Alert archive / Virginia / Wind Advisories in 2012

Wind Advisory 11, NWS Blacksburg, VA

April 22, 2012Alleghany County, Ashe County, Watauga County, North Carolina; 22 counties in Virginia

NWS Blacksburg, VA issued this wind advisory at Apr 22, 2012, 3:49 PM EDT for Alleghany County, Ashe County, Watauga County, North Carolina; 22 counties in Virginia. It took effect at Apr 23, 2012, 8:00 AM EDT. It was in force for 12 hr.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Apr 22, 2012, 3:49 PM EDT (19:49 UTC)
In effect from
Apr 23, 2012, 8:00 AM EDT
Expired
Apr 23, 2012, 8:00 PM EDT
In force
12 hr
Issued by
NWS Blacksburg, VA
All 25 counties

Alleghany County, NC, Ashe County, NC, Watauga County, NC, Alleghany County, VA, Bath County, VA, Bland County, VA, Botetourt County, VA, Carroll County, VA, City of Buena Vista, VA, City of Covington, VA, City of Galax, VA, City of Lexington, VA, City of Radford, VA, City of Roanoke, VA, City of Salem, VA, Craig County, VA, Floyd County, VA, Giles County, VA, Grayson County, VA, Montgomery County, VA, Pulaski County, VA, Roanoke County, VA, Rockbridge County, VA, Smyth County, VA, Wythe County, VA

The radar

The Roanoke radar (KFCX), 25 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:53 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Roanoke, VA (KRNK), launched 12:00Z, 7.8 hours before the alert went out and 86 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Roanoke, VA at 12:00Z on 2012-04-22Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCLEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Roanoke, VA at 12:00Z on 2012-04-22The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 20 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
471 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
56 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
20 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
100 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

243 
WWUS71 KRNK 221949
NPWRNK

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
349 PM EDT SUN APR 22 2012

...IMPRESSIVE LATE APRIL STORM ARRIVES INTO MONDAY...

.A STRONG AREA OF LOW PRESSURE WILL MOVE JUST OFF THE DELMARVA AND
NEAR NEW YORK CITY BY MONDAY AFTERNOON. IN RESPONSE...GUSTY WINDS ARE
EXPECTED ACROSS OUR AREA AS THIS STORM MOVES WEST INTO THE GREAT
LAKES BY TUESDAY MORNING.

NCZ001-002-018-VAZ009>019-022>024-230400-
/O.NEW.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.120423T1200Z-120424T0000Z/
ASHE-ALLEGHANY NC-WATAUGA-SMYTH-BLAND-GILES-WYTHE-PULASKI-
MONTGOMERY-GRAYSON-CARROLL-FLOYD-CRAIG-ALLEGHANY VA-ROANOKE-
BOTETOURT-ROCKBRIDGE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WEST JEFFERSON...SPARTA...BOONE...
MARION...BLAND...PEARISBURG...WYTHEVILLE...RADFORD...PULASKI...
BLACKSBURG...INDEPENDENCE...WHITETOP...TROUTDALE...VOLNEY...
GALAX...FLOYD...NEW CASTLE...CLIFTON FORGE...COVINGTON...
ROANOKE...SALEM...FINCASTLE...LEXINGTON...BUENA VISTA
349 PM EDT SUN APR 22 2012

...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM TO 8 PM EDT MONDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BLACKSBURG HAS ISSUED A WIND
ADVISORY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM TO 8 PM EDT MONDAY.
 
* WINDS...WNW TO NW 15 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 50 MPH.

* TIMING...MONDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT.

* IMPACTS...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. SECURE ANY
  LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

&&

$$
7 follow-up statements
042 
WWUS71 KRNK 230118
NPWRNK

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
918 PM EDT SUN APR 22 2012

...IMPRESSIVE LATE APRIL STORM TO BRING STRONG WINDS MONDAY...

.A STRONG AREA OF LOW PRESSURE WILL MOVE JUST OFF THE DELMARVA
AND NEAR NEW YORK CITY BY MONDAY MORNING. IN RESPONSE...GUSTY
WESTERLY WINDS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS OUR AREA AS THIS STORM MOVES
WEST INTO THE GREAT LAKES BY TUESDAY MORNING.

NCZ001-002-018-VAZ009>019-022>024-230930-
/O.CON.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.120423T1200Z-120424T0000Z/
ASHE-ALLEGHANY NC-WATAUGA-SMYTH-BLAND-GILES-WYTHE-PULASKI-
MONTGOMERY-GRAYSON-CARROLL-FLOYD-CRAIG-ALLEGHANY VA-ROANOKE-
BOTETOURT-ROCKBRIDGE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WEST JEFFERSON...SPARTA...BOONE...
MARION...BLAND...PEARISBURG...WYTHEVILLE...RADFORD...PULASKI...
BLACKSBURG...INDEPENDENCE...WHITETOP...TROUTDALE...VOLNEY...
GALAX...FLOYD...NEW CASTLE...CLIFTON FORGE...COVINGTON...
ROANOKE...SALEM...FINCASTLE...LEXINGTON...BUENA VISTA
918 PM EDT SUN APR 22 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM TO 8 PM EDT MONDAY...

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 55 MPH.

* TIMING...MONDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT.

* IMPACTS...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. SECURE 
  ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

&&

$$
090 
WWUS71 KRNK 230857
NPWRNK

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
457 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...IMPRESSIVE LATE APRIL STORM TO BRING STRONG WINDS MONDAY...

.A DEEP AREA OF LOW PRESSURE ALONG THE MID-ATLANTIC COAST THIS
MORNING WILL MOVE NORTHWARD TOWARD THE NEW ENGLAND COAST BY
EVENING. STRONG AND GUSTY NORTHWEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE
REGION TODAY IN THE WAKE OF THIS DEPARTING LOW PRESSURE AREA.

NCZ001-002-018-VAZ009>019-022>024-232000-
/O.CON.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.120423T1200Z-120424T0000Z/
ASHE-ALLEGHANY NC-WATAUGA-SMYTH-BLAND-GILES-WYTHE-PULASKI-
MONTGOMERY-GRAYSON-CARROLL-FLOYD-CRAIG-ALLEGHANY VA-ROANOKE-
BOTETOURT-ROCKBRIDGE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WEST JEFFERSON...SPARTA...BOONE...
MARION...BLAND...PEARISBURG...WYTHEVILLE...RADFORD...PULASKI...
BLACKSBURG...INDEPENDENCE...WHITETOP...TROUTDALE...VOLNEY...
GALAX...FLOYD...NEW CASTLE...CLIFTON FORGE...COVINGTON...
ROANOKE...SALEM...FINCASTLE...LEXINGTON...BUENA VISTA
457 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM THIS MORNING TO 8 PM
EDT THIS EVENING...

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH.

* TIMING...MONDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY EVENING.

* IMPACTS...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. SECURE 
  ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

&&

$$

RAB
443 
WWUS71 KRNK 230929
NPWRNK

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
529 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...IMPRESSIVE LATE APRIL STORM TO BRING STRONG WINDS AND
UNSEASONABLY COLD TEMPERATURES TO THE REGION TODAY AND TUESDAY...

.A DEEP AREA OF LOW PRESSURE ALONG THE MID-ATLANTIC COAST THIS
MORNING WILL MOVE NORTHWARD TOWARD THE NEW ENGLAND COAST BY
EVENING. STRONG AND GUSTY NORTHWEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE
REGION TODAY IN THE WAKE OF THIS DEPARTING LOW PRESSURE AREA.

NCZ001-002-018-VAZ009>012-014>016-018-019-022-231730-
/O.NEW.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
/O.CON.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.120423T1200Z-120424T0000Z/
ASHE-ALLEGHANY NC-WATAUGA-SMYTH-BLAND-GILES-WYTHE-MONTGOMERY-
GRAYSON-CARROLL-CRAIG-ALLEGHANY VA-ROANOKE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WEST JEFFERSON...SPARTA...BOONE...
MARION...BLAND...PEARISBURG...WYTHEVILLE...BLACKSBURG...
INDEPENDENCE...WHITETOP...TROUTDALE...VOLNEY...GALAX...
NEW CASTLE...CLIFTON FORGE...COVINGTON...ROANOKE...SALEM
529 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS EVENING...
...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM EDT
TUESDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BLACKSBURG HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM EDT
TUESDAY.

* TEMPERATURES...28 TO 32 DEGREES...MOSTLY AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS
  AND IN LOWER LYING...PROTECTED VALLEYS AND SHELTERED AREAS.

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH.

* TIMING...STRONG WINDS EXPECTED MAINLY THROUGH 8 PM EDT THIS
  EVENING. FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT TONIGHT
  AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING.

* IMPACTS...FOR WIND...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES.
  SECURE ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. FOR TEMPERATURES...SENSITIVE
  PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FREEZING TEMPERATURES.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

A FREEZE WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE FORECAST
TO THREATEN OUTDOOR PLANTS. THOSE WITH AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS IN
THE WARNED AREA ARE ADVISED TO HARVEST OR PROTECT TENDER
VEGETATION. ALSO...POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS SHOULD BE
COVERED OR BROUGHT INSIDE AWAY FROM THE COLD.

&&

$$

VAZ007-020-WVZ042>045-231730-
/O.NEW.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
TAZEWELL-BATH-MERCER-SUMMERS-MONROE-GREENBRIER-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...TAZEWELL...HOT SPRINGS...BLUEFIELD...
FLAT TOP...HINTON...HIX...UNION...LEWISBURG...QUINWOOD...DUO...
RAINELLE
529 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM EDT
TUESDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BLACKSBURG HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM EDT
TUESDAY.

* TEMPERATURES...28 TO 32 DEGREES...MOSTLY AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS
  AND IN LOWER LYING...PROTECTED VALLEYS AND SHELTERED AREAS.

* TIMING...FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT TONIGHT
  AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING.

* IMPACTS...SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR
  KILLED BY FREEZING TEMPERATURES.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

VAZ013-017-023-024-231730-
/O.CON.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.120423T1200Z-120424T0000Z/
PULASKI-FLOYD-BOTETOURT-ROCKBRIDGE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...RADFORD...PULASKI...FLOYD...FINCASTLE...
LEXINGTON...BUENA VISTA
529 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS EVENING...

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH.

* TIMING...MONDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY EVENING.

* IMPACTS...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. SECURE 
  ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

&&

$$

RAB
119 
WWUS71 KRNK 231050
NPWRNK

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
650 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...IMPRESSIVE LATE APRIL STORM TO BRING STRONG WINDS AND
UNSEASONABLY COLD TEMPERATURES TO THE REGION TODAY AND TUESDAY...

.A DEEP AREA OF LOW PRESSURE ALONG THE MID-ATLANTIC COAST THIS
MORNING WILL MOVE NORTHWARD TOWARD THE NEW ENGLAND COAST BY
EVENING. STRONG AND GUSTY NORTHWEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE
REGION TODAY IN THE WAKE OF THIS DEPARTING LOW PRESSURE AREA.

VAZ017-231900-
/O.EXA.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
/O.CON.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.120423T1200Z-120424T0000Z/
FLOYD-
INCLUDING THE CITY OF...FLOYD
650 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS EVENING...
...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM EDT
TUESDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BLACKSBURG HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM EDT
TUESDAY.

* TEMPERATURES...29 TO 32 DEGREES...MOSTLY AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS
  AND IN LOWER LYING...PROTECTED VALLEYS AND SHELTERED AREAS.

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH.

* TIMING...WINDS...MONDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY EVENING. FREEZING
  TEMPERATURES MIDNIGHT THROUGH 9 AM EDT TUESDAY MORNING.

* IMPACTS...FOR WIND...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE 
  VEHICLES. SECURE ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. FOR TEMPERATURES...
  SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY 
  FREEZING TEMPERATURES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

NCZ001-002-018-VAZ009>012-014>016-018-019-022-231900-
/O.CON.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
/O.CON.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.120423T1200Z-120424T0000Z/
ASHE-ALLEGHANY NC-WATAUGA-SMYTH-BLAND-GILES-WYTHE-MONTGOMERY-
GRAYSON-CARROLL-CRAIG-ALLEGHANY VA-ROANOKE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WEST JEFFERSON...SPARTA...BOONE...
MARION...BLAND...PEARISBURG...WYTHEVILLE...BLACKSBURG...
INDEPENDENCE...WHITETOP...TROUTDALE...VOLNEY...GALAX...
NEW CASTLE...CLIFTON FORGE...COVINGTON...ROANOKE...SALEM
650 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS EVENING...
...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM
EDT TUESDAY...

* TEMPERATURES...28 TO 32 DEGREES...MOSTLY AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS 
  AND IN LOWER LYING...PROTECTED VALLEYS AND SHELTERED AREAS. 

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH.

* TIMING...STRONG WINDS EXPECTED MAINLY THROUGH 8 PM EDT THIS 
  EVENING. FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT 
  TONIGHT AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING. 

* IMPACTS...FOR WIND...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE 
  VEHICLES. SECURE ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. FOR TEMPERATURES...
  SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY 
  FREEZING TEMPERATURES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

A FREEZE WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE
FORECAST TO THREATEN OUTDOOR PLANTS. THOSE WITH AGRICULTURAL
INTERESTS IN THE WARNED AREA ARE ADVISED TO HARVEST OR PROTECT
TENDER VEGETATION. ALSO...POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS
SHOULD BE COVERED OR BROUGHT INSIDE AWAY FROM THE COLD.

&&

$$

VAZ020-231900-
/O.EXA.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.120423T1200Z-120424T0000Z/
/O.CON.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
BATH-
INCLUDING THE CITY OF...HOT SPRINGS
650 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS EVENING...
...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM
EDT TUESDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BLACKSBURG HAS ISSUED A WIND
ADVISORY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS EVENING.

* TEMPERATURES...28 TO 32 DEGREES...MOSTLY AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS 
  AND IN LOWER LYING...PROTECTED VALLEYS AND SHELTERED AREAS. 

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH.

* TIMING...STRONG WINDS EXPECTED MAINLY THROUGH 8 PM EDT THIS 
  EVENING. FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT 
  TONIGHT AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING. 

* IMPACTS...FOR WIND...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES.
  SECURE ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. FOR TEMPERATURES... SENSITIVE
  PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FREEZING
  TEMPERATURES.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

A FREEZE WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE
FORECAST TO THREATEN OUTDOOR PLANTS. THOSE WITH AGRICULTURAL
INTERESTS IN THE WARNED AREA ARE ADVISED TO HARVEST OR PROTECT
TENDER VEGETATION. ALSO...POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS
SHOULD BE COVERED OR BROUGHT INSIDE AWAY FROM THE COLD.

&&

$$

VAZ007-WVZ042>045-231900-
/O.CON.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
TAZEWELL-MERCER-SUMMERS-MONROE-GREENBRIER-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...TAZEWELL...BLUEFIELD...FLAT TOP...
HINTON...HIX...UNION...LEWISBURG...QUINWOOD...DUO...RAINELLE
650 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM
EDT TUESDAY...

* TEMPERATURES...28 TO 32 DEGREES...MOSTLY AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS 
  AND IN LOWER LYING...PROTECTED VALLEYS AND SHELTERED AREAS. 

* TIMING...FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT 
  TONIGHT AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING. 

* IMPACTS...SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR 
  KILLED BY FREEZING TEMPERATURES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

VAZ013-023-024-231900-
/O.CON.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.120423T1200Z-120424T0000Z/
PULASKI-BOTETOURT-ROCKBRIDGE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...RADFORD...PULASKI...FINCASTLE...
LEXINGTON...BUENA VISTA
650 AM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS EVENING...

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH.

* TIMING...MONDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY EVENING.

* IMPACTS...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. SECURE 
  ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

&&

$$

RAB
995 
WWUS71 KRNK 231718
NPWRNK

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
118 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...IMPRESSIVE LATE APRIL STORM TO BRING STRONG WINDS AND
UNSEASONABLY COLD TEMPERATURES TO THE REGION TODAY AND TUESDAY...

.A DEEP AREA OF LOW PRESSURE ALONG THE MID-ATLANTIC COAST THIS
MORNING WILL MOVE NORTHWARD TOWARD THE NEW ENGLAND COAST BY
EVENING. STRONG AND GUSTY NORTHWEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE
REGION TODAY IN THE WAKE OF THIS DEPARTING LOW PRESSURE AREA.

VAZ013-240130-
/O.EXA.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
/O.CON.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-120424T0000Z/
PULASKI-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...RADFORD...PULASKI
118 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS EVENING...
...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM EDT
TUESDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BLACKSBURG HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM EDT
TUESDAY.

* TEMPERATURES...LOW TEMPERATURES TONIGHT AROUND 32.

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH.

* TIMING...STRONG WINDS EXPECTED MAINLY THROUGH 8 PM EDT THIS
  EVENING. FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT TONIGHT
  AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING.

* IMPACTS...FOR WIND...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES.
  SECURE ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. FOR TEMPERATURES... SENSITIVE
  PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FREEZING
  TEMPERATURES.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

NCZ001-002-018-VAZ009>012-014>020-022-240130-
/O.CON.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
/O.CON.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-120424T0000Z/
ASHE-ALLEGHANY NC-WATAUGA-SMYTH-BLAND-GILES-WYTHE-MONTGOMERY-
GRAYSON-CARROLL-FLOYD-CRAIG-ALLEGHANY VA-BATH-ROANOKE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WEST JEFFERSON...SPARTA...BOONE...
MARION...BLAND...PEARISBURG...WYTHEVILLE...BLACKSBURG...
INDEPENDENCE...WHITETOP...TROUTDALE...VOLNEY...GALAX...FLOYD...
NEW CASTLE...CLIFTON FORGE...COVINGTON...HOT SPRINGS...ROANOKE...
SALEM
118 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS EVENING...
...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM
EDT TUESDAY...

* TEMPERATURES...28 TO 32 DEGREES...MOSTLY AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS 
  AND IN LOWER LYING...PROTECTED VALLEYS AND SHELTERED AREAS. 

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH.

* TIMING...STRONG WINDS EXPECTED MAINLY THROUGH 8 PM EDT THIS 
  EVENING. FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT 
  TONIGHT AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING. 

* IMPACTS...FOR WIND...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE 
  VEHICLES. SECURE ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. FOR TEMPERATURES... 
  SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY 
  FREEZING TEMPERATURES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

A FREEZE WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE
FORECAST TO THREATEN OUTDOOR PLANTS. THOSE WITH AGRICULTURAL
INTERESTS IN THE WARNED AREA ARE ADVISED TO HARVEST OR PROTECT
TENDER VEGETATION. ALSO...POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS
SHOULD BE COVERED OR BROUGHT INSIDE AWAY FROM THE COLD.

&&

$$

VAZ007-WVZ042>045-240130-
/O.CON.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
TAZEWELL-MERCER-SUMMERS-MONROE-GREENBRIER-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...TAZEWELL...BLUEFIELD...FLAT TOP...
HINTON...HIX...UNION...LEWISBURG...QUINWOOD...DUO...RAINELLE
118 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM
EDT TUESDAY...

* TEMPERATURES...28 TO 32 DEGREES...MOSTLY AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS 
  AND IN LOWER LYING...PROTECTED VALLEYS AND SHELTERED AREAS. 

* TIMING...FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT 
  TONIGHT AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING. 

* IMPACTS...SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR 
  KILLED BY FREEZING TEMPERATURES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

VAZ023-024-240000-
/O.CON.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-120424T0000Z/
BOTETOURT-ROCKBRIDGE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...FINCASTLE...LEXINGTON...BUENA VISTA
118 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS EVENING...

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH.

* TIMING...MONDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY EVENING.

* IMPACTS...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. SECURE 
  ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

&&

$$
508 
WWUS71 KRNK 231958
NPWRNK

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
358 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...STRONG LATE APRIL STORM WILL CONTINUE TO BACKLASH THE MID
ATLANTIC REGION WITH STRONG WINDS AND UNSEASONABLY COLD
TEMPERATURES THROUGH TUESDAY...

.A DEEP AREA OF LOW PRESSURE OVER EASTERN NEW YORK MONDAY EVENING
WILL MOVE NORTHWARD INTO NEW ENGLAND OVERNIGHT. STRONG AND GUSTY
NORTHWEST WINDS WILL CONTINUE TO EFFECT THE AREA IN THE WAKE 
OF THIS DEPARTING LOW PRESSURE AREA.

VAZ009>014-016>020-022-240400-
/O.CAN.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-120424T0000Z/
/O.CON.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
SMYTH-BLAND-GILES-WYTHE-PULASKI-MONTGOMERY-CARROLL-FLOYD-CRAIG-
ALLEGHANY VA-BATH-ROANOKE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MARION...BLAND...PEARISBURG...
WYTHEVILLE...RADFORD...PULASKI...BLACKSBURG...GALAX...FLOYD...
NEW CASTLE...CLIFTON FORGE...COVINGTON...HOT SPRINGS...ROANOKE...
SALEM
358 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM
EDT TUESDAY...
...WIND ADVISORY IS CANCELLED...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BLACKSBURG HAS CANCELLED THE WIND
ADVISORY. NEAR FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE STILL LIKELY TONIGHT. 

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT
  TONIGHT AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING.

* IMPACTS...SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR
  KILLED BY FREEZING TEMPERATURES.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL TENDER PLANTS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

VAZ023-024-240400-
/O.CAN.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-120424T0000Z/
/O.EXA.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
BOTETOURT-ROCKBRIDGE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...FINCASTLE...LEXINGTON...BUENA VISTA
358 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM EDT
TUESDAY...
...WIND ADVISORY IS CANCELLED...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BLACKSBURG HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM EDT
TUESDAY. THE WIND ADVISORY HAS BEEN CANCELLED.

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...NEAR FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT
  TONIGHT AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING.

* IMPACTS...SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR
  KILLED BY FREEZING TEMPERATURES.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

NCZ001-002-018-VAZ015-240400-
/O.CON.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
/O.CON.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-120424T0000Z/
ASHE-ALLEGHANY NC-WATAUGA-GRAYSON-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WEST JEFFERSON...SPARTA...BOONE...
INDEPENDENCE...WHITETOP...TROUTDALE...VOLNEY
358 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS EVENING...
...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM
EDT TUESDAY...

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S.

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH.

* TIMING...STRONG WINDS EXPECTED MAINLY THROUGH 8 PM EDT THIS 
  EVENING. FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT 
  TONIGHT AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING. 

* IMPACTS...FOR WIND...USE CAUTION DRIVING HIGH PROFILE 
  VEHICLES. SECURE ANY LOOSE OUTSIDE ITEMS. FOR TEMPERATURES... 
  SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY 
  FREEZING TEMPERATURES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT WINDS OF 35 MPH ARE EXPECTED. WINDS
THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION.

A FREEZE WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE
FORECAST TO THREATEN OUTDOOR PLANTS. THOSE WITH AGRICULTURAL
INTERESTS IN THE WARNED AREA ARE ADVISED TO HARVEST OR PROTECT
TENDER VEGETATION. ALSO...POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS
SHOULD BE COVERED OR BROUGHT INSIDE AWAY FROM THE COLD.

&&

$$

VAZ007-WVZ042>045-240400-
/O.CON.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
TAZEWELL-MERCER-SUMMERS-MONROE-GREENBRIER-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...TAZEWELL...BLUEFIELD...FLAT TOP...
HINTON...HIX...UNION...LEWISBURG...QUINWOOD...DUO...RAINELLE
358 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM
EDT TUESDAY...

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT 
  TONIGHT AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING. 

* IMPACTS...SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR 
  KILLED BY FREEZING TEMPERATURES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$
226 
WWUS71 KRNK 240012
NPWRNK

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
812 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...UNSEASONABLY COLD TEMPERATURES THROUGH TUESDAY...

.A DEEP AREA OF LOW PRESSURE OVER EASTERN NEW YORK THIS EVENING WILL
MOVE NORTH INTO NEW ENGLAND OVERNIGHT. GUSTY NORTHWEST WINDS WILL
CONTINUE ACROSS THE AREA IN THE WAKE OF THIS DEPARTING LOW.

NCZ001-002-018-VAZ015-241300-
/O.EXP.KRNK.WI.Y.0011.000000T0000Z-120424T0000Z/
/O.CON.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
ASHE-ALLEGHANY NC-WATAUGA-GRAYSON-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WEST JEFFERSON...SPARTA...BOONE...
INDEPENDENCE...WHITETOP...TROUTDALE...VOLNEY
812 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM
EDT TUESDAY...
...WIND ADVISORY HAS EXPIRED...

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT
  TONIGHT AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING.

* IMPACTS...SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR
  KILLED BY FREEZING TEMPERATURES.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

VAZ007-009>014-016>020-022>024-WVZ042>045-241300-
/O.CON.KRNK.FZ.W.0006.120424T0400Z-120424T1300Z/
TAZEWELL-SMYTH-BLAND-GILES-WYTHE-PULASKI-MONTGOMERY-CARROLL-FLOYD-
CRAIG-ALLEGHANY VA-BATH-ROANOKE-BOTETOURT-ROCKBRIDGE-MERCER-
SUMMERS-MONROE-GREENBRIER-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...TAZEWELL...MARION...BLAND...
PEARISBURG...WYTHEVILLE...RADFORD...PULASKI...BLACKSBURG...
GALAX...FLOYD...NEW CASTLE...CLIFTON FORGE...COVINGTON...
HOT SPRINGS...ROANOKE...SALEM...FINCASTLE...LEXINGTON...
BUENA VISTA...BLUEFIELD...FLAT TOP...HINTON...HIX...UNION...
LEWISBURG...QUINWOOD...DUO...RAINELLE
812 PM EDT MON APR 23 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 9 AM
EDT TUESDAY...

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXPECTED BETWEEN MIDNIGHT 
  TONIGHT AND 9 AM TUESDAY MORNING. 

* IMPACTS...SENSITIVE PLANTS AND VEGETATION COULD BE DAMAGED OR 
  KILLED BY FREEZING TEMPERATURES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL TENDER PLANTS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

The office that day

Everything else NWS Blacksburg, VA issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 22, 5:13 AM EDTWinter Storm WatchRNKBath11 hr
Apr 22, 3:50 PM EDTWinter Weather AdvisoryRNKBath21 hr

Nearby

Wind Advisories in Virginia, 2012Wind Advisories in North Carolina, 2012Every wind advisory in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.