Alert archive / Alabama / Tornado Watches in 2011

Tornado Watch 93

April 4, 201122 counties in Alabama

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Apr 4, 2011, 1:03 PM CDT for 22 counties in Alabama. It was in force for 7 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Apr 4, 2011, 1:03 PM CDT (18:03 UTC)
Expired
Apr 4, 2011, 8:00 PM CDT
In force
7 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Largest hail expected
1.5 in
Strongest gust expected
60 kt
All 22 counties

Blount County, AL, Colbert County, AL, Cullman County, AL, DeKalb County, AL, Fayette County, AL, Franklin County, AL, Greene County, AL, Jackson County, AL, Jefferson County, AL, Lamar County, AL, Lauderdale County, AL, Lawrence County, AL, Limestone County, AL, Madison County, AL, Marion County, AL, Marshall County, AL, Morgan County, AL, Pickens County, AL, Sumter County, AL, Tuscaloosa County, AL, Walker County, AL, Winston County, AL

The radar

The Columbus AFB radar (KGWX), 78 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 18:07 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
40%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
20%
Ten or more severe wind reports
60%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
30%
Ten or more severe hail reports
20%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
10%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
80%

Warnings issued inside it

40 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 4, 1:09 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNColbert, Lauderdale21 min
Apr 4, 1:35 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNColbert, Franklin, Lauderdale40 min
Apr 4, 2:05 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNLawrence25 min
Apr 4, 2:12 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNColbert, Franklin, Lauderdale, Lawrence33 min
Apr 4, 2:41 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNColbert, Franklin, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Limestone, Morgan34 min
Apr 4, 3:06 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningHUNColbert, Franklin, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Limestone, Morgan114 min
Apr 4, 3:12 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNFranklin, Lawrence, Limestone, Madison, Morgan48 min
Apr 4, 3:42 PM CDTTornado WarningHUNLimestone, Madison, Morgan33 min
Apr 4, 3:54 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXFayette, Lamar, Marion, Pickens51 min
Apr 4, 3:55 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNJackson, Madison, Marshall35 min
Apr 4, 3:59 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNCullman, Lawrence, Marshall, Morgan46 min
Apr 4, 4:27 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNJackson, Madison, Marshall33 min
Apr 4, 4:35 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXFayette, Marion, Walker, Winston40 min
Apr 4, 4:37 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningBMXLamar3 hr
Apr 4, 4:43 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXLamar, Pickens47 min
Apr 4, 4:52 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXMarion, Winston23 min
Apr 4, 4:59 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningHUNLawrence, Limestone, Madison, Marshall, Morgan3 hr
Apr 4, 5:03 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNCullman, Lawrence, Morgan27 min
Apr 4, 5:25 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXFayette, Lamar, Pickens50 min
Apr 4, 5:30 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXWalker, Winston45 min
Apr 4, 5:34 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNJackson, Madison, Marshall, Morgan26 min
Apr 4, 5:50 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNCullman40 min
Apr 4, 5:52 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXFayette, Walker53 min
Apr 4, 6:07 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXFayette, Pickens, Tuscaloosa, Walker38 min
Apr 4, 6:13 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNCullman, Marshall, Morgan32 min
Apr 4, 6:16 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXBlount, Walker, Winston44 min
Apr 4, 6:18 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXGreene, Pickens, Sumter, Tuscaloosa57 min
Apr 4, 6:20 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXWalker, Winston40 min
Apr 4, 6:23 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNJackson, Madison, Marshall22 min
Apr 4, 6:29 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNCullman31 min
Apr 4, 6:30 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningHUNCullman3 hr
Apr 4, 6:34 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXBlount, Jefferson, Walker41 min
Apr 4, 6:40 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXGreene, Pickens, Sumter, Tuscaloosa50 min
Apr 4, 7:01 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNDeKalb, Jackson, Marshall29 min
Apr 4, 7:06 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXGreene, Hale, Marengo, Sumter54 min
Apr 4, 7:08 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXBibb, Hale, Jefferson, Shelby, Tuscaloosa67 min
Apr 4, 7:11 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXBlount, Etowah, Jefferson, St. Clair, Shelby64 min
Apr 4, 7:18 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNDeKalb, Marshall27 min
Apr 4, 7:25 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningBMXLamar3 hr
Apr 4, 7:40 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningBMXBlount, Jefferson, St. Clair, Walker3 hr

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Little Rock, AR (KLZK), launched 12:00Z, 6.1 hours before the alert went out and 183 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Little Rock, AR at 12:00Z on 2011-04-04Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1771 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Little Rock, AR at 12:00Z on 2011-04-04The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 39 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1771 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-22 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
636 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
49 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
39 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
71 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.6
Supercell composite
2.5

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

984 
WWUS20 KWNS 041805
SEL3  
SPC WW 041805
ALZ000-TNZ000-042300-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 93
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
105 PM CDT MON APR 4 2011

THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF 

       WESTERN AND NORTHERN ALABAMA
       SOUTHERN MIDDLE TENNESSEE

EFFECTIVE THIS MONDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING FROM 105 PM UNTIL 600
PM CDT.

TORNADOES...HAIL TO 1.5 INCHES IN DIAMETER...THUNDERSTORM WIND
GUSTS TO 70 MPH...AND DANGEROUS LIGHTNING ARE POSSIBLE IN THESE
AREAS.

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 100 STATUTE
MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE FROM 30 MILES NORTHWEST OF
HUNTSVILLE ALABAMA TO 35 MILES SOUTHEAST OF TUPELO MISSISSIPPI. 
FOR A COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED WATCH
OUTLINE UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS WOU3).

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 89...WW 90...WW 91...WW
92...

DISCUSSION...MATURING QLCS WILL CONTINUE TO SURGE EWD ACROSS MS/TN
TOWARD WRN AND NRN AL.  ADDITIONAL ISOLATED STORM DEVELOPMENT WILL
BE POSSIBLE IN ADVANCE OF THE FRONTAL SQUALL LINE.  A COMBINATION OF
MID 60S BOUNDARY LAYER DEWPOINTS...SURFACE TEMPERATURES IN THE
70S...AND STRONG SWLY SHEAR PROFILES WILL FAVOR MAINTENANCE OF THE
QLCS WITH AN ATTENDANT RISK FOR DAMAGING WINDS.  A COUPLE OF
TORNADOES WILL ALSO BE POSSIBLE IF THE PRE-FRONTAL CONVECTION CAN
DEVELOP SUPERCELL CHARACTERISTICS PRIOR TO BEING OVERTAKEN BY THE
LINE...AND WITH EMBEDDED QLCS CIRCULATIONS.

AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 1.5 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE
WIND GUSTS TO 60 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO
500. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 26040.


...THOMPSON

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 4, 10:25 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCColbert, Cullman, Fayette, Franklin, Lamar, Lauderdale and 9 more2 hr
Apr 4, 2:52 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCChoctaw, Fayette, Greene, Pickens, Sumter, Tuscaloosa113 min
Apr 4, 4:28 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAutauga, Baldwin, Bullock, Butler, Calhoun, Chambers and 29 more62 min
Apr 4, 4:55 PM CDTTornado WatchSPCAutauga, Bibb, Blount, Calhoun, Chambers, Cherokee and 28 more6 hr
Apr 4, 5:28 PM CDTTornado WatchSPCBaldwin, Butler, Choctaw, Clarke, Conecuh, Covington and 6 more7 hr
Apr 4, 6:50 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAutauga, Baldwin, Bibb, Blount, Butler, Calhoun and 36 more85 min
Apr 4, 7:22 AM CDTTornado WatchSPCAlcorn, Benton, Calhoun, Chickasaw, Coahoma, DeSoto and 16 more7 hr
Apr 4, 10:53 AM CDTTornado WatchSPCAdams, Amite, Attala, Bolivar, Carroll, Choctaw and 46 more7 hr

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Alabama, 2011Every tornado watch in 2011

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.