Alert archive / Alabama / High Wind Warnings in 2012

High Wind Warning 1, NWS Huntsville, AL

December 25, 20124 counties in Alabama; Franklin County, Lincoln County, Moore County, Tennessee

NWS Huntsville, AL issued this high wind warning at Dec 25, 2012, 8:52 PM CST for 4 counties in Alabama; Franklin County, Lincoln County, Moore County, Tennessee. It was in force for 112 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Dec 25, 2012, 8:52 PM CST (02:52 UTC)
Expired
Dec 25, 2012, 10:44 PM CST
In force
112 min
Issued by
NWS Huntsville, AL

Counties DeKalb County, AL, Jackson County, AL, Madison County, AL, Marshall County, AL, Franklin County, TN, Lincoln County, TN, Moore County, TN

The radar

The Northeast Alabama radar (KHTX), 17 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 02:56 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Dec 25, 10:04 PM CSTNON-TSTM WND GST 555 N Albertville, ALTREES AND POWERLINES DOWN IN THE ALDER SPRINGS COMMUNITY NORTH OF ALBERTVILLE...NEAR THE STAGE COACH RD AND HUNTER GAP RD INTERSECTION. WINDS ESTIMATED 55 MPH BASED ON AREAL WIND REPORTS.
Dec 25, 10:04 PM CSTNON-TSTM WND DMG5 N Albertville, ALTREES AND POWERLINES DOWN IN THE ALDER SPRINGS COMMUNITY NORTH OF ALBERTVILLE...NEAR THE STAGE COACH RD AND HUNTER GAP RD INTERSECTION. WINDS ESTIMATED 55 MPH BASED ON AREAL WIND REPORTS.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

The nearest sounding before it

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), launched 00:00Z, 2.9 hours before the alert went out and 146 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Nashville Metro, TN at 00:00Z on 2012-12-26Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Nashville Metro, TN at 00:00Z on 2012-12-26The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 308 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
518 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
35 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
308 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
424 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

682 
WWUS74 KHUN 260252
NPWHUN

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HUNTSVILLE AL
852 PM CST TUE DEC 25 2012


ALZ006-008>010-261100-
/O.UPG.KHUN.WI.Y.0012.000000T0000Z-121227T0000Z/
/O.NEW.KHUN.HW.W.0001.121226T0252Z-121226T0400Z/
/O.NEW.KHUN.WI.Y.0013.121226T0400Z-121227T0000Z/
MADISON-MARSHALL-JACKSON-DEKALB-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...HUNTSVILLE...GUNTERSVILLE...
SCOTTSBORO...FORT PAYNE
852 PM CST TUE DEC 25 2012

...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 PM CST THIS EVENING...
...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN HUNTSVILLE HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 PM CST THIS EVENING. A WIND
ADVISORY ALSO REMAINS IN EFFECT. THIS WIND ADVISORY IS IN EFFECT
UNTIL 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY.

* TIMING AND AREAS AFFECTED...MADISON...MARSHALL...JACKSON AND DEKALB
  COUNTIES THROUGH 10 PM THIS EVENING. 


* WINDS...WINDS HAVE INCREASED IN INTENSITY ALONG THE BACK EDGE OF
  THE PRECIPITATION SHIELD MOVING ACROSS THE AREA WITH OCCASIONAL
  GUSTS TO BETWEEN 50 AND 60 MPH. PRYOR FIELD IN DECATUR REPORTED A
  GUST TO 43 MPH SHORTLY AFTER 800 PM CDT. SEVERAL MESONET SITES IN
  MADISON COUNTY ARE REPORTING GUSTS TO NEAR 60 MPH.


* IMPACTS...OUTDOOR HOLIDAY DECORATIONS MAY BE BLOWN AROUND BY THESE
  STRONG WINDS ALONG WITH DAMAGE TO TREES AND POWER LINES. USE
  CAUTION WHILE TRAVELING DURING THIS TIME...AS WINDS THIS STRONG
  WILL MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT... ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE
  VEHICLES.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED
OR OCCURRING. SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST 40 MPH OR GUSTS
OF 58 MPH OR MORE CAN LEAD TO PROPERTY DAMAGE.

&&

$$

ALZ001>005-007-016-TNZ076-096-097-261100-
/O.CON.KHUN.WI.Y.0012.000000T0000Z-121227T0000Z/
LAUDERDALE-COLBERT-FRANKLIN AL-LAWRENCE-LIMESTONE-MORGAN-CULLMAN-
MOORE-LINCOLN-FRANKLIN TN-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...FLORENCE...MUSCLE SHOALS...
RUSSELLVILLE...MOULTON...ATHENS...DECATUR...CULLMAN...LYNCHBURG...
FAYETTEVILLE...WINCHESTER
852 PM CST TUE DEC 25 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY...

* TIMING AND AREAS AFFECTED...ALL OF NORTHERN ALABAMA AND 
  PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN MIDDLE TENNESSEE FROM 6 PM CST THIS 
  EVENING THROUGH 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY EVENING. 

* WINDS...SOUTHEASTERLY WINDS OF 15 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS OF 30 
  TO 35MPH...BECOMING SOUTHWESTERLY OVERNIGHT...AND TURNING TO 
  THE NORTHWEST BY MIDDAY WEDNESDAY. 

* IMPACTS...OUTDOOR HOLIDAY DECORATIONS MAY BE BLOWN AROUND BY 
  THESE STRONG WINDS. USE CAUTION WHILE TRAVELING DURING THIS 
  TIME...AS WINDS THIS STRONG WILL MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT... 
  ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST
25 MPH...OR GUSTS OF AT LEAST 35 MPH...ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE
AFFECTED AREA. WINDS THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...
ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION. IN
ADDITION...ENSURE ALL LOOSE OUTDOOR OBJECTS REMAIN SECURE...
INCLUDING PATIO FURNITURE AND TRASH CANS.

&&

$$
2 follow-up statements
917 
WWUS74 KHUN 260326
NPWHUN

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HUNTSVILLE AL
926 PM CST TUE DEC 25 2012


TNZ076-096-097-261130-
/O.UPG.KHUN.WI.Y.0012.000000T0000Z-121227T0000Z/
/O.NEW.KHUN.WI.Y.0014.121226T0500Z-121227T0000Z/
/O.EXB.KHUN.HW.W.0001.000000T0000Z-121226T0500Z/
MOORE-LINCOLN-FRANKLIN TN-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...LYNCHBURG...FAYETTEVILLE...WINCHESTER
926 PM CST TUE DEC 25 2012

...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM CST THIS EVENING...
...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN HUNTSVILLE HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM CST THIS EVENING. A WIND
ADVISORY ALSO REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY.

* TIMING AND AREAS AFFECTED...THE HIGH WIND WARNING HAS BEEN EXTENDED
  TO INCLUDE PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN MIDDLE TENNESSEE AND ALSO EXTENDED
  THROUGH 11 PM THIS EVENING.
 

* WINDS...WINDS HAVE INCREASED IN INTENSITY ALONG THE BACK EDGE OF
  THE INITIAL PRECIPITATION SHIELD MOVING ACROSS THE AREA WITH
  OCCASIONAL GUSTS TO BETWEEN 50 AND 60 MPH. HUNTSVILLE INTERNATIONAL
  AIRPORT REPORTED A GUST TO NEAR 50 MPH AT 914 MPH. SEVERAL MESONET
  SITES IN MADISON COUNTY ARE REPORTING GUSTS TO NEAR 60 MPH...AND AN
  ELEVATED TOWER SITE REPORTED A GUST TO 69 MPH.

* IMPACTS...OUTDOOR HOLIDAY DECORATIONS MAY BE BLOWN AROUND BY THESE
  STRONG WINDS ALONG WITH DAMAGE TO TREES AND POWER LINES. USE
  CAUTION WHILE TRAVELING DURING THIS TIME...AS WINDS THIS STRONG
  WILL MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT... ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE
  VEHICLES.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED
OR OCCURRING. SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST 40 MPH OR GUSTS
OF 58 MPH OR MORE CAN LEAD TO PROPERTY DAMAGE.

&&

$$

ALZ006-008>010-261130-
/O.EXT.KHUN.HW.W.0001.000000T0000Z-121226T0500Z/
/O.EXT.KHUN.WI.Y.0013.121226T0500Z-121227T0000Z/
MADISON-MARSHALL-JACKSON-DEKALB-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...HUNTSVILLE...GUNTERSVILLE...
SCOTTSBORO...FORT PAYNE
926 PM CST TUE DEC 25 2012

...HIGH WIND WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM CST THIS EVENING...
...WIND ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY...

* TIMING AND AREAS AFFECTED...MADISON...MARSHALL...JACKSON AND 
  DEKALB COUNTIES THROUGH 10 PM THIS EVENING. 

* WINDS...WINDS HAVE INCREASED IN INTENSITY ALONG THE BACK EDGE 
  OF THE PRECIPITATION SHIELD MOVING ACROSS THE AREA WITH 
  OCCASIONAL GUSTS TO BETWEEN 50 AND 60 MPH. PRYOR FIELD IN 
  DECATUR REPORTED A GUST TO 43 MPH SHORTLY AFTER 800 PM CDT. 
  SEVERAL MESONET SITES IN MADISON COUNTY ARE REPORTING GUSTS TO 
  NEAR 60 MPH. 

* IMPACTS...OUTDOOR HOLIDAY DECORATIONS MAY BE BLOWN AROUND BY 
  THESE STRONG WINDS ALONG WITH DAMAGE TO TREES AND POWER LINES. 
  USE CAUTION WHILE TRAVELING DURING THIS TIME...AS WINDS THIS 
  STRONG WILL MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT... ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH 
  PROFILE VEHICLES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED
OR OCCURRING. SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST 40 MPH OR GUSTS
OF 58 MPH OR MORE CAN LEAD TO PROPERTY DAMAGE.

&&

$$

ALZ001>005-007-016-261130-
/O.CON.KHUN.WI.Y.0012.000000T0000Z-121227T0000Z/
LAUDERDALE-COLBERT-FRANKLIN AL-LAWRENCE-LIMESTONE-MORGAN-CULLMAN-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...FLORENCE...MUSCLE SHOALS...
RUSSELLVILLE...MOULTON...ATHENS...DECATUR...CULLMAN
926 PM CST TUE DEC 25 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY...

* TIMING AND AREAS AFFECTED...ALL OF NORTHERN ALABAMA AND 
  PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN MIDDLE TENNESSEE FROM 6 PM CST THIS 
  EVENING THROUGH 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY EVENING. 

* WINDS...SOUTHEASTERLY WINDS OF 15 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS OF 30 
  TO 35MPH...BECOMING SOUTHWESTERLY OVERNIGHT...AND TURNING TO 
  THE NORTHWEST BY MIDDAY WEDNESDAY. 

* IMPACTS...OUTDOOR HOLIDAY DECORATIONS MAY BE BLOWN AROUND BY 
  THESE STRONG WINDS. USE CAUTION WHILE TRAVELING DURING THIS 
  TIME...AS WINDS THIS STRONG WILL MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT... 
  ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST
25 MPH...OR GUSTS OF AT LEAST 35 MPH...ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE
AFFECTED AREA. WINDS THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...
ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION. IN
ADDITION...ENSURE ALL LOOSE OUTDOOR OBJECTS REMAIN SECURE...
INCLUDING PATIO FURNITURE AND TRASH CANS.

&&

$$
981 
WWUS74 KHUN 260444
NPWHUN

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HUNTSVILLE AL
1044 PM CST TUE DEC 25 2012

ALZ006-008>010-261245-
/O.CAN.KHUN.HW.W.0001.000000T0000Z-121226T0500Z/
/O.EXT.KHUN.WI.Y.0013.121226T0444Z-121227T0000Z/
MADISON-MARSHALL-JACKSON-DEKALB-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...HUNTSVILLE...GUNTERSVILLE...
SCOTTSBORO...FORT PAYNE
1044 PM CST TUE DEC 25 2012

...WIND ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY...
...HIGH WIND WARNING IS CANCELLED...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN HUNTSVILLE HAS CANCELLED THE HIGH
WIND WARNING. HOWEVER...THE WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6
PM CST WEDNESDAY EVENING. 

* TIMING AND AREAS AFFECTED...ALL OF NORTHERN ALABAMA AND PORTIONS OF
  SOUTHERN MIDDLE TENNESSEE THROUGH 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY EVENING.

* WINDS...SOUTHEASTERLY WINDS OF 20 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS TO
  35MPH...BECOMING SOUTHWESTERLY OVERNIGHT...AND TURNING TO THE
  NORTHWEST BY MIDDAY WEDNESDAY.

* IMPACTS...OUTDOOR HOLIDAY DECORATIONS MAY BE BLOWN AROUND BY THESE
  STRONG WINDS. USE CAUTION WHILE TRAVELING DURING THIS TIME...AS
  WINDS THIS STRONG WILL MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
  PROFILE VEHICLES.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST
25 MPH...OR GUSTS OF AT LEAST 35 MPH...ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE
AFFECTED AREA. WINDS THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...
ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION. IN
ADDITION...ENSURE ALL LOOSE OUTDOOR OBJECTS REMAIN SECURE...
INCLUDING PATIO FURNITURE AND TRASH CANS.

&&

$$

TNZ076-096-097-261245-
/O.CAN.KHUN.HW.W.0001.000000T0000Z-121226T0500Z/
/O.EXT.KHUN.WI.Y.0014.121226T0444Z-121227T0000Z/
MOORE-LINCOLN-FRANKLIN TN-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...LYNCHBURG...FAYETTEVILLE...WINCHESTER
1044 PM CST TUE DEC 25 2012

...WIND ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY...
...HIGH WIND WARNING IS CANCELLED...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN HUNTSVILLE HAS CANCELLED THE HIGH
WIND WARNING. HOWEVER...THE WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6
PM CST WEDNESDAY EVENING. 

* TIMING AND AREAS AFFECTED...ALL OF NORTHERN ALABAMA AND PORTIONS OF
  SOUTHERN MIDDLE TENNESSEE THROUGH 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY EVENING.

* WINDS...SOUTHEASTERLY WINDS OF 20 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS TO
  35MPH...BECOMING SOUTHWESTERLY OVERNIGHT...AND TURNING TO THE
  NORTHWEST BY MIDDAY WEDNESDAY.

* IMPACTS...OUTDOOR HOLIDAY DECORATIONS MAY BE BLOWN AROUND BY THESE
  STRONG WINDS. USE CAUTION WHILE TRAVELING DURING THIS TIME...AS
  WINDS THIS STRONG WILL MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
  PROFILE VEHICLES.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST
25 MPH...OR GUSTS OF AT LEAST 35 MPH...ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE
AFFECTED AREA. WINDS THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...
ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION. IN
ADDITION...ENSURE ALL LOOSE OUTDOOR OBJECTS REMAIN SECURE...
INCLUDING PATIO FURNITURE AND TRASH CANS.

&&

$$

ALZ001>005-007-016-261245-
/O.CON.KHUN.WI.Y.0012.000000T0000Z-121227T0000Z/
LAUDERDALE-COLBERT-FRANKLIN AL-LAWRENCE-LIMESTONE-MORGAN-CULLMAN-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...FLORENCE...MUSCLE SHOALS...
RUSSELLVILLE...MOULTON...ATHENS...DECATUR...CULLMAN
1044 PM CST TUE DEC 25 2012

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY...

* TIMING AND AREAS AFFECTED...ALL OF NORTHERN ALABAMA AND PORTIONS OF
  SOUTHERN  MIDDLE TENNESSEE THROUGH 6 PM CST WEDNESDAY EVENING.

* WINDS...SOUTHEASTERLY WINDS OF 20 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS UP 35MPH
  ...BECOMING  SOUTHWESTERLY OVERNIGHT...AND TURNING TO THE
  NORTHWEST BY MIDDAY WEDNESDAY.

* IMPACTS...OUTDOOR HOLIDAY DECORATIONS MAY BE BLOWN AROUND BY 
  THESE STRONG WINDS. USE CAUTION WHILE TRAVELING DURING THIS 
  TIME...AS WINDS THIS STRONG WILL MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT... 
  ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND ADVISORY MEANS THAT SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST
25 MPH...OR GUSTS OF AT LEAST 35 MPH...ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE
AFFECTED AREA. WINDS THIS STRONG CAN MAKE DRIVING DIFFICULT...
ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES. USE EXTRA CAUTION. IN
ADDITION...ENSURE ALL LOOSE OUTDOOR OBJECTS REMAIN SECURE...
INCLUDING PATIO FURNITURE AND TRASH CANS.

&&

$$

The office that day

Everything else NWS Huntsville, AL issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Dec 25, 8:36 PM CSTSpecial Weather StatementHUNCullman, DeKalb, Jackson, Madison, Marshall, Morgan54 min
Dec 25, 8:52 PM CSTWind AdvisoryHUNDeKalb, Jackson, Madison, Marshall21 hr
Dec 25, 9:17 PM CSTSpecial Weather StatementHUNCullman, Limestone, Morgan73 min
Dec 25, 9:49 PM CSTSpecial Weather StatementHUNCullman, Morgan26 min
Dec 25, 10:15 PM CSTSpecial Weather StatementHUNMadison30 min
Dec 25, 10:47 PM CSTSpecial Weather StatementHUNMadison28 min
Dec 26, 1:00 AM CSTSpecial Weather StatementHUNCullman30 min
Dec 26, 1:33 AM CSTSpecial Weather StatementHUNMarshall27 min
Dec 25, 9:26 PM CSTWind AdvisoryHUNFranklin, Lincoln, Moore21 hr
Dec 25, 9:51 PM CSTSpecial Weather StatementHUNLincoln, Moore24 min
Dec 25, 11:18 PM CSTSpecial Weather StatementHUNMoore12 min

Nearby

High Wind Warnings in Alabama, 2012High Wind Warnings in Tennessee, 2012Every high wind warning in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.