Alert archive / Georgia / Flash Flood Watches in 2014
Flash Flood Watch 3, NWS Atlanta, GA
NWS Atlanta, GA issued this flash flood watch at Oct 13, 2014, 4:03 PM EDT for 18 counties in Georgia. It took effect at Oct 14, 2014, 2:00 AM EDT. It was in force for 18 hr.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Oct 13, 2014, 4:03 PM EDT (20:03 UTC)
- In effect from
- Oct 14, 2014, 2:00 AM EDT
- Expired
- Oct 14, 2014, 8:15 PM EDT
- In force
- 18 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Atlanta, GA
- Flood severity
- None
Counties Bartow County, GA, Catoosa County, GA, Chattooga County, GA, Cherokee County, GA, Dade County, GA, Dawson County, GA, Fannin County, GA, Floyd County, GA, Gilmer County, GA, Gordon County, GA, Lumpkin County, GA, Murray County, GA, Pickens County, GA, Towns County, GA, Union County, GA, Walker County, GA, White County, GA, Whitfield County, GA
The radar
The Northeast Alabama radar (KHTX), 137 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:06 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Peachtre/Fal Fld, GA (KFFC), launched 12:00Z, 8.1 hours before the alert went out and 140 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 234 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -13 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 542 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 31 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 84 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 128 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.4
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
481 WGUS62 KFFC 132003 FFAFFC URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED FLOOD WATCH NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA 403 PM EDT MON OCT 13 2014 GAZ001>009-011>013-019>021-141200- /O.NEW.KFFC.FF.A.0003.141014T0600Z-141015T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ DADE-WALKER-CATOOSA-WHITFIELD-MURRAY-FANNIN-GILMER-UNION-TOWNS- CHATTOOGA-GORDON-PICKENS-FLOYD-BARTOW-CHEROKEE- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CALHOUN...ROME...CARTERSVILLE 403 PM EDT MON OCT 13 2014 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM EDT TUESDAY THROUGH LATE TUESDAY NIGHT... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PEACHTREE CITY HAS ISSUED A * FLASH FLOOD WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF NORTH GEORGIA. * FROM 2 AM EDT TUESDAY THROUGH LATE TUESDAY NIGHT. * SEVERAL ROUNDS OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAINFALL ARE LIKELY EARLY TUESDAY MORNING AND AGAIN LATER TUESDAY AFTERNOON...RESULTING IN POSSIBLE RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 2-3 INCHES OR LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS ACROSS PORTIONS OF NORTH GEORGIA. THE AREA GENERALLY ALONG AND NORTH OF A ROME TO CHEROKEE TO BLAIRSVILLE LINE IS WHERE THE FLOODING POTENTIAL MAY BE EXACERBATED FROM PREVIOUS HEAVY RAINFALL AMOUNTS IN THE PAST WEEK. ONE ROUND OF STORMS COULD DROP A QUICK 1.5 TO 2 INCHES AND RESULT IN FLOODING. * URBAN AREAS ALONG WITH OTHER LOW LYING ZONES MAY EXPERIENCE FLASH FLOODING. SEVERAL RIVERS COULD SEE BANKFULL OR MINOR FLOODING CONDITIONS...PARTICULARLY IN THE CONASAUGA RIVER AND LOOKOUT CREEK BASINS ALONG WITH OTHER SMALL CREEKS AND STREAMS IN THE WATCH AREA. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A FLASH FLOOD WATCH MEANS THAT CONDITIONS MAY DEVELOP THAT LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING. FLASH FLOODING IS A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION. YOU SHOULD MONITOR LATER FORECASTS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION SHOULD FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS BE ISSUED. && $$
5 follow-up statements
471 WGUS62 KFFC 140142 FFAFFC FLOOD WATCH NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA 942 PM EDT MON OCT 13 2014 GAZ001>009-011>013-019>021-141200- /O.CON.KFFC.FF.A.0003.141014T0600Z-141015T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ DADE-WALKER-CATOOSA-WHITFIELD-MURRAY-FANNIN-GILMER-UNION-TOWNS- CHATTOOGA-GORDON-PICKENS-FLOYD-BARTOW-CHEROKEE- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CALHOUN...ROME...CARTERSVILLE 942 PM EDT MON OCT 13 2014 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM EDT TUESDAY THROUGH LATE TUESDAY NIGHT... THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH CONTINUES FOR * PORTIONS OF NORTH GEORGIA. * FROM 2 AM EDT TUESDAY THROUGH LATE TUESDAY NIGHT. * SEVERAL ROUNDS OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAINFALL SHOULD OCCUR EARLY TUESDAY MORNING AND AGAIN LATER TUESDAY AFTERNOON. THIS SHOULD RESULT IN STORM TOTAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 2 TO 3 INCHES WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS POSSIBLE ACROSS PORTIONS OF NORTH GEORGIA. THE AREA GENERALLY ALONG AND NORTH OF A ROME TO CANTON TO BLAIRSVILLE LINE IS WHERE THE GREATEST RISK OF FLOODING EXISTS DUE TO WET SOILS FROM PREVIOUS HEAVY RAINFALL DURING THE PAST WEEK. THE FIRST ROUND OF STORMS EARLY TUESDAY COULD DROP A QUICK 1.5 TO 2 INCHES AND RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING. * URBAN AND LOW LYING AREAS MAY EXPERIENCE FLASH FLOODING WITH THE HEAVY RAINFALL. SEVERAL CREEKS AND RIVERS COULD SEE BANKFULL OR MINOR FLOODING CONDITIONS...PARTICULARLY IN THE CONASAUGA RIVER AND LOOKOUT CREEK BASINS ALONG WITH OTHER SMALL CREEKS AND STREAMS IN THE WATCH AREA. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A FLASH FLOOD WATCH MEANS THAT CONDITIONS MAY DEVELOP THAT LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING. FLASH FLOODING IS A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION. DO NOT DRIVE ACROSS FLOOD WATERS. TURN AROUND DO NOT DROWN. YOU SHOULD MONITOR LATER FORECASTS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION SHOULD FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS BE ISSUED. && $$ 16
954 WGUS62 KFFC 140723 FFAFFC URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED FLOOD WATCH NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA 323 AM EDT TUE OCT 14 2014 GAZ014>016-141530- /O.NEW.KFFC.FA.A.0004.141014T0800Z-141015T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ DAWSON-LUMPKIN-WHITE- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...DAHLONEGA...CLEVELAND 323 AM EDT TUE OCT 14 2014 ...FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE TONIGHT... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PEACHTREE CITY HAS ISSUED A * FLOOD WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF NORTHEAST GEORGIA. * THROUGH LATE TONIGHT * SEVERAL ROUNDS OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAINFALL ARE LIKELY THIS MORNING AND AGAIN LATER THIS AFTERNOON...RESULTING IN POSSIBLE RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 2-3 INCHES OR LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS ACROSS PORTIONS OF NORTH GEORGIA. THE AREA GENERALLY ALONG AND NORTH OF A ROME TO CHEROKEE TO CLEVELAND LINE IS WHERE THE FLOODING POTENTIAL MAY BE EXACERBATED FROM PREVIOUS HEAVY RAINFALL AMOUNTS IN THE PAST WEEK. ONE ROUND OF STORMS COULD DROP A QUICK 1.5 TO 2 INCHES AND RESULT IN FLOODING. * URBAN AREAS ALONG WITH OTHER LOW LYING ZONES MAY EXPERIENCE FLASH FLOODING. SEVERAL RIVERS COULD SEE BANKFULL OR MINOR FLOODING CONDITIONS...PARTICULARLY IN THE CONASAUGA RIVER AND LOOKOUT CREEK BASINS ALONG WITH OTHER SMALL CREEKS AND STREAMS IN THE WATCH AREA. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A FLOOD WATCH MEANS THERE IS A POTENTIAL FOR FLOODING BASED ON CURRENT FORECASTS. YOU SHOULD MONITOR LATER FORECASTS AND BE ALERT FOR POSSIBLE FLOOD WARNINGS. THOSE LIVING IN AREAS PRONE TO FLOODING SHOULD BE PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION SHOULD FLOODING DEVELOP. && $$ GAZ001>009-011>013-019>021-141530- /O.CON.KFFC.FF.A.0003.000000T0000Z-141015T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ DADE-WALKER-CATOOSA-WHITFIELD-MURRAY-FANNIN-GILMER-UNION-TOWNS- CHATTOOGA-GORDON-PICKENS-FLOYD-BARTOW-CHEROKEE- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CALHOUN...ROME...CARTERSVILLE 323 AM EDT TUE OCT 14 2014 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE TONIGHT... THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH CONTINUES FOR * PORTIONS OF NORTH GEORGIA. * THROUGH LATE TONIGHT * SEVERAL ROUNDS OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAINFALL SHOULD OCCUR EARLY THIS MORNING AND AGAIN LATER THIS AFTERNOON. THIS SHOULD RESULT IN STORM TOTAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 2 TO 3 INCHES WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS POSSIBLE ACROSS PORTIONS OF NORTH GEORGIA. THE AREA GENERALLY ALONG AND NORTH OF A ROME TO CANTON TO CLEVELAND LINE IS WHERE THE GREATEST RISK OF FLOODING EXISTS DUE TO WET SOILS FROM PREVIOUS HEAVY RAINFALL DURING THE PAST WEEK. THE FIRST ROUND OF STORMS EARLY TUESDAY COULD DROP A QUICK 1.5 TO 2 INCHES AND RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING. * URBAN AND LOW LYING AREAS MAY EXPERIENCE FLASH FLOODING WITH THE HEAVY RAINFALL. SEVERAL CREEKS AND RIVERS COULD SEE BANKFULL OR MINOR FLOODING CONDITIONS...PARTICULARLY IN THE CONASAUGA RIVER AND LOOKOUT CREEK BASINS ALONG WITH OTHER SMALL CREEKS AND STREAMS IN THE WATCH AREA. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A FLASH FLOOD WATCH MEANS THAT CONDITIONS MAY DEVELOP THAT LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING. FLASH FLOODING IS A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION. DO NOT DRIVE ACROSS FLOOD WATERS. TURN AROUND DO NOT DROWN. YOU SHOULD MONITOR LATER FORECASTS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION SHOULD FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS BE ISSUED. && $$
563 WGUS62 KFFC 140746 FFAFFC URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED FLOOD WATCH NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA 346 AM EDT TUE OCT 14 2014 GAZ014>016-141600- /O.CAN.KFFC.FA.A.0004.141014T0800Z-141015T0600Z/ /O.EXB.KFFC.FF.A.0003.141014T0800Z-141015T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ DAWSON-LUMPKIN-WHITE- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...DAHLONEGA...CLEVELAND 346 AM EDT TUE OCT 14 2014 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE TONIGHT... ...FLOOD WATCH IS CANCELLED... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PEACHTREE CITY HAS EXPANDED THE * FLASH FLOOD WATCH TO INCLUDE PORTIONS OF NORTH CENTRAL GEORGIA AND NORTHEAST GEORGIA. * THROUGH LATE TONIGHT * SEVERAL ROUNDS OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAINFALL SHOULD OCCUR EARLY THIS MORNING AND AGAIN LATER THIS AFTERNOON. THIS SHOULD RESULT IN STORM TOTAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 2 TO 3 INCHES WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS POSSIBLE ACROSS PORTIONS OF NORTH GEORGIA. THE AREA GENERALLY ALONG AND NORTH OF A ROME TO CANTON TO CLEVELAND LINE IS WHERE THE GREATEST RISK OF FLOODING EXISTS DUE TO WET SOILS FROM PREVIOUS HEAVY RAINFALL DURING THE PAST WEEK. THE FIRST ROUND OF STORMS EARLY TUESDAY COULD DROP A QUICK 1.5 TO 2 INCHES AND RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING. * URBAN AND LOW LYING AREAS MAY EXPERIENCE FLASH FLOODING WITH THE HEAVY RAINFALL. SEVERAL CREEKS AND RIVERS COULD SEE BANKFULL OR MINOR FLOODING CONDITIONS...PARTICULARLY IN THE CONASAUGA RIVER AND LOOKOUT CREEK BASINS ALONG WITH OTHER SMALL CREEKS AND STREAMS IN THE WATCH AREA. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A FLASH FLOOD WATCH MEANS THAT CONDITIONS MAY DEVELOP THAT LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING. FLASH FLOODING IS A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION. YOU SHOULD MONITOR LATER FORECASTS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION SHOULD FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS BE ISSUED. && THE FLOOD WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF NORTH CENTRAL GEORGIA AND NORTHEAST GEORGIA HAS BEEN CANCELLED. $$ GAZ001>009-011>013-019>021-141600- /O.CON.KFFC.FF.A.0003.000000T0000Z-141015T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ DADE-WALKER-CATOOSA-WHITFIELD-MURRAY-FANNIN-GILMER-UNION-TOWNS- CHATTOOGA-GORDON-PICKENS-FLOYD-BARTOW-CHEROKEE- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CALHOUN...ROME...CARTERSVILLE 346 AM EDT TUE OCT 14 2014 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE TONIGHT... THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH CONTINUES FOR * PORTIONS OF NORTH CENTRAL GEORGIA...NORTHEAST GEORGIA AND NORTHWEST GEORGIA. * THROUGH LATE TONIGHT * SEVERAL ROUNDS OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAINFALL SHOULD OCCUR EARLY THIS MORNING AND AGAIN LATER THIS AFTERNOON. THIS SHOULD RESULT IN STORM TOTAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 2 TO 3 INCHES WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS POSSIBLE ACROSS PORTIONS OF NORTH GEORGIA. THE AREA GENERALLY ALONG AND NORTH OF A ROME TO CANTON TO CLEVELAND LINE IS WHERE THE GREATEST RISK OF FLOODING EXISTS DUE TO WET SOILS FROM PREVIOUS HEAVY RAINFALL DURING THE PAST WEEK. THE FIRST ROUND OF STORMS EARLY TUESDAY COULD DROP A QUICK 1.5 TO 2 INCHES AND RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING. * URBAN AND LOW LYING AREAS MAY EXPERIENCE FLASH FLOODING WITH THE HEAVY RAINFALL. SEVERAL CREEKS AND RIVERS COULD SEE BANKFULL OR MINOR FLOODING CONDITIONS...PARTICULARLY IN THE CONASAUGA RIVER AND LOOKOUT CREEK BASINS ALONG WITH OTHER SMALL CREEKS AND STREAMS IN THE WATCH AREA. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A FLASH FLOOD WATCH MEANS THAT CONDITIONS MAY DEVELOP THAT LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING. FLASH FLOODING IS A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION. DO NOT DRIVE ACROSS FLOOD WATERS. TURN AROUND DO NOT DROWN. YOU SHOULD MONITOR LATER FORECASTS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION SHOULD FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS BE ISSUED. && $$
184 WGUS62 KFFC 141935 FFAFFC FLOOD WATCH NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA 335 PM EDT TUE OCT 14 2014 GAZ001>007-011>013-019>021-142045- /O.CAN.KFFC.FF.A.0003.000000T0000Z-141015T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ DADE-WALKER-CATOOSA-WHITFIELD-MURRAY-FANNIN-GILMER-CHATTOOGA- GORDON-PICKENS-FLOYD-BARTOW-CHEROKEE- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CALHOUN...ROME...CARTERSVILLE 335 PM EDT TUE OCT 14 2014 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS CANCELLED... THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF NORTH CENTRAL GEORGIA AND NORTHWEST GEORGIA HAS BEEN CANCELLED. STORM TOTAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 1.5 TO 3 INCHES OCCURRED OVER THE PREVIOUS WATCH AREA LATE LAST NIGHT AND TODAY. FLASH FLOODING HAS OCCURRED PRIMARILY IN DADE COUNTY AND WILL SLOWLY RECEDE DURING THE AFTERNOON. A FLOOD WARNING IS IN EFFECT FOR THE LOOKOUT CREEK NEAR NEW ENGLAND. THE OTHER COUNTIES IN THE PREVIOUS WATCH HAVE HAD SOME SIGNIFICANT RISES...BUT THEY HAVE REMAINED WITHIN THEIR BANKS. $$ GAZ008-009-014>016-150345- /O.CON.KFFC.FF.A.0003.000000T0000Z-141015T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ UNION-TOWNS-DAWSON-LUMPKIN-WHITE- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...DAHLONEGA...CLEVELAND 335 PM EDT TUE OCT 14 2014 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 2 AM EDT WEDNESDAY... THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH CONTINUES FOR * PORTIONS OF NORTHEAST GEORGIA. * UNTIL 2 AM EDT WEDNESDAY * RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 2 TO 4 INCHES HAVE OCCURRED OVER PORTIONS OF NORTHEAST GEORGIA LATE LAST NIGHT AND TODAY. MOST OF THE CREEKS AND RIVERS IN THE WATCH AREA ARE STILL RISING. SHOWERS WITH HEAVY RAIN WILL BE PASSING OVER THE AREA THROUGH 500 PM EDT WITH ADDITIONAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF AROUND ONE HALF INCH. THIS MAY BE ENOUGH TO CAUSE SOME FLASH FLOODING ON SOME OF THE SMALLER CREEKS AND STREAMS DUE TO RAPID RUNOFF OF THE SATURATED SOILS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A FLASH FLOOD WATCH MEANS THAT CONDITIONS MAY DEVELOP THAT LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING. FLASH FLOODING IS A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION. YOU SHOULD MONITOR LATER FORECASTS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION SHOULD FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS BE ISSUED. && THE FLOOD WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF NORTH CENTRAL GEORGIA AND NORTHEAST GEORGIA HAS BEEN CANCELLED. $$ 16
654 WGUS62 KFFC 150015 FFAFFC FLOOD WATCH NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA 815 PM EDT TUE OCT 14 2014 GAZ008-009-014>016-150115- /O.CAN.KFFC.FF.A.0003.000000T0000Z-141015T0600Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ UNION-TOWNS-DAWSON-LUMPKIN-WHITE- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...DAHLONEGA...CLEVELAND 815 PM EDT TUE OCT 14 2014 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS CANCELLED... THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF NORTHEAST GEORGIA HAS BEEN CANCELLED. STORM TOTAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 3 TO 5 INCHES OCCURRED LAST NIGHT AND TODAY IN THE PREVIOUS WATCH AREA. SEVERAL CREEKS AND RIVERS ROSE TO BANKFULL CONDITIONS...BUT HAVE RECENTLY CREST AND ARE NOW RECEDING. THE THREAT OF FLASH FLOODING HAS ENDED ACROSS NORTH GEORGIA. $$
The office that day
Everything else NWS Atlanta, GA issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 12, 9:56 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | FFC | Dade | 34 min |
Nearby
Flash Flood Watches in Georgia, 2014Every flash flood watch in 2014
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.