Alert archive / North Dakota / Blizzard Warnings in 2016
Blizzard Warning 5, NWS Grand Forks, ND
NWS Grand Forks, ND issued this blizzard warning at Dec 7, 2016, 3:29 PM CST for 8 counties in North Dakota. It was in force for 5 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Dec 7, 2016, 3:29 PM CST (21:29 UTC)
- Expired
- Dec 7, 2016, 8:55 PM CST
- In force
- 5 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Grand Forks, ND
Counties Barnes County, ND, Benson County, ND, Cavalier County, ND, Eddy County, ND, Griggs County, ND, Nelson County, ND, Ramsey County, ND, Towner County, ND
The radar
The Fargo/Grand Forks radar (KMVX), 111 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:31 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Bismarck Municip, ND (KBIS), launched 12:00Z, 9.5 hours before the alert went out and 205 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- No buoyant parcel
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 772 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 4 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 5 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 61 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
275 WWUS43 KFGF 072129 WSWFGF URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRAND FORKS ND 329 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 NDZ006-007-014-015-024-026-028-080300- /O.UPG.KFGF.WW.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-161208T0000Z/ /O.NEW.KFGF.BZ.W.0005.161207T2129Z-161208T0300Z/ TOWNER-CAVALIER-BENSON-RAMSEY-EDDY-NELSON-GRIGGS- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CANDO...LANGDON...FORT TOTTEN... MADDOCK...LEEDS...MINNEWAUKAN...DEVILS LAKE...NEW ROCKFORD... LAKOTA...MCVILLE...ANETA...TOLNA...COOPERSTOWN 329 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 ...BLIZZARD WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST THIS EVENING... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GRAND FORKS HAS ISSUED A BLIZZARD WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST THIS EVENING. THE WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. * TIMING...REDUCED VISIBILITY IN OPEN AREAS TO NEAR ZERO AT TIMES IN GROUND BLIZZARD CONDITIONS DUE TO BLOWING SNOW AND SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS...DIMINISHING AROUND 9 PM. * SNOW ACCUMULATIONS...UP TO 1 INCH. * WINDS...NORTHWEST 25 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH. * VISIBILITIES...A QUARTER MILE OR LESS IN OPEN COUNTRY. * WINDS / VISIBILITIES...WINDS GUSTING AS HIGH AS 45 MPH WILL CAUSE AREAS OF BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW...ESPECIALLY IN OPEN AREAS. THE LOWEST VISIBILITY WILL BE OVER THE DEVILS LAKE BASIN WHERE VISIBILITY WILL BE AT OR BELOW 1/2 MILE WITH NEAR WHITE OUT CONDITIONS POSSIBLE IN OPEN AREAS. * IMPACTS...STRONG WINDS WILL LEAD TO BLOWING SNOW...REDUCED VISIBILITY TO NEAR ZERO IN GROUND BLIZZARD CONDITIONS.. DANGEROUS WIND CHILLS MAY QUICKLY PRODUCE FROSTBITE ON EXPOSED SKIN. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A BLIZZARD WARNING MEANS SEVERE WINTER WEATHER CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. FALLING AND BLOWING SNOW WITH STRONG WINDS AND POOR VISIBILITIES ARE LIKELY. THIS WILL LEAD TO WHITEOUT CONDITIONS...MAKING TRAVEL EXTREMELY DANGEROUS. DO NOT TRAVEL. IF YOU MUST TRAVEL...HAVE A WINTER SURVIVAL KIT WITH YOU. IF YOU GET STRANDED...STAY WITH YOUR VEHICLE. && $$ NDZ038-080300- /O.UPG.KFGF.WW.Y.0012.000000T0000Z-161208T0000Z/ /O.NEW.KFGF.BZ.W.0005.161207T2129Z-161208T0300Z/ BARNES- INCLUDING THE CITY OF...VALLEY CITY 329 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 ...BLIZZARD WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST THIS EVENING... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GRAND FORKS HAS ISSUED A BLIZZARD WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST THIS EVENING. THE WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. * TIMING...REDUCED VISIBILITY IN OPEN AREAS TO NEAR ZERO AT TIMES IN GROUND BLIZZARD CONDITIONS DUE TO BLOWING SNOW AND SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS...DIMINISHING AROUND 9 PM. * SNOW ACCUMULATIONS...UP TO 1 INCH. * WINDS...NORTHWEST 25 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH. * VISIBILITIES...A QUARTER MILE OR LESS IN OPEN COUNTRY. * WINDS / VISIBILITIES...WINDS GUSTING AS HIGH AS 45 MPH WILL CAUSE AREAS OF BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW...ESPECIALLY IN OPEN AREAS. THE LOWEST VISIBILITY WILL BE OVER THE DEVILS LAKE BASIN WHERE VISIBILITY WILL BE AT OR BELOW 1/2 MILE WITH NEAR WHITE OUT CONDITIONS POSSIBLE IN OPEN AREAS. * IMPACTS...STRONG WINDS WILL LEAD TO BLOWING SNOW...REDUCED VISIBILITY TO NEAR ZERO IN GROUND BLIZZARD CONDITIONS.. DANGEROUS WIND CHILLS MAY QUICKLY PRODUCE FROSTBITE ON EXPOSED SKIN. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A BLIZZARD WARNING MEANS SEVERE WINTER WEATHER CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. FALLING AND BLOWING SNOW WITH STRONG WINDS AND POOR VISIBILITIES ARE LIKELY. THIS WILL LEAD TO WHITEOUT CONDITIONS...MAKING TRAVEL EXTREMELY DANGEROUS. DO NOT TRAVEL. IF YOU MUST TRAVEL...HAVE A WINTER SURVIVAL KIT WITH YOU. IF YOU GET STRANDED...STAY WITH YOUR VEHICLE. && $$ MNZ005-006-009-016-017-023-024-028-031-032-080000- /O.CON.KFGF.WW.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-161208T0000Z/ ROSEAU-LAKE OF THE WOODS-NORTH BELTRAMI-NORTH CLEARWATER- SOUTH BELTRAMI-SOUTH CLEARWATER-HUBBARD-EAST BECKER- EAST OTTER TAIL-WADENA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...ROSEAU...WARROAD...GREENBUSH... BAUDETTE...RED LAKE...REDBY...PONEMAH...BAGLEY...CLEARBROOK... BEMIDJI...ALIDA...EBRO...LAKE ITASCA...LONG LOST LAKE... LOWER RICE LAKE...ROY LAKE...UPPER RICE LAKE...PARK RAPIDS... WOLF LAKE...PERHAM...NEW YORK MILLS...PARKERS PRAIRIE...HENNING... BATTLE LAKE...WADENA...MENAHGA 329 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST THIS EVENING... * TIMING...EXPECT AREAS OF BLOWING SNOW IN OPEN AREAS AND SNOW SHOWERS TO CONTINUE THIS AFTERNOON...DIMINISHING AROUND 6 PM. * SNOW AND ICE ACCUMULATIONS...ADDITIONAL SNOW ACCUMULATIONS OF UP TO 1 INCH ARE EXPECTED. * WINDS / VISIBILITIES...LOOK FOR REDUCED VISIBILITIES AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY MEANS THAT PERIODS OF SNOW...SLEET OR FREEZING RAIN WILL CAUSE TRAVEL DIFFICULTIES. BE PREPARED FOR SLIPPERY ROADS AND LIMITED VISIBILITIES...AND USE CAUTION WHILE DRIVING. THE LATEST ROAD CONDITIONS FOR THE STATE YOU ARE CALLING FROM CAN BE OBTAINED BY CALLING 5 1 1. && $$ MNZ001>004-007-008-013>015-022-027-029-030-040-NDZ008-016-027-029- 030-039-049-052>054-080000- /O.CON.KFGF.WW.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-161208T0000Z/ WEST POLK-NORMAN-CLAY-KITTSON-WEST MARSHALL-EAST MARSHALL- PENNINGTON-RED LAKE-EAST POLK-MAHNOMEN-WEST BECKER-WILKIN- WEST OTTER TAIL-GRANT-PEMBINA-EASTERN WALSH COUNTY-GRAND FORKS- STEELE-TRAILL-CASS-RANSOM-SARGENT-RICHLAND-WESTERN WALSH COUNTY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CROOKSTON...EAST GRAND FORKS...ADA... TWIN VALLEY...HALSTAD...MOORHEAD...HALLOCK...KARLSTAD... LANCASTER...WARREN...STEPHEN...ARGYLE...NEWFOLDEN... MIDDLE RIVER...GRYGLA...THIEF RIVER FALLS...RED LAKE FALLS... FOSSTON...FERTILE...MCINTOSH...ERSKINE...MAHNOMEN...NAYTAHWAUSH... WAUBUN...DETROIT LAKES...BRECKENRIDGE...FERGUS FALLS... ELBOW LAKE...HOFFMAN...ASHBY...HERMAN...BARRETT...CAVALIER... WALHALLA...DRAYTON...PEMBINA...NECHE...ST. THOMAS...GRAFTON... PARK RIVER...GRAND FORKS...FINLEY...HOPE...MAYVILLE...HILLSBORO... HATTON...PORTLAND...FARGO...LISBON...ENDERLIN...GWINNER... MILNOR...FORMAN...RUTLAND...WAHPETON...EDINBURG...ADAMS...LANKIN 329 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST THIS EVENING... * TIMING...REDUCED VISIBILITY IN OPEN AREAS DUE TO BLOWING SNOW AND SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS...DIMINISHING AROUND 6 PM. * SNOW AND ICE ACCUMULATIONS...ADDITIONAL FLUFFY SNOW ACCUMULATIONS OF UP TO 1 INCH ARE EXPECTED. * WINDS / VISIBILITIES...WINDS GUSTING AS HIGH AS 40 MPH WILL CAUSE AREAS OF BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW...ESPECIALLY IN OPEN AREAS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY MEANS THAT PERIODS OF SNOW...SLEET OR FREEZING RAIN WILL CAUSE TRAVEL DIFFICULTIES. BE PREPARED FOR SLIPPERY ROADS AND LIMITED VISIBILITIES...AND USE CAUTION WHILE DRIVING. THE LATEST ROAD CONDITIONS FOR THE STATE YOU ARE CALLING FROM CAN BE OBTAINED BY CALLING 5 1 1. && $$
2 follow-up statements
732 WWUS43 KFGF 072347 WSWFGF URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRAND FORKS ND 547 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 MNZ006-009-016-017-023-024-028-031-032-080100- /O.EXP.KFGF.WW.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-161208T0000Z/ LAKE OF THE WOODS-NORTH BELTRAMI-NORTH CLEARWATER-SOUTH BELTRAMI- SOUTH CLEARWATER-HUBBARD-EAST BECKER-EAST OTTER TAIL-WADENA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...BAUDETTE...RED LAKE...REDBY...PONEMAH... BAGLEY...CLEARBROOK...BEMIDJI...ALIDA...EBRO...LAKE ITASCA... LONG LOST LAKE...LOWER RICE LAKE...ROY LAKE...UPPER RICE LAKE... PARK RAPIDS...WOLF LAKE...PERHAM...NEW YORK MILLS... PARKERS PRAIRIE...HENNING...BATTLE LAKE...WADENA...MENAHGA 547 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 6 PM CST THIS EVENING... VISIBILITY HAS IMPROVED LATE THIS AFTERNOON ACROSS NORTH CENTRAL MINNESOTA. THEREFORE...THE ADVISORY WILL BE ALLOWED TO EXPIRE AT 6 PM CST AS SCHEDULED. ROAD CONDITIONS MAY CONTINUE TO BE HAZARDOUS THROUGHOUT THE EVENING AND OVERNIGHT DUE TO EARLIER FALLING AND BLOWING SNOW. USE CAUTION IF YOU MUST TRAVEL AND STAY UP TO DATE ON THE LATEST ROAD AND WEATHER REPORTS. $$ NDZ006-007-014-015-024-026-028-038-080300- /O.CON.KFGF.BZ.W.0005.000000T0000Z-161208T0300Z/ TOWNER-CAVALIER-BENSON-RAMSEY-EDDY-NELSON-GRIGGS-BARNES- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CANDO...LANGDON...FORT TOTTEN... MADDOCK...LEEDS...MINNEWAUKAN...DEVILS LAKE...NEW ROCKFORD... LAKOTA...MCVILLE...ANETA...TOLNA...COOPERSTOWN...VALLEY CITY 547 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 ...BLIZZARD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST THIS EVENING... * TIMING...REDUCED VISIBILITY IN OPEN AREAS TO NEAR ZERO AT TIMES IN GROUND BLIZZARD CONDITIONS DUE TO BLOWING SNOW AND SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS...DIMINISHING AROUND 9 PM. * SNOW ACCUMULATIONS...MINIMAL NEW SNOW ACCUMULATIONS. * WINDS / VISIBILITIES...NORTHWEST WINDS OF 25 TO 35 MPH...GUSTING AS HIGH AS 45 MPH...WILL CAUSE AREAS OF BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW...ESPECIALLY IN OPEN AREAS. * IMPACTS...SLIPPERY AND SNOW COVERED ROADWAYS WILL CONTINUE WITH STRONG WINDS PRODUCING BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW AND REDUCED VISIBILITY. DANGEROUS WIND CHILLS MAY QUICKLY PRODUCE FROSTBITE ON EXPOSED SKIN. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A BLIZZARD WARNING MEANS SEVERE WINTER WEATHER CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. FALLING AND BLOWING SNOW WITH STRONG WINDS AND POOR VISIBILITIES ARE LIKELY. THIS WILL LEAD TO WHITEOUT CONDITIONS...ESPECIALLY IN RURAL AREAS...MAKING TRAVEL EXTREMELY DANGEROUS. DO NOT TRAVEL. IF YOU MUST TRAVEL...HAVE A WINTER SURVIVAL KIT WITH YOU. IF YOU GET STRANDED...STAY WITH YOUR VEHICLE. && $$ MNZ001>005-007-008-013>015-022-027-029-030-040-NDZ008-016-027-029- 030-039-049-052>054-080300- /O.EXT.KFGF.WW.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-161208T0300Z/ WEST POLK-NORMAN-CLAY-KITTSON-ROSEAU-WEST MARSHALL-EAST MARSHALL- PENNINGTON-RED LAKE-EAST POLK-MAHNOMEN-WEST BECKER-WILKIN- WEST OTTER TAIL-GRANT-PEMBINA-EASTERN WALSH COUNTY-GRAND FORKS- STEELE-TRAILL-CASS-RANSOM-SARGENT-RICHLAND-WESTERN WALSH COUNTY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CROOKSTON...EAST GRAND FORKS...ADA... TWIN VALLEY...HALSTAD...MOORHEAD...HALLOCK...KARLSTAD... LANCASTER...ROSEAU...WARROAD...GREENBUSH...WARREN...STEPHEN... ARGYLE...NEWFOLDEN...MIDDLE RIVER...GRYGLA...THIEF RIVER FALLS... RED LAKE FALLS...FOSSTON...FERTILE...MCINTOSH...ERSKINE... MAHNOMEN...NAYTAHWAUSH...WAUBUN...DETROIT LAKES...BRECKENRIDGE... FERGUS FALLS...ELBOW LAKE...HOFFMAN...ASHBY...HERMAN...BARRETT... CAVALIER...WALHALLA...DRAYTON...PEMBINA...NECHE...ST. THOMAS... GRAFTON...PARK RIVER...GRAND FORKS...FINLEY...HOPE...MAYVILLE... HILLSBORO...HATTON...PORTLAND...FARGO...LISBON...ENDERLIN... GWINNER...MILNOR...FORMAN...RUTLAND...WAHPETON...EDINBURG... ADAMS...LANKIN 547 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM CST THIS EVENING... * TIMING...REDUCED VISIBILITY IN OPEN AREAS DUE TO BLOWING SNOW AND SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS...DIMINISHING AROUND 9 PM. * SNOW ACCUMULATIONS...UP TO 1 INCH ADDITIONAL ACCUMULATION POSSIBLE. * WINDS / VISIBILITIES...NORTHWEST WINDS OF 25-30 MPH...GUSTING AS HIGH AS 40 MPH...MAY CAUSE AREAS OF BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW...ESPECIALLY IN OPEN AREAS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY MEANS THAT PERIODS OF SNOW AND BLOWING SNOW WILL CAUSE TRAVEL DIFFICULTIES. BE PREPARED FOR SLIPPERY ROADS AND LIMITED VISIBILITIES...AND USE CAUTION WHILE DRIVING. THE LATEST ROAD CONDITIONS FOR THE STATE YOU ARE CALLING FROM CAN BE OBTAINED BY CALLING 5 1 1. && $$ LEE
410 WWUS43 KFGF 080255 WSWFGF URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRAND FORKS ND 855 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 NDZ006-007-014-015-024-026-028-038-080400- /O.CAN.KFGF.BZ.W.0005.000000T0000Z-161208T0300Z/ TOWNER-CAVALIER-BENSON-RAMSEY-EDDY-NELSON-GRIGGS-BARNES- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CANDO...LANGDON...FORT TOTTEN... MADDOCK...LEEDS...MINNEWAUKAN...DEVILS LAKE...NEW ROCKFORD... LAKOTA...MCVILLE...ANETA...TOLNA...COOPERSTOWN...VALLEY CITY 855 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 ...BLIZZARD WARNING IS CANCELLED... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GRAND FORKS HAS CANCELLED THE BLIZZARD WARNING. WINDS HAVE DECREASED ACROSS THE WARNING AREA ALLOWING VISIBILITIES TO IMPROVE. WHILE WINDS WILL NOT BE QUITE AS STRONG AS EARLIER IN THE DAY...GUSTS OF 25-30 MPH WILL STILL BE POSSIBLE OVERNIGHT. THEREFORE...SOME REDUCTIONS IN VISIBILITY ARE STILL POSSIBLE THROUGHOUT THE OVERNIGHT HOURS...ESPECIALLY IN OPEN COUNTRY AND MORE RURAL AREAS. CONTINUE TO USE CAUTION IF TRAVELING. $$ MNZ001>005-007-008-013>015-022-027-029-030-040-NDZ008-016-027-029- 030-039-049-052>054-080400- /O.CAN.KFGF.WW.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-161208T0300Z/ WEST POLK-NORMAN-CLAY-KITTSON-ROSEAU-WEST MARSHALL-EAST MARSHALL- PENNINGTON-RED LAKE-EAST POLK-MAHNOMEN-WEST BECKER-WILKIN- WEST OTTER TAIL-GRANT-PEMBINA-EASTERN WALSH COUNTY-GRAND FORKS- STEELE-TRAILL-CASS-RANSOM-SARGENT-RICHLAND-WESTERN WALSH COUNTY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CROOKSTON...EAST GRAND FORKS...ADA... TWIN VALLEY...HALSTAD...MOORHEAD...HALLOCK...KARLSTAD... LANCASTER...ROSEAU...WARROAD...GREENBUSH...WARREN...STEPHEN... ARGYLE...NEWFOLDEN...MIDDLE RIVER...GRYGLA...THIEF RIVER FALLS... RED LAKE FALLS...FOSSTON...FERTILE...MCINTOSH...ERSKINE... MAHNOMEN...NAYTAHWAUSH...WAUBUN...DETROIT LAKES...BRECKENRIDGE... FERGUS FALLS...ELBOW LAKE...HOFFMAN...ASHBY...HERMAN...BARRETT... CAVALIER...WALHALLA...DRAYTON...PEMBINA...NECHE...ST. THOMAS... GRAFTON...PARK RIVER...GRAND FORKS...FINLEY...HOPE...MAYVILLE... HILLSBORO...HATTON...PORTLAND...FARGO...LISBON...ENDERLIN... GWINNER...MILNOR...FORMAN...RUTLAND...WAHPETON...EDINBURG... ADAMS...LANKIN 855 PM CST WED DEC 7 2016 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS CANCELLED... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GRAND FORKS HAS CANCELLED THE WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY. WINDS HAVE DECREASED ACROSS THE WARNING AREA ALLOWING VISIBILITIES TO IMPROVE. WHILE WINDS WILL NOT BE QUITE AS STRONG AS EARLIER IN THE DAY...SOME GUSTS OF 20-25 MPH WILL STILL BE POSSIBLE OVERNIGHT. THEREFORE...SOME REDUCTIONS IN VISIBILITY ARE STILL POSSIBLE THROUGHOUT THE OVERNIGHT HOURS...ESPECIALLY IN OPEN COUNTRY AND MORE RURAL AREAS. CONTINUE TO USE CAUTION IF TRAVELING. $$ LEE
The office that day
Everything else NWS Grand Forks, ND issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 7, 3:54 AM CST | Winter Weather Advisory | FGF | Barnes | 12 hr |
Nearby
Blizzard Warnings in North Dakota, 2016Every blizzard warning in 2016
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.