Alert archive / Wisconsin / Freeze Warnings in 2012

Freeze Warning 3, NWS La Crosse, WI

April 4, 20126 counties in Wisconsin

NWS La Crosse, WI issued this freeze warning at Apr 4, 2012, 3:42 AM CDT for 6 counties in Wisconsin. It took effect at Apr 5, 2012, 2:00 AM CDT. It was in force for 6 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Apr 4, 2012, 3:42 AM CDT (08:42 UTC)
In effect from
Apr 5, 2012, 2:00 AM CDT
Expired
Apr 5, 2012, 7:52 AM CDT
In force
6 hr
Issued by
NWS La Crosse, WI

Counties Adams County, WI, Clark County, WI, Jackson County, WI, Juneau County, WI, Monroe County, WI, Taylor County, WI

The radar

The La Crosse radar (KARX), 86 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 08:42 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Green Bay/Straub, WI (KGRB), launched 00:00Z, 8.7 hours before the alert went out and 184 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Green Bay/Straub, WI at 00:00Z on 2012-04-04Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Green Bay/Straub, WI at 00:00Z on 2012-04-04The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -134 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
1293 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
56 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-134 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-77 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

847 
WWUS73 KARX 040842
NPWARX

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LA CROSSE WI
342 AM CDT WED APR 4 2012

...FREEZE CONDITIONS EXPECTED TONIGHT AND THURSDAY NIGHT OVER
PORTIONS OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHWEST WISCONSIN...

.COOL AND DRY AIR SPREADING INTO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER
VALLEY REGION WILL SET THE STAGE FOR FREEZE CONDITIONS OVER
PORTIONS OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHWEST WISCONSIN TONIGHT AND THURSDAY
NIGHT. LOWS IN THE MIDDLE TO UPPER 20S ARE ANTICIPATED...RESULTING
IN SEVERE DAMAGE TO COLD-SENSITIVE VEGETATION IF NOT PROPERLY
PROTECTED.

WIZ017-029-034-042>044-041645-
/O.NEW.KARX.FZ.W.0003.120405T0700Z-120405T1300Z/
/O.NEW.KARX.FZ.A.0001.120406T0700Z-120406T1300Z/
TAYLOR-CLARK-JACKSON-MONROE-JUNEAU-ADAMS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MEDFORD...NEILLSVILLE...
BLACK RIVER FALLS...SPARTA/TOMAH...MAUSTON
342 AM CDT WED APR 4 2012

...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM TO 8 AM CDT THURSDAY...
...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY
MORNING...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LA CROSSE HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM TO 8 AM CDT THURSDAY. A
FREEZE WATCH HAS ALSO BEEN ISSUED. THIS FREEZE WATCH IS IN EFFECT
FROM LATE THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY MORNING. 

* LOOK FOR TEMPERATURES TO FALL INTO THE MIDDLE TO UPPER 20S BOTH
  TONIGHT AND ON THURSDAY NIGHT. SHELTERED LOCATIONS COULD EVEN
  DROP INTO THE LOWER 20S THURSDAY NIGHT.

* MEASURES WILL NEED TO BE TAKEN TO PROTECT ANY COLD-SENSITIVE
  VEGETATION TONIGHT AND AGAIN THURSDAY NIGHT.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE.
THESE CONDITIONS COULD KILL CROPS AND OTHER SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

AJ

WEATHER.GOV/LACROSSE
4 follow-up statements
503 
WWUS73 KARX 042028
NPWARX

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LA CROSSE WI
328 PM CDT WED APR 4 2012

...FREEZING TEMPERATURES POSSIBLE TONIGHT AND AGAIN THURSDAY NIGHT...

.DRY AIR IN PLACE OVER THE REGION WILL ALLOW TEMPERATURES THE NEXT
COUPLE NIGHTS TO DROP AT OR BELOW THE FREEZING MARK IN MANY AREAS.
CONDITIONS WILL BE COLD ENOUGH TONIGHT FOR A FREEZE IN PARTS OF
CENTRAL AND WESTERN WISCONSIN...BUT COULD BE MORE WIDESPREAD
THURSDAY NIGHT WITH EVEN COLDER READINGS.

LOWS COULD REACH THE MIDDLE TO UPPER 20S IN SOME AREAS WHICH COULD
DAMAGE SENSITIVE VEGETATION /FRUIT TREES/ IF NOT PROPERLY
PROTECTED.

WIZ017-029-034-042>044-050430-
/O.CON.KARX.FZ.W.0003.120405T0700Z-120405T1300Z/
/O.CON.KARX.FZ.A.0001.120406T0700Z-120406T1300Z/
TAYLOR-CLARK-JACKSON-MONROE-JUNEAU-ADAMS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MEDFORD...NEILLSVILLE...
BLACK RIVER FALLS...SPARTA/TOMAH...MAUSTON
328 PM CDT WED APR 4 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM TO 8 AM CDT
THURSDAY...
...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE THURSDAY NIGHT
THROUGH FRIDAY MORNING...

* LOWS WILL BE IN THE MID TO UPPER 20S TONIGHT AND THURSDAY
  NIGHT. SHELTERED LOCATIONS COULD EVEN DROP INTO THE LOWER 20S
  THURSDAY NIGHT.

* MEASURES WILL NEED TO BE TAKEN TO PROTECT ANY COLD-SENSITIVE 
  VEGETATION TONIGHT AND AGAIN THURSDAY NIGHT. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS COULD KILL OR DAMAGE SENSITIVE
VEGETATION.

&&

$$

IAZ008>011-018-019-029-030-MNZ079-086>088-094>096-WIZ032-033-041-
053>055-061-050430-
/O.EXA.KARX.FZ.A.0001.120406T0700Z-120406T1300Z/
MITCHELL-HOWARD-WINNESHIEK-ALLAMAKEE-FLOYD-CHICKASAW-FAYETTE-
CLAYTON-WABASHA-DODGE-OLMSTED-WINONA-MOWER-FILLMORE-HOUSTON-
BUFFALO-TREMPEALEAU-LA CROSSE-VERNON-CRAWFORD-RICHLAND-GRANT-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...DECORAH...WAUKON...CHARLES CITY...
NEW HAMPTON...OELWEIN...ROCHESTER...WINONA...AUSTIN...LA CROSSE...
VIROQUA...PRAIRIE DU CHIEN...RICHLAND CENTER...PLATTEVILLE
328 PM CDT WED APR 4 2012

...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY
MORNING...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LA CROSSE HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WATCH...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM LATE THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH
FRIDAY MORNING. 

* LOWS TOMORROW NIGHT WILL FALL INTO THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S.
  ISOLATED COLDER SPOTS ARE ALSO POSSIBLE.

* SENSITIVE VEGETATION INCLUDING FRUIT TREES MAY NEED TO BE
  PROTECTED FROM FREEZING TEMPERATURES. SOME DAMAGE COULD OCCUR.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE.
THESE CONDITIONS COULD DAMAGE SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

SHEA

WEATHER.GOV/LACROSSE
155 
WWUS73 KARX 050227
NPWARX

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LA CROSSE WI
927 PM CDT WED APR 4 2012

...FREEZING TEMPERATURES TONIGHT...AGAIN THURSDAY NIGHT...

.TEMPERATURES WILL TUMBLE BELOW FREEZING TONIGHT FOR LOCATIONS
NORTH AND EAST OF INTERSTATE 94 IN CENTRAL WISCONSIN. LOWS IN THE
MID TO UPPER 20S ARE LIKELY IN COLD DRAINAGE AREAS.

FREEZING TEMPERATURES COULD BE MORE WIDESPREAD THURSDAY NIGHT. 

LOWS IN THE THE MIDDLE TO UPPER 20S COULD DAMAGE COLD SENSITIVE
VEGETATION...SUCH AS FRUIT TREES...IF NOT PROPERLY PROTECTED.

WIZ017-029-034-042>044-051030-
/O.CON.KARX.FZ.W.0003.120405T0700Z-120405T1300Z/
/O.CON.KARX.FZ.A.0001.120406T0700Z-120406T1300Z/
TAYLOR-CLARK-JACKSON-MONROE-JUNEAU-ADAMS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MEDFORD...NEILLSVILLE...
BLACK RIVER FALLS...SPARTA/TOMAH...MAUSTON
927 PM CDT WED APR 4 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM TO 8 AM CDT
THURSDAY...
...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE THURSDAY NIGHT
THROUGH FRIDAY MORNING...

* LOWS WILL BE IN THE MID TO UPPER 20S TONIGHT AND THURSDAY NIGHT.
  SHELTERED LOCATIONS COULD DROP INTO THE LOWER 20S THURSDAY
  NIGHT.

* MEASURES WILL NEED TO BE TAKEN TO PROTECT ANY COLD-SENSITIVE
  VEGETATION TONIGHT AND THURSDAY NIGHT.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS COULD KILL OR DAMAGE SENSITIVE
VEGETATION.

&&

$$

IAZ008>011-018-019-029-030-MNZ079-086>088-094>096-WIZ032-033-041-
053>055-061-051030-
/O.CON.KARX.FZ.A.0001.120406T0700Z-120406T1300Z/
MITCHELL-HOWARD-WINNESHIEK-ALLAMAKEE-FLOYD-CHICKASAW-FAYETTE-
CLAYTON-WABASHA-DODGE-OLMSTED-WINONA-MOWER-FILLMORE-HOUSTON-
BUFFALO-TREMPEALEAU-LA CROSSE-VERNON-CRAWFORD-RICHLAND-GRANT-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...DECORAH...WAUKON...CHARLES CITY...
NEW HAMPTON...OELWEIN...ROCHESTER...WINONA...AUSTIN...LA CROSSE...
VIROQUA...PRAIRIE DU CHIEN...RICHLAND CENTER...PLATTEVILLE
927 PM CDT WED APR 4 2012

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE THURSDAY NIGHT
THROUGH FRIDAY MORNING...

* LOWS THURSDAY NIGHT WILL FALL INTO THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S.
  ISOLATED COLDER SPOTS ARE POSSIBLE.

* SENSITIVE VEGETATION...INCLUDING FRUIT TREES...MAY NEED TO BE
  PROTECTED FROM FREEZING TEMPERATURES. SOME DAMAGE COULD OCCUR.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE.
THESE CONDITIONS COULD DAMAGE SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

RIECK

WEATHER.GOV/LACROSSE
160 
WWUS73 KARX 050839
NPWARX

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LA CROSSE WI
339 AM CDT THU APR 5 2012

...FREEZING TEMPERATURES EARLY THIS MORNING AND AGAIN TONIGHT...

.AS OF 3 AM...TEMPERATURES WERE APPROACHING FREEZING AT LOCATIONS
NORTH AND EAST OF INTERSTATE 94 IN CENTRAL WISCONSIN. WITH A FEW
MORE HOURS OF COOLING...TEMPERATURES ARE ANTICIPATED TO DROP INTO
THE UPPER 20S TO NEAR 30.

WITH LIGHTER WINDS AND COOLER AIR OVER THE REGION TONIGHT...FREEZING
TEMPERATURES COULD BE MORE WIDESPREAD. CONDITIONS LOOK VERY
FAVORABLE FOR FREEZING TEMPERATURES NORTH AND EAST OF INTERSTATE
94 TONIGHT...THEREFORE...A FREEZE WARNING HAS BEEN ISSUED IN THIS
AREA. FREEZE WATCHES REMAIN IN EFFECT ELSEWHERE...WHICH MAY BE
UPGRADED TO WARNINGS LATER TODAY IF CONFIDENCE IS HIGHER THAT
FREEZING TEMPERATURES WILL OCCUR.

LOWS IN THE THE MIDDLE TO UPPER 20S COULD DAMAGE COLD SENSITIVE
VEGETATION...SUCH AS FRUIT TREES...IF NOT PROPERLY PROTECTED.

WIZ017-029-034-042>044-051645-
/O.UPG.KARX.FZ.A.0001.120406T0700Z-120406T1300Z/
/O.NEW.KARX.FZ.W.0004.120406T0700Z-120406T1300Z/
/O.CON.KARX.FZ.W.0003.000000T0000Z-120405T1300Z/
TAYLOR-CLARK-JACKSON-MONROE-JUNEAU-ADAMS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MEDFORD...NEILLSVILLE...
BLACK RIVER FALLS...SPARTA/TOMAH...MAUSTON
339 AM CDT THU APR 5 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 AM CDT THIS MORNING...
...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM TO 8 AM CDT FRIDAY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LA CROSSE HAS ISSUED A FREEZE
WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM TO 8 AM CDT FRIDAY. THE
FREEZE WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. A FREEZE WARNING ALSO REMAINS
IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 AM CDT THIS MORNING.

* PLAN ON TEMPERATURES TO DIP DOWN TO THE UPPER 20S TO NEAR 30 BY
  SUNRISE. ANOTHER COLD NIGHT IS ON TAP TONIGHT WITH LOWS EXPECTED
  IN THE MID TO UPPER 20S. SHELTERED LOCATIONS COULD EVEN DROP
  INTO THE LOWER 20S.

* MEASURES WILL NEED TO BE TAKEN AGAIN TONIGHT TO PROTECT ANY
  COLD- SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS COULD KILL OR DAMAGE SENSITIVE
VEGETATION.

&&

$$

IAZ008>011-018-019-029-030-MNZ079-086>088-094>096-WIZ032-033-041-
053>055-061-051645-
/O.CON.KARX.FZ.A.0001.120406T0700Z-120406T1300Z/
MITCHELL-HOWARD-WINNESHIEK-ALLAMAKEE-FLOYD-CHICKASAW-FAYETTE-
CLAYTON-WABASHA-DODGE-OLMSTED-WINONA-MOWER-FILLMORE-HOUSTON-
BUFFALO-TREMPEALEAU-LA CROSSE-VERNON-CRAWFORD-RICHLAND-GRANT-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...DECORAH...WAUKON...CHARLES CITY...
NEW HAMPTON...OELWEIN...ROCHESTER...WINONA...AUSTIN...LA CROSSE...
VIROQUA...PRAIRIE DU CHIEN...RICHLAND CENTER...PLATTEVILLE
339 AM CDT THU APR 5 2012

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
FRIDAY MORNING...

* LOWS TONIGHT WILL FALL INTO THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S. ISOLATED
  COLDER SPOTS ARE POSSIBLE.

* SENSITIVE VEGETATION...INCLUDING FRUIT TREES...MAY NEED TO BE 
  PROTECTED FROM FREEZING TEMPERATURES. SOME DAMAGE COULD OCCUR. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE.
THESE CONDITIONS COULD DAMAGE SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

AJ

WEATHER.GOV/LACROSSE
365 
WWUS73 KARX 051252
NPWARX

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LA CROSSE WI
752 AM CDT THU APR 5 2012

...FREEZING TEMPERATURES AGAIN TONIGHT AND POSSIBLY MORE
WIDESPREAD...

.WITH LIGHTER WINDS AND COOLER AIR OVER THE REGION TONIGHT...
FREEZING TEMPERATURES COULD BE MORE WIDESPREAD. CONDITIONS LOOK
VERY FAVORABLE FOR FREEZING TEMPERATURES NORTH AND EAST OF
INTERSTATE 94 TONIGHT...THEREFORE...A FREEZE WARNING HAS BEEN
ISSUED IN THIS AREA. FREEZE WATCHES REMAIN IN EFFECT ELSEWHERE...
WHICH MAY BE UPGRADED TO WARNINGS LATER TODAY IF CONFIDENCE IS
HIGHER THAT FREEZING TEMPERATURES WILL OCCUR.

LOWS IN THE THE MIDDLE TO UPPER 20S COULD DAMAGE COLD SENSITIVE
VEGETATION...SUCH AS FRUIT TREES...IF NOT PROPERLY PROTECTED.

WIZ017-029-034-042>044-052100-
/O.CAN.KARX.FZ.W.0003.000000T0000Z-120405T1300Z/
/O.CON.KARX.FZ.W.0004.120406T0700Z-120406T1300Z/
TAYLOR-CLARK-JACKSON-MONROE-JUNEAU-ADAMS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MEDFORD...NEILLSVILLE...
BLACK RIVER FALLS...SPARTA/TOMAH...MAUSTON
752 AM CDT THU APR 5 2012

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM TO 8 AM CDT
FRIDAY...
...FREEZE WARNING IS CANCELLED...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LA CROSSE HAS CANCELLED THE
FREEZE WARNING. 

* PLAN ON ANOTHER COLD NIGHT TONIGHT WITH LOWS EXPECTED IN THE
  MID TO UPPER 20S. SHELTERED LOCATIONS COULD EVEN DROP INTO THE
  LOWER 20S.

* MEASURES WILL NEED TO BE TAKEN AGAIN TONIGHT TO PROTECT ANY
  COLD-SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS COULD KILL OR DAMAGE SENSITIVE
VEGETATION.

A FREEZE WARNING MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE IMMINENT OR
HIGHLY LIKELY. THESE CONDITIONS WILL KILL CROPS AND OTHER
SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

IAZ008>011-018-019-029-030-MNZ079-086>088-094>096-WIZ032-033-041-
053>055-061-052100-
/O.CON.KARX.FZ.A.0001.120406T0700Z-120406T1300Z/
MITCHELL-HOWARD-WINNESHIEK-ALLAMAKEE-FLOYD-CHICKASAW-FAYETTE-
CLAYTON-WABASHA-DODGE-OLMSTED-WINONA-MOWER-FILLMORE-HOUSTON-
BUFFALO-TREMPEALEAU-LA CROSSE-VERNON-CRAWFORD-RICHLAND-GRANT-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...DECORAH...WAUKON...CHARLES CITY...
NEW HAMPTON...OELWEIN...ROCHESTER...WINONA...AUSTIN...LA CROSSE...
VIROQUA...PRAIRIE DU CHIEN...RICHLAND CENTER...PLATTEVILLE
752 AM CDT THU APR 5 2012

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
FRIDAY MORNING...

* LOWS TONIGHT WILL FALL INTO THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S. 
  ISOLATED COLDER SPOTS ARE POSSIBLE. 

* SENSITIVE VEGETATION...INCLUDING FRUIT TREES...MAY NEED TO BE 
  PROTECTED FROM FREEZING TEMPERATURES. SOME DAMAGE COULD OCCUR. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FREEZE WATCH MEANS SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE.
THESE CONDITIONS COULD DAMAGE SENSITIVE VEGETATION.

&&

$$

AJ

WEATHER.GOV/LACROSSE

The office that day

Everything else NWS La Crosse, WI issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 4, 3:42 AM CDTFreeze WatchARXAdams, Buffalo, Clark, Crawford, Grant, Jackson and 7 more35 hr

Nearby

Freeze Warnings in Wisconsin, 2012Every freeze warning in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.