Alert archive / Arizona / Wind Advisories in 2012
Wind Advisory 21, NWS Las Vegas, NV
NWS Las Vegas, NV issued this wind advisory at Apr 1, 2012, 2:00 PM MST for Mohave County, Arizona; Clark County, Nevada; San Bernardino County, California. It took effect at Apr 2, 2012, 8:00 AM MST. It was in force for 11 hr.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Apr 1, 2012, 2:00 PM MST (21:00 UTC)
- In effect from
- Apr 2, 2012, 8:00 AM MST
- Expired
- Apr 2, 2012, 7:00 PM MST
- In force
- 11 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Las Vegas, NV
Counties Mohave County, AZ, San Bernardino County, CA, Clark County, NV
The radar
The Las Vegas radar (KESX), 15 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:04 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Las Vegas, NV (KVEF), launched 12:00Z, 9.0 hours before the alert went out and 101 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- No buoyant parcel
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 2061 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 67 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- -105 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 144 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
371 WWUS75 KVEF 012100 NPWVEF URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LAS VEGAS NV 200 PM PDT SUN APR 1 2012 .STRONG AND GUSTY NORTH WINDS WILL DEVELOP ON MONDAY IN THE COLORADO RIVER VALLEY...AS WELL AS ADJACENT PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN CLARK...EASTERN SAN BERNARDINO AND SOUTHERN MOHAVE COUNTIES. NVZ014-015-017-020-012200- /O.CAN.KVEF.WI.Y.0020.000000T0000Z-120402T0200Z/ ESMERALDA AND CENTRAL NYE COUNTY-LINCOLN COUNTY- WESTERN CLARK AND SOUTHERN NYE COUNTY-LAS VEGAS VALLEY- 200 PM PDT SUN APR 1 2012 ...WIND ADVISORY IS CANCELLED... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LAS VEGAS HAS CANCELLED THE WIND ADVISORY FOR ESMERALDA...CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN NYE...WESTERN CLARK AND LINCOLN COUNTIES AS WELL AS THE LAS VEGAS VALLEY. WIDESPREAD SUSTAINED NORTH WINDS OF 30 MPH WITH GUSTS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH HAVE NOT MATERIALIZED ACROSS THE AREA. THE WIND ADVISORY THAT WAS ISSUED UNTIL 7 PM PDT THIS EVENING HAS BEEN CANCELLED. $$ CAZ523-525-012200- /O.EXP.KVEF.WI.Y.0020.000000T0000Z-120401T2100Z/ WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT-MORONGO BASIN- INCLUDING...BARSTOW...DAGGETT...FORT IRWIN... MORONGO VALLEY...YUCCA VALLEY...TWENTYNINE PALMS 200 PM PDT SUN APR 1 2012 ...WIND ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 2 PM PDT THIS AFTERNOON... THE WIND ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 2 PM PDT THIS AFTERNOON FOR NORTHWEST SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY AND THE MORONGO BASIN. WEST TO NORTHWEST WINDS WILL CONTINUE TO DIMINISH OVER THE HIGH DESERT OF SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. THE WIND ADVISORY WILL BE ALLOWED TO EXPIRE AT 2 PM PDT. $$ AZZ002-036-CAZ527-NVZ021-021100- /O.UPG.KVEF.HW.A.0008.120402T1700Z-120402T2200Z/ /O.NEW.KVEF.WI.Y.0021.120402T1500Z-120403T0200Z/ LAKE HAVASU AND FORT MOHAVE-LAKE MEAD NATIONAL RECREATION AREA- SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY-UPPER COLORADO RIVER VALLEY- INCLUDING...LAKE HAVASU...DESERT HILLS...TOPOCK... BULLHEAD CITY...MOHAVE VALLEY...NEEDLES...HOOVER DAM...LAUGHLIN 200 PM PDT SUN APR 1 2012 /200 PM MST SUN APR 1 2012/ ...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM PDT /8 AM MST/ TO 7 PM PDT /7 PM MST/ MONDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LAS VEGAS HAS ISSUED A WIND ADVISORY FOR THE LAKE MEAD NATIONAL RECREATION AREA...LAKE HAVASU AND FORT MOHAVE AND THE COLORADO RIVER VALLEY OF FAR EASTERN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM PDT /8 AM MST/ TO 7 PM PDT /7 PM MST/ MONDAY. THE HIGH WIND WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. * WINDS: NORTH WINDS 25 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 55 MPH. * TIMING: WINDS WILL INCREASE MONDAY MORNING...PEAK IN INTENSITY IN THE LATE MORNING AND AFTERNOON HOURS BEFORE DECREASE EARLY MONDAY EVENING. * LOCATIONS: INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO LAKE HAVASU... TOPOCK...BULLHEAD CITY...NEEDLES...HOOVER DAM...LAUGHLIN. * IMPACTS: MOTORISTS...ESPECIALLY OF HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES...SHOULD USE CAUTION AND REMAIN ALERT FOR SUDDEN GUSTS OR CROSS WINDS. CHECK OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/LAS VEGAS FOR UPDATES ON THIS SITUATION. BOATERS IN THE WIND ADVISORY AREA SHOULD USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN VENTURING ONTO AREA LAKES. THESE WINDS WILL MAKE OPEN WATERS OF LAKES ROUGH AND HAZARDOUS...AND MAY RESULT IN HIGH WAVES WHICH MAY TIP OR SWAMP SMALLER CRAFT. FOR YOUR PERSONAL SAFETY...AVOID THE OPEN WATERS. STAY CLOSE TO SHORE OR AROUND PROTECTED AREAS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT CROSSWINDS ARE EXPECTED TO BE STRONG ENOUGH TO MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. IN ADDITION...STRONG WINDS OVER DESERT AREAS COULD RESULT IN BRIEFLY LOWERED VISIBILITIES TO WELL UNDER A MILE AT TIMES IN BLOWING DUST OR BLOWING SAND. USE EXTRA CAUTION. && $$ AZZ003-CAZ524-526-NVZ022-021100- /O.NEW.KVEF.WI.Y.0021.120402T1500Z-120403T0200Z/ NORTHWEST DESERTS-EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT-CADIZ BASIN- SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY- INCLUDING...KINGMAN...GOLDEN VALLEY...DOLAN SPRINGS... VALENTINE...WIKIEUP...YUCCA...BAKER...MOUNTAIN PASS... MITCHELL CAVERNS...VIDAL JUNCTION...PRIMM...SEARCHLIGHT... CAL-NEV-ARI 200 PM PDT SUN APR 1 2012 /200 PM MST SUN APR 1 2012/ ...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM PDT /8 AM MST/ TO 7 PM PDT /7 PM MST/ MONDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LAS VEGAS HAS ISSUED A WIND ADVISORY FOR SOUTHERN CLARK...EASTERN SAN BERNARDINO AND SOUTHERN MOHAVE COUNTIES...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM PDT /8 AM MST/ TO 7 PM PDT /7 PM MST/ MONDAY. * WINDS: NORTH WIND 25 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 55 MPH. * TIMING: WINDS WILL INCREASE MONDAY MORNING...PEAK IN INTENSITY IN THE LATE MORNING AND AFTERNOON HOURS BEFORE DECREASE EARLY MONDAY EVENING. * LOCATIONS: SEARCHLIGHT...ESSEX...VITAL JUNCTION...KINGMAN...YUCCA...GOLDEN VALLEY AND THE MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE. * IMPACTS: DRIVERS OF MOTORCYLES...VANS...CAMPERS...TRAILERS...AND ANY HIGH- PROFILE VEHICLE SHOULD BE ALERT TO THE DANGER OF THESE WINDS...ESPECIALLY WHEN DRIVING ALONG INTERSTATE 40 OR HIGHWAYS 163 IN SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY OR HIGHWAY 68 IN WESTERN MOHAVE COUNTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT CROSSWINDS ARE EXPECTED TO BE STRONG ENOUGH TO MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. IN ADDITION...STRONG WINDS OVER DESERT AREAS COULD RESULT IN BRIEFLY LOWERED VISIBILITIES TO WELL UNDER A MILE AT TIMES IN BLOWING DUST OR BLOWING SAND. USE EXTRA CAUTION. && $$ PIERCE
4 follow-up statements
735 WWUS75 KVEF 021026 NPWVEF URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LAS VEGAS NV 326 AM PDT MON APR 2 2012 .STRONG AND GUSTY NORTH WINDS ARE EXPECTED TODAY IN THE COLORADO RIVER VALLEY...AS WELL AS ADJACENT PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN CLARK...EASTERN SAN BERNARDINO AND SOUTHERN MOHAVE COUNTIES. AZZ002-003-036-CAZ524-526-527-NVZ021-022-022000- /O.CON.KVEF.WI.Y.0021.120402T1500Z-120403T0200Z/ LAKE HAVASU AND FORT MOHAVE-NORTHWEST DESERTS- LAKE MEAD NATIONAL RECREATION AREA-EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT- CADIZ BASIN-SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY-UPPER COLORADO RIVER VALLEY- SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY- INCLUDING...LAKE HAVASU...DESERT HILLS...TOPOCK... KINGMAN...GOLDEN VALLEY...DOLAN SPRINGS...VALENTINE...WIKIEUP... YUCCA...BULLHEAD CITY...MOHAVE VALLEY...BAKER...MOUNTAIN PASS... MITCHELL CAVERNS...VIDAL JUNCTION...NEEDLES...HOOVER DAM... LAUGHLIN...PRIMM...SEARCHLIGHT...CAL-NEV-ARI 326 AM PDT MON APR 2 2012 /326 AM MST MON APR 2 2012/ ...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM PDT /8 AM MST/ THIS MORNING TO 7 PM PDT /7 PM MST/ THIS EVENING... A WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM PDT /8 AM MST/ THIS MORNING TO 7 PM PDT /7 PM MST/ THIS EVENING FOR THE LAKE MEAD NATIONAL RECREATION AREA AND COLORADO RIVER VALLEY AND SOUTHERN CLARK...SOUTHERN MOHAVE AND EASTERN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES. * WINDS: NORTH WIND 25 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 55 MPH. * TIMING: WINDS WILL INCREASE THIS MORNING...PEAK IN INTENSITY IN THE LATE MORNING AND AFTERNOON HOURS BEFORE DECREASE EARLY THIS EVENING. * LOCATIONS: LAKE HAVASU...BULLHEAD CITY...NEEDLES...HOOVER DAM... LAUGHLIN...SEARCHLIGHT...ESSEX...VIDAL JUNCTION...KINGMAN... YUCCA...GOLDEN VALLEY AND THE MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE. * IMPACTS: DRIVERS OF MOTORCYLES...VANS...CAMPERS...TRAILERS... AND ANY HIGH PROFILE VEHICLE SHOULD BE ALERT TO THE DANGER OF THESE WINDS...ESPECIALLY WHEN DRIVING ALONG INTERSTATE 40 OR HIGHWAY 163 IN SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY OR HIGHWAY 68 IN WESTERN MOHAVE COUNTY OR HIGHWAY 93 ACROSS HOOVER DAM. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT CROSSWINDS ARE EXPECTED TO BE STRONG ENOUGH TO MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. IN ADDITION...STRONG WINDS OVER DESERT AREAS COULD RESULT IN BRIEFLY LOWERED VISIBILITIES TO WELL UNDER A MILE AT TIMES IN BLOWING DUST OR BLOWING SAND. USE EXTRA CAUTION. && $$
245 WWUS75 KVEF 021526 NPWVEF URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LAS VEGAS NV 826 AM PDT MON APR 2 2012 .STRONG AND GUSTY NORTH WINDS ARE EXPECTED TODAY IN THE COLORADO RIVER VALLEY...AS WELL AS ADJACENT PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN CLARK... EASTERN SAN BERNARDINO AND SOUTHERN MOHAVE COUNTIES. AZZ002-003-036-CAZ524-526-527-NVZ021-022-022330- /O.CON.KVEF.WI.Y.0021.000000T0000Z-120403T0200Z/ LAKE HAVASU AND FORT MOHAVE-NORTHWEST DESERTS- LAKE MEAD NATIONAL RECREATION AREA-EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT- CADIZ BASIN-SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY-UPPER COLORADO RIVER VALLEY- SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY- INCLUDING...LAKE HAVASU...DESERT HILLS...TOPOCK... KINGMAN...GOLDEN VALLEY...DOLAN SPRINGS...VALENTINE...WIKIEUP... YUCCA...BULLHEAD CITY...MOHAVE VALLEY...BAKER...MOUNTAIN PASS... MITCHELL CAVERNS...VIDAL JUNCTION...NEEDLES...HOOVER DAM... LAUGHLIN...PRIMM...SEARCHLIGHT...CAL-NEV-ARI 826 AM PDT MON APR 2 2012 /826 AM MST MON APR 2 2012/ ...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM PDT /7 PM MST/ THIS EVENING... A WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM PDT /7 PM MST/ THIS EVENING FOR THE LAKE MEAD NATIONAL RECREATION AREA AND COLORADO RIVER VALLEY AND SOUTHERN CLARK...SOUTHERN MOHAVE AND EASTERN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES. * WINDS: NORTH WIND 25 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 55 MPH. * TIMING: WINDS WILL INCREASE THIS MORNING...PEAK IN INTENSITY IN THE LATE MORNING AND AFTERNOON HOURS BEFORE DECREASE EARLY THIS EVENING. * LOCATIONS: LAKE HAVASU...BULLHEAD CITY...NEEDLES...HOOVER DAM... LAUGHLIN...SEARCHLIGHT...ESSEX...VIDAL JUNCTION... KINGMAN... YUCCA...GOLDEN VALLEY AND THE MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE. * IMPACTS: DRIVERS OF MOTORCYLES...VANS...CAMPERS...TRAILERS... AND ANY HIGH PROFILE VEHICLE SHOULD BE ALERT TO THE DANGER OF THESE WINDS...ESPECIALLY WHEN DRIVING ALONG INTERSTATE 40 OR HIGHWAY 163 IN SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY OR HIGHWAY 68 IN WESTERN MOHAVE COUNTY OR HIGHWAY 93 ACROSS HOOVER DAM. BOATERS IN THE WIND ADVISORY AREA SHOULD USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN VENTURING ONTO AREA LAKES. THESE WINDS WILL MAKE OPEN WATERS OF LAKES ROUGH AND HAZARDOUS...AND MAY RESULT IN HIGH WAVES WHICH MAY TIP OR SWAMP SMALLER CRAFT. FOR YOUR PERSONAL SAFETY...AVOID THE OPEN WATERS. STAY CLOSE TO SHORE OR AROUND PROTECTED AREAS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT CROSSWINDS ARE EXPECTED TO BE STRONG ENOUGH TO MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. IN ADDITION...STRONG WINDS OVER DESERT AREAS COULD RESULT IN BRIEFLY LOWERED VISIBILITIES TO WELL UNDER A MILE AT TIMES IN BLOWING DUST OR BLOWING SAND. USE EXTRA CAUTION. && $$ PIERCE
499 WWUS75 KVEF 022125 NPWVEF URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LAS VEGAS NV 225 PM PDT MON APR 2 2012 AZZ002-003-036-CAZ524-526-527-NVZ021-022-030200- /O.CON.KVEF.WI.Y.0021.000000T0000Z-120403T0200Z/ LAKE HAVASU AND FORT MOHAVE-NORTHWEST DESERTS- LAKE MEAD NATIONAL RECREATION AREA-EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT- CADIZ BASIN-SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY-UPPER COLORADO RIVER VALLEY- SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY- INCLUDING...LAKE HAVASU...DESERT HILLS...TOPOCK... KINGMAN...GOLDEN VALLEY...DOLAN SPRINGS...VALENTINE...WIKIEUP... YUCCA...BULLHEAD CITY...MOHAVE VALLEY...BAKER...MOUNTAIN PASS... MITCHELL CAVERNS...VIDAL JUNCTION...NEEDLES...HOOVER DAM... LAUGHLIN...PRIMM...SEARCHLIGHT...CAL-NEV-ARI 225 PM PDT MON APR 2 2012 /225 PM MST MON APR 2 2012/ ...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM PDT /7 PM MST/ THIS EVENING... A WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM PDT /7 PM MST/ THIS EVENING FOR THE LAKE MEAD NATIONAL RECREATION AREA AND COLORADO RIVER VALLEY AND SOUTHERN CLARK...SOUTHERN MOHAVE AND EASTERN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES. * WINDS: NORTH WIND 25 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH. * TIMING: WINDS WILL CONTINUE INTO THE EARLY EVENING BEFORE DECREASING. * LOCATIONS: LAKE HAVASU...BULLHEAD CITY...NEEDLES...HOOVER DAM... LAUGHLIN...SEARCHLIGHT...ESSEX...VIDAL JUNCTION... KINGMAN... YUCCA...GOLDEN VALLEY AND THE MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE. * IMPACTS: DRIVERS OF MOTORCYLES...VANS...CAMPERS...TRAILERS... AND ANY HIGH PROFILE VEHICLE SHOULD BE ALERT TO THE DANGER OF THESE WINDS...ESPECIALLY WHEN DRIVING ALONG INTERSTATE 40 OR HIGHWAY 163 IN SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY OR HIGHWAY 68 IN WESTERN MOHAVE COUNTY OR HIGHWAY 93 ACROSS HOOVER DAM. BOATERS IN THE WIND ADVISORY AREA SHOULD USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN VENTURING ONTO AREA LAKES. THESE WINDS WILL MAKE OPEN WATERS OF LAKES ROUGH AND HAZARDOUS...AND MAY RESULT IN HIGH WAVES WHICH MAY TIP OR SWAMP SMALLER CRAFT. FOR YOUR PERSONAL SAFETY...AVOID THE OPEN WATERS. STAY CLOSE TO SHORE OR AROUND PROTECTED AREAS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT CROSSWINDS ARE EXPECTED TO BE STRONG ENOUGH TO MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. IN ADDITION...STRONG WINDS OVER DESERT AREAS COULD RESULT IN BRIEFLY LOWERED VISIBILITIES TO WELL UNDER A MILE AT TIMES IN BLOWING DUST OR BLOWING SAND. USE EXTRA CAUTION. && $$ PIERCE
550 WWUS75 KVEF 030134 NPWVEF URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LAS VEGAS NV 634 PM PDT MON APR 2 2012 AZZ002-003-036-CAZ524-526-527-NVZ021-022-030245- /O.EXP.KVEF.WI.Y.0021.000000T0000Z-120403T0200Z/ LAKE HAVASU AND FORT MOHAVE-NORTHWEST DESERTS- LAKE MEAD NATIONAL RECREATION AREA-EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT- CADIZ BASIN-SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY-UPPER COLORADO RIVER VALLEY- SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY- INCLUDING...LAKE HAVASU...DESERT HILLS...TOPOCK... KINGMAN...GOLDEN VALLEY...DOLAN SPRINGS...VALENTINE...WIKIEUP... YUCCA...BULLHEAD CITY...MOHAVE VALLEY...BAKER...MOUNTAIN PASS... MITCHELL CAVERNS...VIDAL JUNCTION...NEEDLES...HOOVER DAM... LAUGHLIN...PRIMM...SEARCHLIGHT...CAL-NEV-ARI 634 PM PDT MON APR 2 2012 /634 PM MST MON APR 2 2012/ ...WIND ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 7 PM PDT /7 PM MST/ THIS EVENING... THE WIND ADVISORY FOR PORTIONS OF CLARK...MOHAVE AND SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES WILL EXPIRE AT 7 PM THIS EVENING. WINDS HAD SUBSIDED EARLY THIS EVENING...SO THE WIND ADVISORY WILL BE ALLOWED TO EXPIRE. $$ MORGAN
The office that day
Everything else NWS Las Vegas, NV issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 1, 3:57 AM MST | High Wind Watch | VEF | Mohave | 10 hr |
| Apr 1, 2:09 PM MST | Red Flag Warning | VEF | Mohave | 29 hr |
Nearby
Wind Advisories in Arizona, 2012Wind Advisories in Nevada, 2012Wind Advisories in California, 2012Every wind advisory in 2012
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.