Alert archive / Nebraska / Red Flag Warnings in 2012

Red Flag Warning 46, NWS Cheyenne, WY

August 2, 2012

NWS Cheyenne, WY issued this red flag warning at Aug 2, 2012, 10:14 PM CDT. It took effect at Aug 3, 2012, 11:00 AM CDT. It was in force for 9 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Aug 2, 2012, 10:14 PM CDT (03:14 UTC)
In effect from
Aug 3, 2012, 11:00 AM CDT
Expired
Aug 3, 2012, 8:00 PM CDT
In force
9 hr
Issued by
NWS Cheyenne, WY

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

901 
WWUS85 KCYS 030314
RFWCYS

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHEYENNE WY
914 PM MDT THU AUG 2 2012

...CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS WILL OCCUR OVER MUCH OF
SOUTHEAST WYOMING ON FRIDAY FROM LATE MORNING THROUGH THE
AFTERNOON...

.A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE ACROSS SOUTHEAST WYOMING FROM THE NORTH
ON FRIDAY. AHEAD OF THE FRONT...WESTERLY SURFACE WINDS WILL GUST
AS HIGH AS 40 MPH DURING THE AFTERNOON COMBINED WITH MINIMUM
RELATIVE HUMIDITY VALUES FROM 10 TO 15 PERCENT. THE RESULT WILL BE
ANOTHER PERIOD OF CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS OVER MUCH OF
SOUTHEAST WYOMING FROM LATE MORNING THROUGH THE AFTERNOON. BEHIND
THE FRONT ON FRIDAY EVENING...TEMPERATURES WILL COOL AND NORTHERLY
WINDS WILL BE BREEZY.

WYZ302>304-306-308-309-031115-
/O.EXP.KCYS.FW.W.0045.000000T0000Z-120803T0300Z/
/O.UPG.KCYS.FW.A.0037.120803T1600Z-120804T0100Z/
/O.NEW.KCYS.FW.W.0046.120803T1600Z-120804T0100Z/
NORTH LARAMIE RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF-
CENTRAL AND NORTHERN CARBON/FERRIS-SEMINOE-SHIRLEY MOUNTAINS-
SOUTHWEST CARBON-UPPER NORTH PLATTE RIVER BASIN-
LARAMIE VALLEY/SHIRLEY BASIN-SOUTH LARAMIE RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF-
914 PM MDT THU AUG 2 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM TO 7 PM MDT FRIDAY FOR
WIND AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 302...303...
304...306...308 AND 309...

...RED FLAG WARNING HAS EXPIRED FOR WIND AND LOW RELATIVE
HUMIDITY FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 302...303...304...306...308 AND
309...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CHEYENNE HAS ISSUED A RED FLAG
WARNING FOR WIND AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT
FROM 10 AM TO 7 PM MDT FRIDAY. THE FIRE WEATHER WATCH IS NO
LONGER IN EFFECT.

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 302 NORTH LARAMIE 
  RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 303 CENTRAL AND 
  NORTHERN CARBON/FERRIS-SEMINOE-SHIRLEY MOUNTAINS...FIRE 
  WEATHER ZONE 304 SOUTHWEST CARBON...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 306 
  UPPER NORTH PLATTE RIVER BASIN...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 308 LARAMIE 
  VALLEY/SHIRLEY BASIN AND FIRE WEATHER ZONE 309 SOUTH LARAMIE 
  RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF.

* WINDS...WEST 15 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 40 MPH.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AS LOW AS 9 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...THE COMBINATION OF DRY FUELS...LOW HUMIDITIES...AND 
  GUSTY WINDS WILL INCREASE THE THREAT FOR RAPID FIRE SPREAD 
  ACROSS THE AREA. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW...OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES WILL
CREATE EXPLOSIVE FIRE GROWTH POTENTIAL.

&&

$$

WYZ301-030415-
/O.EXP.KCYS.FW.W.0045.000000T0000Z-120803T0300Z/
NIOBRARA/LOWER ELEVATIONS OF CONVERSE/THUNDER BASIN NATIONAL
GRASSLAND-
914 PM MDT THU AUG 2 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING HAS EXPIRED FOR WIND AND LOW RELATIVE
HUMIDITY FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONE 301...

RELATIVE HUMIDITY VALUES HAVE INCREASED AND WESTERLY WINDS HAVE
DECREASED OVER THE PAST FEW HOURS. THE RED FLAG WARNING IS NO
LONGER IN EFFECT.

$$

WYZ310-031115-
/O.UPG.KCYS.FW.A.0037.120803T1600Z-120804T0100Z/
/O.NEW.KCYS.FW.W.0046.120803T1600Z-120804T0100Z/
PLATTE/GOSHEN/CENTRAL AND EASTERN LARAMIE-
914 PM MDT THU AUG 2 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM TO 7 PM MDT FRIDAY FOR
WIND AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONE 310...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CHEYENNE HAS ISSUED A RED FLAG
WARNING FOR WIND AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT
FROM 10 AM TO 7 PM MDT FRIDAY. THE FIRE WEATHER WATCH IS NO
LONGER IN EFFECT.

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 310 PLATTE/GOSHEN/CENTRAL 
  AND EASTERN LARAMIE.

* WINDS...WEST 15 TO 20 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 30 MPH.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AS LOW AS 12 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...THE COMBINATION OF DRY FUELS...LOW HUMIDITIES...AND 
  GUSTY WINDS WILL INCREASE THE THREAT FOR RAPID FIRE SPREAD 
  ACROSS THE AREA. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW...OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES WILL
CREATE EXPLOSIVE FIRE GROWTH POTENTIAL.

&&

$$

FINCH
4 follow-up statements
979 
WWUS85 KCYS 031015
RFWCYS

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHEYENNE WY
415 AM MDT FRI AUG 3 2012

...CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS WILL OCCUR OVER MUCH OF
SOUTHEAST WYOMING TODAY FROM LATE MORNING THROUGH THE AFTERNOON...

.A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE ACROSS SOUTHEAST WYOMING FROM THE NORTH
LATER TODAY. AHEAD OF THE FRONT...WEST WINDS WILL GUST AS HIGH AS
40 MPH IN THE AFTERNOON COMBINED WITH MINIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITIES
FROM 10 TO 15 PERCENT. THE RESULT WILL BE ANOTHER PERIOD OF
CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS OVER MUCH OF SOUTHEAST WYOMING
FROM LATE MORNING THROUGH THE AFTERNOON. BEHIND THE FRONT THIS 
EVENING...TEMPERATURES WILL COOL AND NORTH WINDS WILL BE BREEZY.

WYZ302>304-306-308>310-032300-
/O.CON.KCYS.FW.W.0046.120803T1600Z-120804T0100Z/
NORTH LARAMIE RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF-
CENTRAL AND NORTHERN CARBON/FERRIS-SEMINOE-SHIRLEY MOUNTAINS-
SOUTHWEST CARBON-UPPER NORTH PLATTE RIVER BASIN-
LARAMIE VALLEY/SHIRLEY BASIN-SOUTH LARAMIE RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF-
PLATTE/GOSHEN/CENTRAL AND EASTERN LARAMIE-
415 AM MDT FRI AUG 3 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM THIS MORNING TO
7 PM MDT THIS EVENING FOR WIND AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY FOR FIRE
WEATHER ZONES 302...303...304...306...308...309 AND 310...

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 302 NORTH LARAMIE 
  RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 303 CENTRAL AND 
  NORTHERN CARBON/FERRIS-SEMINOE-SHIRLEY MOUNTAINS...FIRE 
  WEATHER ZONE 304 SOUTHWEST CARBON...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 306 
  UPPER NORTH PLATTE RIVER BASIN...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 308 LARAMIE 
  VALLEY/SHIRLEY BASIN...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 309 SOUTH LARAMIE 
  RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF AND FIRE WEATHER ZONE 310 
  PLATTE/GOSHEN/CENTRAL AND EASTERN LARAMIE.

* WINDS...WEST 15 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 40 MPH.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AS LOW AS 10 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...THE COMBINATION OF DRY FUELS...LOW HUMIDITIES...AND 
  GUSTY WINDS WILL INCREASE THE THREAT FOR RAPID FIRE SPREAD 
  ACROSS THE AREA. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW...OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES WILL
CREATE EXPLOSIVE FIRE GROWTH POTENTIAL.

&&

$$

RUBIN
580 
WWUS85 KCYS 031603
RFWCYS

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHEYENNE WY
1003 AM MDT FRI AUG 3 2012

...CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS WILL OCCUR OVER MUCH OF
SOUTHEAST WYOMING AND THE SOUTHERN NEBRASKA PANHANDLE THROUGH THE
AFTERNOON...

.A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE ACROSS THE AREA FROM THE NORTH LATER
TODAY. AHEAD OF THE FRONT...WEST WINDS WILL GUST AS HIGH AS 40 MPH
IN THE AFTERNOON COMBINED WITH MINIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITIES FROM 10
TO 15 PERCENT. THE RESULT WILL BE ANOTHER PERIOD OF CRITICAL FIRE
WEATHER CONDITIONS OVER MUCH OF SOUTHEAST WYOMING AND THE SOUTHERN
NEBRASKA PANHANDLE THROUGH THE AFTERNOON. BEHIND THE FRONT THIS
EVENING...TEMPERATURES WILL COOL AND NORTH WINDS WILL BE BREEZY.

NEZ313-040015-
/O.EXA.KCYS.FW.W.0046.120803T1600Z-120804T0100Z/
SCOTTS BLUFF NATIONAL MONUMENT/WILDCAT HILLS-
1003 AM MDT FRI AUG 3 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM MDT THIS EVENING FOR
WIND AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONE 313...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CHEYENNE HAS ISSUED A RED FLAG
WARNING FOR WIND AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT
UNTIL 7 PM MDT THIS EVENING.

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 313 SCOTTS BLUFF NATIONAL 
  MONUMENT/WILDCAT HILLS.

* WINDS...WEST 15 TO 20 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 30 MPH.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AS LOW AS 9 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...THE COMBINATION OF DRY FUELS...LOW HUMIDITIES...AND 
  GUSTY WINDS WILL INCREASE THE THREAT FOR RAPID FIRE SPREAD 
  ACROSS THE AREA. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW...OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES WILL
CREATE EXPLOSIVE FIRE GROWTH POTENTIAL.

&&

$$

WYZ302>304-306-308>310-040015-
/O.CON.KCYS.FW.W.0046.000000T0000Z-120804T0100Z/
NORTH LARAMIE RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF-
CENTRAL AND NORTHERN CARBON/FERRIS-SEMINOE-SHIRLEY MOUNTAINS-
SOUTHWEST CARBON-UPPER NORTH PLATTE RIVER BASIN-
LARAMIE VALLEY/SHIRLEY BASIN-SOUTH LARAMIE RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF-
PLATTE/GOSHEN/CENTRAL AND EASTERN LARAMIE-
1003 AM MDT FRI AUG 3 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM MDT THIS EVENING
FOR WIND AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 302...
303...304...306...308...309 AND 310...

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 302 NORTH LARAMIE 
  RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 303 CENTRAL AND 
  NORTHERN CARBON/FERRIS-SEMINOE-SHIRLEY MOUNTAINS...FIRE 
  WEATHER ZONE 304 SOUTHWEST CARBON...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 306 
  UPPER NORTH PLATTE RIVER BASIN...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 308 LARAMIE 
  VALLEY/SHIRLEY BASIN...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 309 SOUTH LARAMIE 
  RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF AND FIRE WEATHER ZONE 310 
  PLATTE/GOSHEN/CENTRAL AND EASTERN LARAMIE.

* WINDS...WEST 15 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 35 MPH.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AS LOW AS 10 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...THE COMBINATION OF DRY FUELS...LOW HUMIDITIES...AND 
  GUSTY WINDS WILL INCREASE THE THREAT FOR RAPID FIRE SPREAD 
  ACROSS THE AREA. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW...OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES WILL
CREATE EXPLOSIVE FIRE GROWTH POTENTIAL.

&&

$$

FINCH
336 
WWUS85 KCYS 032023
RFWCYS

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHEYENNE WY
223 PM MDT FRI AUG 3 2012

...CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS WILL OCCUR OVER MUCH OF
SOUTHEAST WYOMING AND THE NEBRASKA PANHANDLE THROUGH THE LATE 
AFTERNOON...

.A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE ACROSS THE AREA FROM THE NORTH THIS
AFTERNOON AND EVENING. AHEAD OF THE FRONT...WEST WINDS WILL GUST
AS HIGH AS 40 MPH COMBINED WITH MINIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITIES FROM
10 TO 15 PERCENT. THE RESULT WILL BE ANOTHER PERIOD OF CRITICAL
FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS OVER MUCH OF SOUTHEAST WYOMING AND THE
SOUTHERN NEBRASKA PANHANDLE THROUGH THE AFTERNOON. BEHIND THE
FRONT THIS EVENING...TEMPERATURES WILL COOL AND NORTH WINDS WILL
BE BREEZY.

NEZ312-040100-
/O.EXA.KCYS.FW.W.0046.000000T0000Z-120804T0100Z/
BOX BUTTE/SOUTH SIOUX-
223 PM MDT FRI AUG 3 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM MDT THIS EVENING FOR
WIND AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONE 312...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CHEYENNE HAS ISSUED A RED FLAG
WARNING FOR WIND AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT
UNTIL 7 PM MDT THIS EVENING.

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 312 BOX BUTTE/SOUTH SIOUX.

* WINDS...WEST 15 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 35 MPH.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AS LOW AS 10 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...THE COMBINATION OF DRY FUELS...LOW HUMIDITIES...AND 
  GUSTY WINDS WILL INCREASE THE THREAT FOR RAPID FIRE SPREAD 
  ACROSS THE AREA. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW...OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES WILL
CREATE EXPLOSIVE FIRE GROWTH POTENTIAL.

&&

$$

NEZ313-WYZ302>304-306-308>310-040100-
/O.CON.KCYS.FW.W.0046.000000T0000Z-120804T0100Z/
SCOTTS BLUFF NATIONAL MONUMENT/WILDCAT HILLS-
NORTH LARAMIE RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF-
CENTRAL AND NORTHERN CARBON/FERRIS-SEMINOE-SHIRLEY MOUNTAINS-
SOUTHWEST CARBON-UPPER NORTH PLATTE RIVER BASIN-
LARAMIE VALLEY/SHIRLEY BASIN-SOUTH LARAMIE RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF-
PLATTE/GOSHEN/CENTRAL AND EASTERN LARAMIE-
223 PM MDT FRI AUG 3 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM MDT THIS EVENING
FOR WIND AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 302...
303...304...306...308...309...310 AND 313...

* AFFECTED AREA...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 302 NORTH LARAMIE 
  RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 303 CENTRAL AND 
  NORTHERN CARBON/FERRIS-SEMINOE-SHIRLEY MOUNTAINS...FIRE 
  WEATHER ZONE 304 SOUTHWEST CARBON...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 306 
  UPPER NORTH PLATTE RIVER BASIN...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 308 LARAMIE 
  VALLEY/SHIRLEY BASIN...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 309 SOUTH LARAMIE 
  RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF...FIRE WEATHER ZONE 310 
  PLATTE/GOSHEN/CENTRAL AND EASTERN LARAMIE AND FIRE WEATHER 
  ZONE 313 SCOTTS BLUFF NATIONAL MONUMENT/WILDCAT HILLS.

* WINDS...WEST 15 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 35 MPH.

* RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AS LOW AS 10 PERCENT.

* IMPACTS...THE COMBINATION OF DRY FUELS...LOW HUMIDITIES...AND 
  GUSTY WINDS WILL INCREASE THE THREAT FOR RAPID FIRE SPREAD 
  ACROSS THE AREA. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A RED FLAG WARNING MEANS THAT CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ARE EITHER OCCURRING NOW...OR WILL SHORTLY. A COMBINATION OF
STRONG WINDS...LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY...AND WARM TEMPERATURES WILL
CREATE EXPLOSIVE FIRE GROWTH POTENTIAL.

&&

$$

FINCH
563 
WWUS85 KCYS 040056
RFWCYS

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHEYENNE WY
656 PM MDT FRI AUG 3 2012

NEZ312-313-WYZ302>304-306-308>310-040200-
/O.EXP.KCYS.FW.W.0046.000000T0000Z-120804T0100Z/
BOX BUTTE/SOUTH SIOUX-
SCOTTS BLUFF NATIONAL MONUMENT/WILDCAT HILLS-
NORTH LARAMIE RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF-
CENTRAL AND NORTHERN CARBON/FERRIS-SEMINOE-SHIRLEY MOUNTAINS-
SOUTHWEST CARBON-UPPER NORTH PLATTE RIVER BASIN-
LARAMIE VALLEY/SHIRLEY BASIN-SOUTH LARAMIE RANGE/MEDICINE BOW NF-
PLATTE/GOSHEN/CENTRAL AND EASTERN LARAMIE-
656 PM MDT FRI AUG 3 2012

...RED FLAG WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 7 PM MDT THIS EVENING FOR WIND
AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY FOR FIRE WEATHER ZONES 302...303...
304...306...308...309...310...312 AND 313...

TEMPERATURES HAVE COOLED AND RELATIVE HUMIDITIES HAVE RISEN EARLY
THIS EVENING AS A COLD FRONT HAS PUSHED SOUTH ACROSS MOST OF THE
DISTRICTS. CONDITIONS WILL CONTINUE TO IMPROVE THROUGH THE EVENING
THOUGH GUSTY NORTHERLY WINDS WILL STILL OCCUR ESPECIALLY OVER FAR
SOUTHEAST WYOMING INTO THE NEBRASKA PANHANDLE.

$$

RE

Nearby

Red Flag Warnings in Nebraska, 2012Red Flag Warnings in Wyoming, 2012Every red flag warning in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text.