Alert archive / Washington / Red Flag Warnings in 2012

Red Flag Warning 3, NWS Seattle, WA

August 17, 201215 counties in Washington

NWS Seattle, WA issued this red flag warning at Aug 17, 2012, 3:42 PM PDT for 15 counties in Washington. It took effect at Aug 18, 2012, 7:00 AM PDT. It was in force for 22 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Aug 17, 2012, 3:42 PM PDT (22:42 UTC)
In effect from
Aug 18, 2012, 7:00 AM PDT
Expired
Aug 19, 2012, 5:00 AM PDT
In force
22 hr
Issued by
NWS Seattle, WA

Counties Clallam County, WA, Grays Harbor County, WA, Island County, WA, Jefferson County, WA, King County, WA, Kitsap County, WA, Lewis County, WA, Mason County, WA, Pierce County, WA, San Juan County, WA, Skagit County, WA, Skamania County, WA, Snohomish County, WA, Thurston County, WA, Whatcom County, WA

The radar

The Seattle radar (KATX), 66 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:48 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Quillayute State, WA (KUIL), launched 12:00Z, 10.7 hours before the alert went out and 145 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Quillayute State, WA at 12:00Z on 2012-08-17Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Quillayute State, WA at 12:00Z on 2012-08-17The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -34 square meters per square second.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
1667 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
4 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-34 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
22 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

793 
WWUS86 KSEW 172242
RFWSEW

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SEATTLE WA
342 PM PDT FRI AUG 17 2012

...LIGHTNING EVENT ON SATURDAY AND SATURDAY NIGHT HAS THE
POTENTIAL TO START NEW FIRES...

.ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO SPREAD
ACROSS ALL OF WESTERN WASHINGTON ON SATURDAY WITH ONLY SMALL
AMOUNTS OF RAINFALL. LIGHTNING WOULD MOST LIKELY AFFECT THE COAST
AND OLYMPIC PENINSULA IN THE MORNING AND EARLY AFTERNOON...THEN
LIGHTNING WOULD PROGRESS EAST TO THE CASCADES BY LATE AFTERNOON
AND EVENING...POSSIBLY LINGERING OVER THE CASCADES THROUGH THE
NIGHT. GIVEN VERY DRY FUEL CONDITIONS... LIGHTNING HAS THE
POTENTIAL TO START NEW WILDFIRES. ONLY THE IMMEDIATE COAST AND
LOWER CHEHALIS VALLEY ARE LEFT OUT OF THIS RED FLAG WARNING DUE TO
THE LIKELY MOISTENING OF FINE FUELS FROM INCOMING MARINE AIR.
HOWEVER...COASTAL LOCATIONS HAVE THE SAME RISK OF LIGHTNING AS
OTHER WESTERN WASHINGTON LOCATIONS.

WAZ650-652-180645-
/O.UPG.KSEW.FW.A.0001.120818T1800Z-120819T1800Z/
/O.NEW.KSEW.FW.W.0003.120818T1400Z-120819T0600Z/
NORTH COASTAL LOWLANDS-WEST PORTION OF THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS-
342 PM PDT FRI AUG 17 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 7 AM TO 11 PM PDT SATURDAY FOR
LIGHTNING FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 650 AND 652...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SEATTLE HAS ISSUED A RED FLAG
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 7 AM TO 11 PM PDT SATURDAY. THE
FIRE WEATHER WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. 

* THUNDERSTORMS...ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOPING
  IN THE MORNING...THEN MOVING EAST OF THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA BY
  LATE AFTERNOON OR EVENING.

* IMPACTS...LIGHTNING WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO START NEW FIRES.
  THE EFFICIENCY WITH WHICH THE LIGHTNING MAY START NEW FIRES IS
  EXPECTED TO BE HIGH.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW...OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES WILL
CREATE EXPLOSIVE FIRE GROWTH POTENTIAL.

&&

$$

WAZ653>659-661-662-180645-
/O.UPG.KSEW.FW.A.0001.120818T1800Z-120819T1800Z/
/O.NEW.KSEW.FW.W.0003.120818T1900Z-120819T1200Z/
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA AND NORTHWEST INTERIOR LOWLANDS-
CENTRAL AND SOUTH PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS-
BLACK HILLS AND SOUTHWEST INTERIOR LOWLANDS-
NORTHEAST PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS GENERALLY BELOW 1500 FEET-
SOUTHEAST PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS GENERALLY BELOW 1500 FEET-
WEST SLOPES OF THE NORTH CASCADES GENERALLY ABOVE 1500 FEET-
WEST SLOPES OF THE CENTRAL CASCADES GENERALLY ABOVE 1500 FEET-
EAST PORTION OF THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS-
EAST PORTION OF NORTH CASCADES NATIONAL PARK/LAKE CHELAN NATIONAL
RECREATIONAL AREA-
342 PM PDT FRI AUG 17 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING IN EFFECT FROM NOON SATURDAY TO 5 AM PDT
SUNDAY FOR LIGHTNING FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 653...654...
655...656...657...658...659...661 AND 662...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SEATTLE HAS ISSUED A RED FLAG
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM NOON SATURDAY TO 5 AM PDT
SUNDAY. THE FIRE WEATHER WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. 

* THUNDERSTORMS...ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED
  TO DEVELOP OVER THE INTERIOR OF WESTERN WASHINGTON ON SATURDAY
  AFTERNOON...THEN SPREAD INTO THE CASCADES ON SATURDAY EVENING. 

* IMPACTS...LIGHTNING WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO START NEW FIRES.
  THE EFFICIENCY WITH WHICH THE LIGHTNING MAY START NEW FIRES IS
  EXPECTED TO BE HIGH.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW...OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES WILL
CREATE EXPLOSIVE FIRE GROWTH POTENTIAL.

&&

$$

HANER

WEATHER.GOV/SEATTLE
3 follow-up statements
569 
WWUS86 KSEW 172314
RFWSEW

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SEATTLE WA
414 PM PDT FRI AUG 17 2012

...LIGHTNING EVENT ON SATURDAY AND SATURDAY NIGHT HAS THE
POTENTIAL TO START NEW FIRES...

.ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO SPREAD
ACROSS ALL OF WESTERN WASHINGTON ON SATURDAY WITH ONLY SMALL
AMOUNTS OF RAINFALL. LIGHTNING WOULD MOST LIKELY AFFECT THE COAST
AND OLYMPIC PENINSULA IN THE MORNING AND EARLY AFTERNOON...THEN
LIGHTNING WOULD PROGRESS EAST TO THE CASCADES BY LATE AFTERNOON
AND EVENING...POSSIBLY LINGERING OVER THE CASCADES THROUGH THE
NIGHT. GIVEN VERY DRY FUEL CONDITIONS... LIGHTNING HAS THE
POTENTIAL TO START NEW WILDFIRES. ONLY THE IMMEDIATE COAST AND
LOWER CHEHALIS VALLEY ARE LEFT OUT OF THIS RED FLAG WARNING DUE
TO THE LIKELY MOISTENING OF FINE FUELS FROM INCOMING MARINE AIR.
HOWEVER...COASTAL LOCATIONS HAVE THE SAME RISK OF LIGHTNING AS
OTHER WESTERN WASHINGTON LOCATIONS.

WAZ650-652-181600-
/O.CON.KSEW.FW.W.0003.120818T1400Z-120819T0600Z/
NORTH COASTAL LOWLANDS-WEST PORTION OF THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS-
414 PM PDT FRI AUG 17 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 AM TO 11 PM PDT
SATURDAY FOR LIGHTNING FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 650 AND 652...

* THUNDERSTORMS...ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOPING 
  IN THE MORNING...THEN MOVING EAST OF THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA BY 
  LATE AFTERNOON OR EVENING. 

* IMPACTS...LIGHTNING WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO START NEW 
  FIRES. THE EFFICIENCY WITH WHICH THE LIGHTNING STARTS NEW 
  FIRES IS EXPECTED TO BE HIGH. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW...OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES WILL
CREATE EXPLOSIVE FIRE GROWTH POTENTIAL.

&&

$$

WAZ653>659-661-662-181600-
/O.CON.KSEW.FW.W.0003.120818T1900Z-120819T1200Z/
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA AND NORTHWEST INTERIOR LOWLANDS-
CENTRAL AND SOUTH PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS-
BLACK HILLS AND SOUTHWEST INTERIOR LOWLANDS-
NORTHEAST PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS GENERALLY BELOW 1500 FEET-
SOUTHEAST PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS GENERALLY BELOW 1500 FEET-
WEST SLOPES OF THE NORTH CASCADES GENERALLY ABOVE 1500 FEET-
WEST SLOPES OF THE CENTRAL CASCADES GENERALLY ABOVE 1500 FEET-
EAST PORTION OF THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS-
EAST PORTION OF NORTH CASCADES NATIONAL PARK/LAKE CHELAN NATIONAL
RECREATIONAL AREA-
414 PM PDT FRI AUG 17 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM NOON SATURDAY TO 5 AM
PDT SUNDAY FOR LIGHTNING FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 653...654...
655...656...657...658...659...661 AND 662...

* THUNDERSTORMS...ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE 
  EXPECTED TO DEVELOP OVER THE INTERIOR OF WESTERN WASHINGTON ON 
  SATURDAY AFTERNOON...THEN SPREAD INTO THE CASCADES ON SATURDAY 
  EVENING. 

* IMPACTS...LIGHTNING WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO START NEW 
  FIRES.THE EFFICIENCY WITH WHICH THE LIGHTNING STARTS NEW 
  FIRES IS EXPECTED TO BE HIGH. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW...OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES WILL
CREATE EXPLOSIVE FIRE GROWTH POTENTIAL.

&&

$$

HANER

WEATHER.GOV/SEATTLE
605 
WWUS86 KSEW 181555
RFWSEW

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SEATTLE WA
855 AM PDT SAT AUG 18 2012

...LIGHTNING EVENT ON SATURDAY AND SATURDAY NIGHT HAS THE
POTENTIAL TO START NEW FIRES...

.ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO SPREAD
ACROSS ALL OF WESTERN WASHINGTON TODAY WITH ONLY SMALL AMOUNTS OF
RAINFALL. LIGHTNING IS EXPECTED TO AFFECT THE COAST AND OLYMPIC
PENINSULA IN THE MORNING AND EARLY AFTERNOON...THEN THE LIGHTNING
THREAT WILL EXPAND EAST TO THE CASCADES BY LATE AFTERNOON AND
EVENING...POSSIBLY LINGERING OVER THE CASCADES THROUGH THE NIGHT.
GIVEN VERY DRY FUEL CONDITIONS... LIGHTNING HAS THE POTENTIAL TO
START NEW WILDFIRES. ONLY THE IMMEDIATE COAST AND LOWER CHEHALIS
VALLEY ARE LEFT OUT OF THIS RED FLAG WARNING DUE TO THE LIKELY
MOISTENING OF FINE FUELS FROM THE PAST TWO DAYS OF MARINE AIR.
HOWEVER...COASTAL LOCATIONS HAVE THE SAME RISK OF LIGHTNING AS
OTHER WESTERN WASHINGTON LOCATIONS.

WAZ650-652-190000-
/O.CON.KSEW.FW.W.0003.000000T0000Z-120819T0600Z/
NORTH COASTAL LOWLANDS-WEST PORTION OF THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS-
855 AM PDT SAT AUG 18 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM PDT THIS
EVENING FOR LIGHTNING FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 650 AND 652...

* THUNDERSTORMS...ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS MOVING UP
  THE COAST AND WESTERN OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS LATE THIS MORNING. THE
  LIGHTNING THREAT WILL MOVE EAST OF THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA BY
  LATE AFTERNOON OR EVENING.

* IMPACTS...LIGHTNING WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO START NEW 
  FIRES. THE EFFICIENCY WITH WHICH THE LIGHTNING STARTS NEW 
  FIRES IS EXPECTED TO BE HIGH.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN DRY LIGHTNING OR THE COMBINATION
OF STRONG WINDS AND LOW HUMIDITIES ARE IMMINENT OR OCCURRING.

&&

$$

WAZ653>659-661-662-190000-
/O.CON.KSEW.FW.W.0003.120818T1900Z-120819T1200Z/
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA AND NORTHWEST INTERIOR LOWLANDS-
CENTRAL AND SOUTH PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS-
BLACK HILLS AND SOUTHWEST INTERIOR LOWLANDS-
NORTHEAST PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS GENERALLY BELOW 1500 FEET-
SOUTHEAST PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS GENERALLY BELOW 1500 FEET-
WEST SLOPES OF THE NORTH CASCADES GENERALLY ABOVE 1500 FEET-
WEST SLOPES OF THE CENTRAL CASCADES GENERALLY ABOVE 1500 FEET-
EAST PORTION OF THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS-
EAST PORTION OF NORTH CASCADES NATIONAL PARK/LAKE CHELAN NATIONAL
RECREATIONAL AREA-
855 AM PDT SAT AUG 18 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM NOON TODAY TO 5 AM PDT
SUNDAY FOR LIGHTNING FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 653...654... 655...
656...657...658...659...661 AND 662...

* THUNDERSTORMS...ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE 
  EXPECTED TO DEVELOP OVER THE INTERIOR OF WESTERN WASHINGTON ON 
  THIS AFTERNOON...THEN SPREAD INTO THE CASCADES ON SATURDAY 
  EVENING. 

* IMPACTS...LIGHTNING WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO START NEW 
  FIRES. THE EFFICIENCY WITH WHICH THE LIGHTNING STARTS NEW 
  FIRES IS EXPECTED TO BE HIGH.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN DRY LIGHTNING OR THE COMBINATION
OF STRONG WINDS AND LOW HUMIDITIES ARE IMMINENT OR OCCURRING.

&&

$$

HANER

WEATHER.GOV/SEATTLE
448 
WWUS86 KSEW 182354
RFWSEW

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SEATTLE WA
454 PM PDT SAT AUG 18 2012

...LIGHTNING EVENT THROUGH TONIGHT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO START NEW
FIRES...

.MID-LEVEL MOISTURE AND INSTABILITY WERE STREAMING ACROSS WESTERN
WASHINGTON THIS AFTERNOON. AS OF 430 PM...MANY LIGHTNING STRIKES
HAD OCCURRED OFFSHORE...BUT NONE HAD YET OCCURRED OVER LAND. EVEN
SO...THE THREAT OF ISOLATED TO SCATTERED LIGHTNING CONTINUES.
THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTAIN VERY LITTLE RAINFALL. THE HIGHEST RISK
FOR LIGHTNING LATE THIS AFTERNOON STRETCHED FROM NEAR CHEHALIS
NORTH-NORTHWEST TO NEAR PORT ANGELES. THE HIGHEST RISK WILL SHIFT
NORTHEAST THIS EVENING...REACHING A LINE FROM SNOQUALMIE PASS TO
THE SAN JUAN ISLANDS BY 11 PM. THE RISK WILL CONTINUE NORTHEAST
OVERNIGHT INTO THE NORTH CASCADES. A LITTLE RESIDUAL LIGHTNING IS
POSSIBLE OVER BOTH THE CENTRAL AND NORTH CASCADES ON SUNDAY
MORNING.

WAZ653>659-661-662-191200-
/O.CON.KSEW.FW.W.0003.000000T0000Z-120819T1200Z/
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA AND NORTHWEST INTERIOR LOWLANDS-
CENTRAL AND SOUTH PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS-
BLACK HILLS AND SOUTHWEST INTERIOR LOWLANDS-
NORTHEAST PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS GENERALLY BELOW 1500 FEET-
SOUTHEAST PUGET SOUND LOWLANDS GENERALLY BELOW 1500 FEET-
WEST SLOPES OF THE NORTH CASCADES GENERALLY ABOVE 1500 FEET-
WEST SLOPES OF THE CENTRAL CASCADES GENERALLY ABOVE 1500 FEET-
EAST PORTION OF THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS-
EAST PORTION OF NORTH CASCADES NATIONAL PARK/LAKE CHELAN NATIONAL
RECREATIONAL AREA-
454 PM PDT SAT AUG 18 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 AM PDT SUNDAY FOR
LIGHTNING FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 653...654...655...656...
657...658...659...661 AND 662...

* THUNDERSTORMS...ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED
  TO DEVELOP OVER THE INTERIOR LOWLANDS OF WESTERN WASHINGTON THIS
  EVENING...THEN SPREAD INTO THE CASCADES LATER TONIGHT. THE RISK
  OF LIGHTNING WILL END ON SUNDAY MORNING.

* IMPACTS...LIGHTNING WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO START NEW 
  FIRES. THE EFFICIENCY WITH WHICH THE LIGHTNING STARTS NEW 
  FIRES IS EXPECTED TO BE HIGH.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN DRY LIGHTNING OR THE
COMBINATION OF STRONG WINDS AND LOW HUMIDITIES ARE IMMINENT OR
OCCURRING.

&&

$$

WAZ650-652-190600-
/O.CON.KSEW.FW.W.0003.000000T0000Z-120819T0600Z/
NORTH COASTAL LOWLANDS-WEST PORTION OF THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS-
454 PM PDT SAT AUG 18 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM PDT THIS
EVENING FOR LIGHTNING FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 650 AND 652...

* THUNDERSTORMS...THE THREAT OF THUNDERSTORMS CONTINUES THIS
  EVENING BUT WILL END BY MIDNIGHT. 

* IMPACTS...LIGHTNING WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO START NEW 
  FIRES. THE EFFICIENCY WITH WHICH THE LIGHTNING STARTS NEW 
  FIRES IS EXPECTED TO BE HIGH.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN DRY LIGHTNING OR THE
COMBINATION OF STRONG WINDS AND LOW HUMIDITIES ARE IMMINENT OR
OCCURRING.

&&

$$

HANER

WEATHER.GOV/SEATTLE

The office that day

Everything else NWS Seattle, WA issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Aug 17, 9:01 AM PDTSmall Craft AdvisorySEW17 hr
Aug 17, 11:34 AM PDTHeat AdvisorySEW9 hr
Aug 17, 2:56 PM PDTGale WatchSEW24 hr

Nearby

Red Flag Warnings in Washington, 2012Every red flag warning in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.