AS LOW AS 11 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...RAPID RATES OF FIRE IGNITION...GROWTH AND SPREAD 
  WILL BE POSSIBLE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW....OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW HUMIDITIES...AND DRY FUELS WILL CONTRIBUTE TO
THE POTENTIAL FOR EXTREME FIRE BEHAVIOR.

&&

$$
866 
WWUS85 KPUB 172202
RFWPUB

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PUEBLO CO
302 PM MST THU NOV 17 2016

...A RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR GUSTY WINDS...LOW
HUMIDITIES AND DRY FUELS THROUGH 6 PM THIS EVENING...FOR FIRE
WEATHER ZONES 228 THROUGH 230...232...233...AND 235 THROUGH 237...
WHICH INCLUDES PUEBLO...HUERFANO...LAS ANIMAS...OTERO... BENT...
PROWERS AND BACA COUNTIES...

COZ228>230-232-233-235>237-180100-
/O.CON.KPUB.FW.W.0032.000000T0000Z-161118T0100Z/
PUEBLO COUNTY INCLUDING PUEBLO-
HUERFANO COUNTY INCLUDING WALSENBURG-
WESTERN LAS ANIMAS COUNTY INCLUDING TRINIDAD AND THATCHER-
OTERO COUNTY INCLUDING LA JUNTA AND WESTERN COMANCHE GRASSLANDS-
EASTERN LAS ANIMAS COUNTY INCLUDING PINON CANYON-
BENT COUNTY INCLUDING LAS ANIMAS-PROWERS COUNTY INCLUDING LAMAR-
BACA COUNTY INCLUDING SPRINGFIELD AND EASTERN COMANCHE GRASSLANDS-
302 PM MST THU NOV 17 2016

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM MST THIS EVENING
FOR GUSTY WINDS AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES
228...229...230...232...233...235...236 AND 237...

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONES 228...229...230...232... 
  233...235...236 AND 237.

* WINDS...WEST 30 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 60 MPH.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...NEAR 15 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...RAPID RATES OF FIRE IGNITION...GROWTH AND SPREAD 
  WILL BE POSSIBLE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW....OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW HUMIDITIES...AND DRY FUELS WILL CONTRIBUTE TO
THE POTENTIAL FOR EXTREME FIRE BEHAVIOR.

&&

$$
107 
WWUS85 KPUB 180054
RFWPUB

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PUEBLO CO
554 PM MST THU NOV 17 2016

...THE RED FLAG WARNING THAT HAS BEEN IN EFFECT FOR GUSTY WINDS
AND LOW HUMIDITIES WILL BE ALLOWED TO EXPIRE AT 6 PM...FOR FIRE
WEATHER ZONES 228 THROUGH 230...232...233...AND 235 THROUGH
237...WHICH INCLUDES PUEBLO...HUERFANO...LAS ANIMAS...OTERO...
BENT...PROWERS AND BACA COUNTIES...

COZ228>230-232-233-235>237-180200-
/O.EXP.KPUB.FW.W.0032.000000T0000Z-161118T0100Z/
PUEBLO COUNTY INCLUDING PUEBLO-
HUERFANO COUNTY INCLUDING WALSENBURG-
WESTERN LAS ANIMAS COUNTY INCLUDING TRINIDAD AND THATCHER-
OTERO COUNTY INCLUDING LA JUNTA AND WESTERN COMANCHE GRASSLANDS-
EASTERN LAS ANIMAS COUNTY INCLUDING PINON CANYON-
BENT COUNTY INCLUDING LAS ANIMAS-PROWERS COUNTY INCLUDING LAMAR-
BACA COUNTY INCLUDING SPRINGFIELD AND EASTERN COMANCHE GRASSLANDS-
554 PM MST THU NOV 17 2016

...RED FLAG WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 6 PM MST THIS EVENING FOR GUSTY
WINDS AND LOW HUMIDITIES FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 228...229...230...
232...233...235...236 AND 237...

WINDS ARE DECREASING AND HUMIDITIES ARE RISING AS A COLD FRONT
MOVES SOUTH THROUGH THE REGION. CONSEQUENTLY...THE RED FLAG
WARNING THAT HAS BEEN IN EFFECT WILL BE ALLOWED TO EXPIRE AT 6 PM.

$$

Nearby

Red Flag Warnings in Colorado, 2016Every red flag warning in 2016

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.