Alert archive / Indiana / Tornado Warnings in 2012

Tornado Warning 2, NWS Louisville, KY

January 17, 2012Clark County, Floyd County, Harrison County, Indiana; Jefferson County, Oldham County, Kentucky

NWS Louisville, KY issued this tornado warning at Jan 17, 2012, 10:54 AM EST for Clark County, Floyd County, Harrison County, Indiana; Jefferson County, Oldham County, Kentucky. It was in force for 36 min. 14 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Jan 17, 2012, 10:54 AM EST (15:54 UTC)
Expired: Jan 17, 2012, 11:30 AM EST
In force: 36 min
Issued by: NWS Louisville, KY
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Clark County, IN, Floyd County, IN, Harrison County, IN, Jefferson County, KY, Oldham County, KY

The radar

The Louisville radar (KLVX), 48 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 15:53 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Jan 17, 11:00 AM EST	TORNADO	Floyds Knobs, IN	EF-1 TORNADO TOUCHED DOWN ON EAST RILEY RD IN FLOYDS KNOBS AND DESTROYED A GARAGE. THE TORNADO CONTINUED EAST ALONG BINFORD ROAD WHERE MULTIPLE TREES WERE DOWN. THE TORNADO CONTINUED EAST ACROSS PAOLI PIKE AND CAUSED ROOF DAMAGE AT KNOB POINT APARTMENTS BEFORE
Jan 17, 11:06 AM EST	TORNADO	1 Nne Clarksville, IN	EF-0 TORNADO FIRST TOUCHED DOWN AT THE WAL-MART PARKING LOT AT VETERANS PARKWAY NEAR I-65. A VEHICLE WAS TURNED OVER ON I-65. THE TORNADO SKIPPED TO A SUBDIVISION EAST OF THERE CAUSING DAMAGE ALONG BELMAR AND MEADOWS DR AS WELL AS AT THE INTERSECTION OF KINGSF
Jan 17, 11:10 AM EST	TSTM WND DMG	2 N St. Matthews, KY	TWITTER REPORT OF POWER LINES DOWN AT WATTERSON AND BROWNSBORO RD.
Jan 17, 11:12 AM EST	TORNADO	2 N St. Matthews, KY	EF-1 TORNADO WITH WIND SPEED ESTIMATED AT 95 MPH. PATH LENGTH WAS 4.2 MILES AND PATH WIDTH WAS 250 YARDS. THE TORNADO TOUCHED DOWN NEAR INTERSECTION OF I-264 AND BROWNSBORO ROAD AND TRACKED NORTHEAST TO NEAR THE INTERSECTION OF HURSTBOURNE AND BROWNSBORO WHERE
Jan 17, 11:15 AM EST	TSTM WND DMG	2 N Lyndon, KY	TREE FELL ON HOUSE IN THE 3600 BLOCK OF REMS RD
Jan 17, 11:15 AM EST	TSTM WND DMG	3 Nnw Anchorage, KY	BROADCAST MEDIA RELAYED REPORT OF ONE POSSIBLY TWO SEMIS OVERTURNED NEAR BROWNSBORO EXIT ON SNYDER.
Jan 17, 11:15 AM EST	TSTM WND DMG	3 Sse Prospect, KY	TREES DOWN ONE ON TOP OF TRUCK IN VICINITY OF GOOSE CREEK AND HWY 22. SIDE OF HOUSE BLOWN OFF ALONG BAY WINDOW AND SHINGLE DAMAGE.
Jan 17, 11:15 AM EST	TSTM WND DMG	Louisville, KY	AIR CONDITIONING UNIT BLOWN OFF DOWNTOWN HOTEL.
Jan 17, 11:19 AM EST	TSTM WND DMG	2 Wnw Pewee Valley, KY	ADDITIONAL ISOLATED WIND DAMAGE OCCURRED IN THE WINDY WILLOW AND ORCHARD GRASS HILLS SUBDIVISION. SEVERAL TREES WERE UPROOTED OR SNAPPED CLOSE TO THE GROUND ALONG WITH MINOR SIDING AND ROOF ISSUES ON AREA HOUSES.
Jan 17, 11:19 AM EST	TORNADO	2 Wnw Pewee Valley, KY	CONTINUATION OF JEFFERSON COUNTY TORNADO INTO OLDHAM COUNTY. TRACK LENGTH 1.8 MILES IN OLDHAM COUNTY THROUGH ORCHARD GRASS HILLS...ENDING AT THE NORTHERN TIP OF CLORE LANE.
Jan 17, 11:21 AM EST	TSTM WND DMG	3 N Jeffersonville, IN	OUTBUILDINGS ON FARM BLOWN OVER... HOME UNDER CONTRUCTION DESTROYED NEAR CORNER OF HOLMANS LANE AND VETERANS PARKWAY.
Jan 17, 11:23 AM EST	TSTM WND DMG	4 N Jeffersonville, IN	TORNADO SEEN CROSSING I-65 NEAR 4 MILE MARKER. SIGNS AND VECHICLES DAMAGED. LARGE DUMPSTER MOVED.
Jan 17, 11:25 AM EST	TSTM WND DMG	4 N Jeffersonville, IN	SECTIONS OF ROOF REMOVED FROM HOMES IN THE MEADOWS SUBDIVISION OFF OF HAMBURG PIKE AND ARMSTRONG FARMS SUBDIVSION OFF OF VETERANS PARKWAY.
Jan 17, 11:28 AM EST	TSTM WND DMG	Anchorage, KY	12 INCH DIAMETER TREE DOWN NEAR WESTPORT ROAD AND I-265.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

The nearest sounding before it

Cncnati-Daytn, OH (KILN), launched 12:00Z, 3.9 hours before the alert went out and 199 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL: 602 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 59 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 818 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 844 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

643 
WFUS53 KLMK 171554
TORLMK
INC019-043-061-KYC111-185-171630-
/O.NEW.KLMK.TO.W.0002.120117T1554Z-120117T1630Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
1054 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LOUISVILLE HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WARNING FOR...
  JEFFERSON COUNTY IN NORTH CENTRAL KENTUCKY...  
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITY OF LOUISVILLE...
  WESTERN OLDHAM COUNTY IN NORTH CENTRAL KENTUCKY...
  SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...
  FLOYD COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...
  CENTRAL HARRISON COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...

* UNTIL 1130 AM EST...

* AT 1049 AM EST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A TORNADO. THIS DANGEROUS
  STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR BYRNEVILLE...MOVING EAST AT 60 MPH.

* THIS TORNADIC STORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...
  ST. MATTHEWS...
  PROSPECT...
  LYNDON...
  ANCHORAGE...
  MIDDLETOWN...
  SAINT JOSEPH...
  OAK PARK AND CLARKSVILLE...
  UTICA AND RIVER BLUFF...
  ORCHARD GRASS HILLS AND BROWNSBORO...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW. MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
STURDY BUILDING. AVOID WINDOWS. IF IN A VEHICLE OR OUTDOORS...MOVE TO
THE CLOSEST SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER AND PROTECT YOURSELF FROM FLYING
DEBRIS.

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL
FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

&&

LAT...LON 3830 8544 3830 8545 3829 8546 3827 8544
      3821 8544 3823 8605 3837 8609 3847 8542
TIME...MOT...LOC 1553Z 264DEG 54KT 3830 8596

$$

EER

4 follow-up statements

464 
WWUS53 KLMK 171601 RRA
SVSLMK

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
1101 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

INC061-171611-
/O.CAN.KLMK.TO.W.0002.000000T0000Z-120117T1630Z/
HARRISON IN-
1101 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR CENTRAL HARRISON COUNTY IS CANCELLED...

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL
FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

LAT...LON 3830 8544 3830 8545 3828 8546 3827 8544
      3821 8544 3823 8592 3838 8591 3847 8542
TIME...MOT...LOC 1601Z 267DEG 47KT 3831 8585

$$

INC019-043-KYC111-185-171630-
/O.CON.KLMK.TO.W.0002.000000T0000Z-120117T1630Z/
FLOYD IN-CLARK IN-JEFFERSON KY-OLDHAM KY-
1101 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1130 AM EST FOR WESTERN 
OLDHAM...JEFFERSON...SOUTHERN CLARK AND EASTERN FLOYD 
COUNTIES...

AT 1058 AM EST...WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO INDICATE
A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WITH STRONG ROTATION. THIS DANGEROUS STORM WAS
LOCATED NEAR EDWARDSVILLE...MOVING EAST AT 55 MPH.

* THIS DANGEROUS STORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...
  LOUISVILLE...
  ST. MATTHEWS...
  PROSPECT...
  LYNDON...
  ANCHORAGE...
  MIDDLETOWN...
  OAK PARK AND WATSON...
  UTICA AND RIVER BLUFF...
  ORCHARD GRASS HILLS AND BROWNSBORO...
  CRESTWOOD AND PEWEE VALLEY...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL
FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

&&

LAT...LON 3830 8544 3830 8545 3828 8546 3827 8544
      3821 8544 3823 8592 3838 8591 3847 8542
TIME...MOT...LOC 1601Z 267DEG 47KT 3831 8585

$$

EER

803 
WWUS53 KLMK 171611
SVSLMK

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
1111 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

INC043-171620-
/O.CAN.KLMK.TO.W.0002.000000T0000Z-120117T1630Z/
FLOYD IN-
1111 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR EASTERN FLOYD COUNTY IS CANCELLED...

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL
FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

LAT...LON 3830 8544 3830 8545 3828 8546 3827 8544
      3821 8544 3823 8578 3841 8575 3847 8542
TIME...MOT...LOC 1610Z 267DEG 47KT 3833 8567

$$

INC019-KYC111-185-171630-
/O.CON.KLMK.TO.W.0002.000000T0000Z-120117T1630Z/
CLARK IN-JEFFERSON KY-OLDHAM KY-
1111 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1130 AM EST FOR WESTERN
OLDHAM...NORTHEASTERN JEFFERSON AND SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTIES...

AT 1107 AM EST...WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO INDICATE 
A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WITH STRONG ROTATION. TWO CIRCULATIONS CAN BE 
SEEN ON RADAR...ONE IN SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY AND ONE NEAR DOWNTOWN 
LOUISVILLE. THIS DANGEROUS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR WATSON...MOVING 
EAST AT 55 MPH.

* THIS DANGEROUS STORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...
  LOUISVILLE...
  ST. MATTHEWS...
  PROSPECT...
  LYNDON...
  ANCHORAGE...
  MIDDLETOWN...
  RIVER BLUFF AND BELKNAP BEACH...
  PARK LAKE AND ORCHARD GRASS HILLS...
  FLOYDSBURG AND BUCKNER...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL
FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

&&

LAT...LON 3830 8544 3830 8545 3828 8546 3827 8544
      3821 8544 3823 8578 3841 8575 3847 8542
TIME...MOT...LOC 1610Z 267DEG 47KT 3833 8567

$$

EER

606 
WWUS53 KLMK 171621
SVSLMK

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
1121 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

INC019-171631-
/O.CAN.KLMK.TO.W.0002.000000T0000Z-120117T1630Z/
CLARK IN-
1121 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY IS CANCELLED...

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL
FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

LAT...LON 3847 8542 3830 8544 3830 8545 3828 8546
      3827 8544 3827 8549 3829 8555 3841 8559
TIME...MOT...LOC 1621Z 267DEG 47KT 3833 8549

$$

KYC111-185-171630-
/O.CON.KLMK.TO.W.0002.000000T0000Z-120117T1630Z/
JEFFERSON KY-OLDHAM KY-
1121 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1130 AM EST FOR WESTERN
OLDHAM AND NORTHEASTERN JEFFERSON COUNTIES...

AT 1117 AM EST...A TORNADO WAS REPORTED. THIS DANGEROUS STORM WAS
LOCATED NEAR ORCHARD GRASS HILLS...MOVING EAST AT 55 MPH.

* THIS DANGEROUS STORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...

  MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF NORTHEASTERN JEFFERSON AND WESTERN OLDHAM
  COUNTIES.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL
FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

&&

LAT...LON 3847 8542 3830 8544 3830 8545 3828 8546
      3827 8544 3827 8549 3829 8555 3841 8559
TIME...MOT...LOC 1621Z 267DEG 47KT 3833 8549

$$

EER

502 
WWUS53 KLMK 171627
SVSLMK

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
1127 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

KYC111-185-171637-
/O.EXP.KLMK.TO.W.0002.000000T0000Z-120117T1630Z/
JEFFERSON KY-OLDHAM KY-
1127 AM EST TUE JAN 17 2012

...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR WESTERN OLDHAM AND NORTHEASTERN JEFFERSON
COUNTIES WILL EXPIRE AT 1130 AM EST...

THESE STORMS NO LONGER APPEAR TO BE TORNADIC. HOWEVER...A SEVERE 
THUNDERSTORM WARNING HAS BEEN ISSUED DOWNSTREAM FOR THIS STORM.

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL
FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

LAT...LON 3847 8542 3830 8544 3830 8545 3828 8546
      3827 8544 3827 8549 3829 8555 3841 8559
TIME...MOT...LOC 1627Z 267DEG 47KT 3833 8539

$$

EER

The office that day

Everything else NWS Louisville, KY issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jan 17, 9:29 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Orange, Washington	31 min
Jan 17, 9:31 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Crawford, Dubois, Orange, Perry	44 min
Jan 17, 9:54 AM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Orange, Washington	36 min
Jan 17, 10:02 AM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Washington	28 min
Jan 17, 10:14 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Crawford, Harrison, Perry	31 min
Jan 17, 10:24 AM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Jefferson	36 min
Jan 17, 10:27 AM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Perry	33 min
Jan 17, 10:27 AM EST	Tornado Warning	LMK	Crawford, Floyd, Harrison, Perry	43 days
Jan 17, 10:30 AM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Clark, Scott, Washington	30 min
Jan 17, 10:34 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Jefferson	26 min
Jan 17, 10:43 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Crawford, Harrison	17 min
Jan 17, 10:50 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Perry	25 min
Jan 17, 10:57 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Harrison, Perry	18 min
Jan 17, 11:02 AM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Clark	28 min
Jan 17, 11:07 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Harrison	23 min
Jan 17, 11:19 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Harrison	26 min
Jan 17, 11:00 AM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Jefferson	30 min
Jan 17, 11:11 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Breckinridge, Grayson, Hancock, Ohio	19 min
Jan 17, 11:20 AM EST	Tornado Warning	LMK	Jefferson, Shelby, Spencer	25 min
Jan 17, 11:23 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Bullitt, Jefferson, Nelson, Spencer	37 min
Jan 17, 11:25 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Henry, Oldham, Trimble	35 min
Jan 17, 11:29 AM EST	Tornado Warning	LMK	Breckinridge, Grayson, Hardin	16 min
Jan 17, 11:42 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Shelby, Spencer	18 min
Jan 17, 11:44 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Breckinridge, Bullitt, Hardin, Larue, Meade, Nelson	31 min
Jan 17, 11:52 AM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Anderson, Fayette, Franklin, Scott, Shelby, Spencer and 1 more	23 min
Jan 17, 12:06 PM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Grayson, Larue	24 min
Jan 17, 12:07 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Anderson, Mercer, Nelson, Spencer, Washington	23 min
Jan 17, 12:14 PM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Bourbon, Clark, Fayette, Scott, Woodford	31 min
Jan 17, 12:16 PM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Logan	29 min
Jan 17, 12:24 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Grayson, Green, Hardin, Hart, Larue, Nelson and 1 more	36 min
Jan 17, 12:27 PM EST	Tornado Warning	LMK	Grayson, Green, Hardin, Hart, Larue	33 min
Jan 17, 12:28 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Butler, Logan, Warren	17 min
Jan 17, 12:39 PM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Edmonson, Hart	36 min
Jan 17, 12:46 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Allen, Barren, Edmonson, Warren	29 min
Jan 17, 12:48 PM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Simpson	27 min
Jan 17, 12:50 PM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Bourbon, Clark, Fayette, Nicholas	25 min
Jan 17, 12:56 PM EST	Tornado Warning	LMK	Warren	19 min
Jan 17, 1:10 PM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Casey, Green, Taylor	35 min
Jan 17, 1:12 PM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Allen, Barren, Metcalfe, Simpson	33 min
Jan 17, 1:14 PM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Madison	31 min
Jan 17, 1:14 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Allen, Simpson	16 min
Jan 17, 1:16 PM EST	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Garrard	44 min
Jan 17, 1:20 PM EST	Tornado Warning	LMK	Allen, Simpson	25 min
Jan 17, 1:25 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Boyle, Garrard, Lincoln, Madison	35 min
Jan 17, 1:26 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Clark, Madison	19 min
Jan 17, 1:30 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Adair, Casey, Green, Hart, Marion, Taylor	30 min
Jan 17, 1:43 PM EST	Tornado Warning	LMK	Allen, Barren, Monroe	32 min
Jan 17, 1:52 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Casey, Lincoln	23 min
Jan 17, 1:59 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Adair, Casey, Russell, Taylor	31 min
Jan 17, 2:13 PM EST	Tornado Warning	LMK	Cumberland, Monroe	13 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Indiana, 2012 Tornado Warnings in Kentucky, 2012 Every tornado warning in 2012 Tornadoes in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.