Alert archive / Ohio / Freeze Warnings in 2012

Freeze Warning 9, NWS Cleveland, OH

April 27, 201212 counties in Ohio; Crawford County, Erie County, Pennsylvania

NWS Cleveland, OH issued this freeze warning at Apr 27, 2012, 3:16 PM EDT for 12 counties in Ohio; Crawford County, Erie County, Pennsylvania. It took effect at Apr 28, 2012, 1:00 AM EDT. It was in force for 8 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Apr 27, 2012, 3:16 PM EDT (19:16 UTC)
In effect from
Apr 28, 2012, 1:00 AM EDT
Expired
Apr 28, 2012, 8:44 AM EDT
In force
8 hr
Issued by
NWS Cleveland, OH

Counties Ashland County, OH, Ashtabula County, OH, Geauga County, OH, Holmes County, OH, Mahoning County, OH, Medina County, OH, Portage County, OH, Richland County, OH, Stark County, OH, Summit County, OH, Trumbull County, OH, Wayne County, OH, Crawford County, PA, Erie County, PA

The radar

The Cleveland radar (KCLE), 52 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:18 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Pittsburgh, PA (KPIT), launched 12:00Z, 7.3 hours before the alert went out and 134 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Pittsburgh, PA at 12:00Z on 2012-04-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Pittsburgh, PA at 12:00Z on 2012-04-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -6 square meters per square second.1939587897117136Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
1262 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
89 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-6 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
38 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

838 
WWUS71 KCLE 271916
NPWCLE

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CLEVELAND OH
316 PM EDT FRI APR 27 2012

OHZ014-023-033-PAZ002-003-280330-
/O.UPG.KCLE.FZ.A.0005.120428T0500Z-120428T1300Z/
/O.NEW.KCLE.FZ.W.0009.120428T0500Z-120428T1300Z/
ASHTABULA INLAND-TRUMBULL-MAHONING-SOUTHERN ERIE-CRAWFORD PA-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...JEFFERSON...WARREN...YOUNGSTOWN...
EDINBORO...MEADVILLE
316 PM EDT FRI APR 27 2012

...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 9 AM EDT SATURDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CLEVELAND HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 9 AM EDT SATURDAY. THE
FREEZE WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT.

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE MIDDLE TO UPPER 20S.

* TIMING...TEMPERATURES WILL FALL BELOW FREEZING OVERNIGHT WITH
  WINDS BECOMING NEARLY CALM. SEVERAL HOURS OF TEMPERATURES BELOW
  FREEZING CAN BE EXPECTED MOST AREAS.

* IMPACTS...WIDESPREAD FROST WILL DEVELOP OVERNIGHT AND 
  UNPROTECTED OUTDOOR PLANTS COULD BE DAMAGED OR KILLED. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE
FORECAST TO THREATEN OUTDOOR PLANTS. IF YOU ARE IN THE WARNED
AREA YOU SHOULD HARVEST OR PROTECT TENDER VEGETATION. ALSO...
POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS SHOULD BE COVERED OR BROUGHT
INSIDE AWAY FROM THE COLD. STAY TUNED TO WEATHER RADIO FOR
FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES.

&&

$$

OHZ013-020>022-029>032-038-089-PAZ001-280330-
/O.NEW.KCLE.FZ.W.0009.120428T0500Z-120428T1300Z/
GEAUGA-MEDINA-SUMMIT-PORTAGE-RICHLAND-ASHLAND-WAYNE-STARK-HOLMES-
ASHTABULA LAKESHORE-NORTHERN ERIE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CHARDON...MEDINA...AKRON...RAVENNA...
MANSFIELD...ASHLAND...WOOSTER...CANTON...MILLERSBURG...
ASHTABULA...ERIE
316 PM EDT FRI APR 27 2012

...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 9 AM EDT SATURDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CLEVELAND HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 9 AM EDT SATURDAY.

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...TEMPERATURES WILL FALL BELOW FREEZING OVERNIGHT WITH
  WINDS BECOMING NEARLY CALM.

* IMPACTS...WIDESPREAD FROST WILL DEVELOP OVERNIGHT AND
  UNPROTECTED OUTDOOR PLANTS COULD BE DAMAGED OR KILLED.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE
FORECAST TO THREATEN OUTDOOR PLANTS. IF YOU ARE IN THE WARNED
AREA YOU SHOULD HARVEST OR PROTECT TENDER VEGETATION. ALSO...
POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS SHOULD BE COVERED OR BROUGHT
INSIDE AWAY FROM THE COLD. STAY TUNED TO WEATHER RADIO FOR
FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES.

&&

$$
KUBINA
3 follow-up statements
834 
WWUS71 KCLE 280823
NPWCLE

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CLEVELAND OH
423 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

OHZ013-014-020>023-029>031-033-PAZ002-003-281630-
/O.NEW.KCLE.FZ.A.0006.120429T0400Z-120429T1300Z/
/O.CON.KCLE.FZ.W.0009.000000T0000Z-120428T1300Z/
GEAUGA-ASHTABULA INLAND-MEDINA-SUMMIT-PORTAGE-TRUMBULL-RICHLAND-
ASHLAND-WAYNE-MAHONING-SOUTHERN ERIE-CRAWFORD PA-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CHARDON...JEFFERSON...MEDINA...AKRON...
RAVENNA...WARREN...MANSFIELD...ASHLAND...WOOSTER...YOUNGSTOWN...
EDINBORO...MEADVILLE
423 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EDT THIS MORNING...
...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY
MORNING...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CLEVELAND HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WATCH FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY MORNING.

* TEMPERATURES...FROM THE UPPER 20S TO THE LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...TEMPERATURES WILL BE NEAR OR BELOW FREEZING BETWEEN
  MIDNIGHT AND 9 AM.

* IMPACTS...UNPROTECTED SEASONAL AND TENDER OUTDOOR PLANTS COULD
  BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FROST AND FREEZE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

IF YOU ARE IN THE WARNED AREA YOU SHOULD PROTECT TENDER AND
SEASONAL VEGETATION. POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS SHOULD
BE COVERED OR BROUGHT INSIDE FROM THE COLD. STAY TUNED TO WEATHER
RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES.
 
A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE AGAIN TONIGHT.
THESE CONDITIONS COULD DAMAGE OR KILL CROPS AND OTHER SENSITIVE
VEGETATION.

&&

$$

OHZ032-038-089-PAZ001-281300-
/O.CON.KCLE.FZ.W.0009.000000T0000Z-120428T1300Z/
STARK-HOLMES-ASHTABULA LAKESHORE-NORTHERN ERIE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CANTON...MILLERSBURG...ASHTABULA...ERIE
423 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EDT THIS MORNING...

* TEMPERATURES...FROM THE UPPER 20S TO THE LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...TEMPERATURES WILL BE NEAR OR BELOW FREEZING BETWEEN
  MIDNIGHT AND 9 AM.

* IMPACTS...UNPROTECTED SEASONAL AND TENDER OUTDOOR PLANTS COULD
  BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FROST AND FREEZE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

IF YOU ARE IN THE WARNED AREA YOU SHOULD PROTECT TENDER AND
SEASONAL VEGETATION. POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS SHOULD
BE COVERED OR BROUGHT INSIDE FROM THE COLD. STAY TUNED TO WEATHER
RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES.

&&

$$

OHZ003-006>011-018-019-028-281630-
/O.NEW.KCLE.FZ.A.0006.120429T0400Z-120429T1300Z/
LUCAS-WOOD-OTTAWA-SANDUSKY-ERIE OH-LORAIN-CUYAHOGA-SENECA-HURON-
CRAWFORD-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...TOLEDO...BOWLING GREEN...PORT CLINTON...
FREMONT...SANDUSKY...LORAIN...CLEVELAND...TIFFIN...NORWALK...
BUCYRUS
423 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY
MORNING...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CLEVELAND HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WATCH FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY MORNING.

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...TEMPERATURES WILL BE NEAR OR BELOW FREEZING BETWEEN
  MIDNIGHT AND 9 AM.

* IMPACTS...UNPROTECTED SEASONAL AND TENDER OUTDOOR PLANTS COULD
  BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FROST AND FREEZE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE
TONIGHT. THESE CONDITIONS COULD DAMAGE OR KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$
638 
WWUS71 KCLE 280855
NPWCLE

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CLEVELAND OH
455 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

OHZ020-021-029>031-281700-
/O.CAN.KCLE.FZ.W.0009.000000T0000Z-120428T1300Z/
/O.CON.KCLE.FZ.A.0006.120429T0400Z-120429T1300Z/
MEDINA-SUMMIT-RICHLAND-ASHLAND-WAYNE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MEDINA...AKRON...MANSFIELD...ASHLAND...
WOOSTER
455 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
SUNDAY MORNING...
...FREEZE WARNING IS CANCELLED...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CLEVELAND HAS CANCELLED THE
FREEZE WARNING FOR THIS MORNING.

* TEMPERATURES ARE RISING EARLY THIS MORNING THROUGH THE 30S AS
  CLOUDS INCREASE. LOWS TONIGHT WILL BE AROUND 30.

* TIMING...TEMPERATURES WILL BE NEAR OR BELOW FREEZING BETWEEN
  MIDNIGHT TONIGHT AND 9 AM SUNDAY.

* IMPACTS...UNPROTECTED SEASONAL AND TENDER OUTDOOR PLANTS COULD 
  BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FROST AND FREEZE. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE AGAIN
TONIGHT. THESE CONDITIONS COULD DAMAGE OR KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

OHZ032-038-281000-
/O.CAN.KCLE.FZ.W.0009.000000T0000Z-120428T1300Z/
STARK-HOLMES-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CANTON...MILLERSBURG
455 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

...FREEZE WARNING IS CANCELLED...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CLEVELAND HAS CANCELLED THE
FREEZE WARNING.

TEMPERATURES ARE RISING EARLY THIS MORNING THROUGH THE 30S AS
CLOUDS INCREASE.


$$

OHZ013-014-022-023-033-PAZ002-003-281700-
/O.CON.KCLE.FZ.W.0009.000000T0000Z-120428T1300Z/
/O.CON.KCLE.FZ.A.0006.120429T0400Z-120429T1300Z/
GEAUGA-ASHTABULA INLAND-PORTAGE-TRUMBULL-MAHONING-SOUTHERN ERIE-
CRAWFORD PA-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CHARDON...JEFFERSON...RAVENNA...
WARREN...YOUNGSTOWN...EDINBORO...MEADVILLE
455 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EDT THIS MORNING...
...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
SUNDAY MORNING...

* TEMPERATURES...FROM THE UPPER 20S TO THE LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...TEMPERATURES WILL BE NEAR OR BELOW FREEZING BETWEEN 
  MIDNIGHT AND 9 AM. 

* IMPACTS...UNPROTECTED SEASONAL AND TENDER OUTDOOR PLANTS COULD 
  BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FROST AND FREEZE. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

IF YOU ARE IN THE WARNED AREA YOU SHOULD PROTECT TENDER AND
SEASONAL VEGETATION. POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS SHOULD
BE COVERED OR BROUGHT INSIDE FROM THE COLD. STAY TUNED TO WEATHER
RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES.

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE AGAIN
TONIGHT. THESE CONDITIONS COULD DAMAGE OR KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

OHZ089-PAZ001-281300-
/O.CON.KCLE.FZ.W.0009.000000T0000Z-120428T1300Z/
ASHTABULA LAKESHORE-NORTHERN ERIE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...ASHTABULA...ERIE
455 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EDT THIS MORNING...

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...TEMPERATURES WILL BE NEAR OR BELOW FREEZING UNTIL 9
  AM.

* IMPACTS...UNPROTECTED SEASONAL AND TENDER OUTDOOR PLANTS COULD 
  BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FROST AND FREEZE. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

IF YOU ARE IN THE WARNED AREA YOU SHOULD PROTECT TENDER AND
SEASONAL VEGETATION. POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS SHOULD
BE COVERED OR BROUGHT INSIDE FROM THE COLD. STAY TUNED TO WEATHER
RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES.

&&

$$

OHZ003-006>011-018-019-028-281700-
/O.CON.KCLE.FZ.A.0006.120429T0400Z-120429T1300Z/
LUCAS-WOOD-OTTAWA-SANDUSKY-ERIE OH-LORAIN-CUYAHOGA-SENECA-HURON-
CRAWFORD-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...TOLEDO...BOWLING GREEN...PORT CLINTON...
FREMONT...SANDUSKY...LORAIN...CLEVELAND...TIFFIN...NORWALK...
BUCYRUS
455 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
SUNDAY MORNING...

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...TEMPERATURES WILL BE NEAR OR BELOW FREEZING BETWEEN 
  MIDNIGHT AND 9 AM. 

* IMPACTS...UNPROTECTED SEASONAL AND TENDER OUTDOOR PLANTS COULD 
  BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FROST AND FREEZE. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE
TONIGHT. THESE CONDITIONS COULD DAMAGE OR KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$
268 
WWUS71 KCLE 281244
NPWCLE

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CLEVELAND OH
844 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

OHZ013-014-022-023-033-PAZ002-003-282045-
/O.CAN.KCLE.FZ.W.0009.000000T0000Z-120428T1300Z/
/O.CON.KCLE.FZ.A.0006.120429T0400Z-120429T1300Z/
GEAUGA-ASHTABULA INLAND-PORTAGE-TRUMBULL-MAHONING-SOUTHERN ERIE-
CRAWFORD PA-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CHARDON...JEFFERSON...RAVENNA...
WARREN...YOUNGSTOWN...EDINBORO...MEADVILLE
844 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
SUNDAY MORNING...
...FREEZE WARNING IS CANCELLED...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CLEVELAND HAS CANCELLED THE
FREEZE WARNING.

* TEMPERATURES...FROM THE UPPER 20S TO THE LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...TEMPERATURES WILL BE NEAR OR BELOW FREEZING BETWEEN 
  MIDNIGHT AND 9 AM. 

* IMPACTS...UNPROTECTED SEASONAL AND TENDER OUTDOOR PLANTS COULD 
  BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FROST AND FREEZE. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

IF YOU ARE IN THE WARNED AREA YOU SHOULD PROTECT TENDER AND
SEASONAL VEGETATION. POTTED PLANTS NORMALLY LEFT OUTDOORS SHOULD
BE COVERED OR BROUGHT INSIDE FROM THE COLD. STAY TUNED TO WEATHER
RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES.

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE AGAIN
TONIGHT. THESE CONDITIONS COULD DAMAGE OR KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE.
THESE CONDITIONS COULD KILL CROPS AND OTHER SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

OHZ089-PAZ001-281345-
/O.CAN.KCLE.FZ.W.0009.000000T0000Z-120428T1300Z/
ASHTABULA LAKESHORE-NORTHERN ERIE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...ASHTABULA...ERIE
844 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

...FREEZE WARNING IS CANCELLED...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CLEVELAND HAS CANCELLED THE
FREEZE WARNING.

CLOUDS HAVE MOVED OVER THE AREA EARLY THIS MORNING...AND A LIGHT
BREEZE HAS DEVELOPED. THIS IN COMBINATION WITH SUNRISE HAS ALLOWED
TEMPERATURES TO RISE INTO THE MID 30S.

$$

OHZ003-006>011-018>021-028>031-282045-
/O.CON.KCLE.FZ.A.0006.120429T0400Z-120429T1300Z/
LUCAS-WOOD-OTTAWA-SANDUSKY-ERIE OH-LORAIN-CUYAHOGA-SENECA-HURON-
MEDINA-SUMMIT-CRAWFORD-RICHLAND-ASHLAND-WAYNE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...TOLEDO...BOWLING GREEN...PORT CLINTON...
FREMONT...SANDUSKY...LORAIN...CLEVELAND...TIFFIN...NORWALK...
MEDINA...AKRON...BUCYRUS...MANSFIELD...ASHLAND...WOOSTER
844 AM EDT SAT APR 28 2012

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
SUNDAY MORNING...

* TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S.

* TIMING...TEMPERATURES WILL BE NEAR OR BELOW FREEZING BETWEEN 
  MIDNIGHT AND 9 AM. 

* IMPACTS...UNPROTECTED SEASONAL AND TENDER OUTDOOR PLANTS COULD 
  BE DAMAGED OR KILLED BY FROST AND FREEZE. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE
TONIGHT. THESE CONDITIONS COULD DAMAGE OR KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

The office that day

Everything else NWS Cleveland, OH issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 27, 4:05 AM EDTFreeze WatchCLEAshtabula, Mahoning, Trumbull11 hr

Nearby

Freeze Warnings in Ohio, 2012Freeze Warnings in Pennsylvania, 2012Every freeze warning in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.